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第12讲 主谓一致
【定义】主谓一致即主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
一、意义(语法)一致原则
只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语复数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(1) Physics
is (be) not easy to understand.
(2) When and where to go for the on－salary holiday has (have) not been decided yet.
(3) Either of the stories is (be) very funny.
(4) Nothing is (be) impossible.
(5) Ten pounds was (be) missing from the box.
【结论1】 ①不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。以s结尾的国名、地名、机构名、书名等作主语，视为单数；有些不可数名词如news,
maths , physics 虽然以s结尾，但不是复数。
②表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
③ “one, either, neither, each of ＋复数名词或代词”作主语时， 谓语用单数。
④ Something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。
⑤表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(6)This pair of glasses is (be) very expensive.
(7)Two series of new stamps have (have) been ordered.
【结论2】a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(8)The number of the students in our school is (be) quite large and a number of teachers work (work)
hard.
(9)The population of China is (be) large and most of the population are (be) farmers.
【结论3】a number of ＋复数名词，“许多……”，复数意义；the number of ＋复数名词，“……的数目”，单数意义。the population of…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，谓语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义。the average of…“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(10)Mr. Green together with his children goes (go) to the park every Sunday.
【结论4】主语后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。)
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(11)The disabled are (be) well taken care of in this country.
(12)The news is (be) certain to replace the old.
(13)The rest of the workers are (be) still very tired.
(14)His family are (be) all sitting in the sofa watching TV.
【结论5】 ① “the ＋adj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。
②分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。
③主语为集合名词时，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果侧重其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff, team等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(15)战争与和平是一个历史上的永恒的主题。
War and peace is (be) a constant theme in history.
(16)中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都很好。
Chinese and Japanese silk are (be) of good quality.
【结论6】当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数， 那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
【特别提醒】
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：
iron and steel钢铁
law and order治安
bread and butter 黄油面包
a watch and chain一块带链的表
a knife and fork刀叉
a coat and tie配有领带的上衣
aim and end目的
truth and honesty真诚
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(17)What surprised me most was (be) his attitude towards his study.
【结论7】 what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(18)Such is (be) Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.
【结论8】 such 作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(19)Every day quantities of water are (be) wasted.
【结论9】 quantities of ＋名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。
二、形式一致原则
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(20)Every boy and every girl is (be) having sports now.
(21)One and a half hours is (be) not enough to me.
(22)More than one boy was (be) invited to the ball yesterday.
(23)Many a student in our class wears (wear) glasses.
【结论】
①every / each / no ＋名词＋and every / each /
no ＋名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
② “one ＋单数名词＋and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
③ “more than one ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
④ “many a ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
【疑难】
— Did you go to the show last night?
— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ______ invited.
A. were
B. have been
C. has been
D. was
【疑难剖析】答案为D项，根据形式一致原则。从last night可以排除B、C。以上四种情况，如果从意义上来讲，主语有复数意义，但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的，故谓语用单数形式，谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。
三、就近原则
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(24)Either I or they are (be) responsible for the result of the matter.
(25)Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has (have) caused me any distress.
【结论1】谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or,
not…but…； either…or…， neither…nor…，not only…but also…等。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(26) In the distance was (be) heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
【结论2】在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(27)Here is (be) a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.
(28)There is (be) a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
(29)There are (be) twenty boy－students and twenty－three girl－students in the class.
【结论3】当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。
第12讲 主谓一致
【定义】主谓一致即主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
一、意义(语法)一致原则
只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语复数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(1) Physics
is (be) not easy to understand.
(2) When and where to go for the on－salary holiday has (have) not been decided yet.
(3) Either of the stories is (be) very funny.
(4) Nothing is (be) impossible.
(5) Ten pounds was (be) missing from the box.
【结论1】 ①不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。以s结尾的国名、地名、机构名、书名等作主语，视为单数；有些不可数名词如news,
maths , physics 虽然以s结尾，但不是复数。
②表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
③ “one, either, neither, each of ＋复数名词或代词”作主语时， 谓语用单数。
④ Something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常是单数。
⑤表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(6)This pair of glasses is (be) very expensive.
(7)Two series of new stamps have (have) been ordered.
【结论2】a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(8)The number of the students in our school is (be) quite large and a number of teachers work (work)
hard.
(9)The population of China is (be) large and most of the population are (be) farmers.
【结论3】a number of ＋复数名词，“许多……”，复数意义；the number of ＋复数名词，“……的数目”，单数意义。the population of…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，谓语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义。the average of…“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(10)Mr. Green together with his children goes (go) to the park every Sunday.
【结论4】主语后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。)
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(11)The disabled are (be) well taken care of in this country.
(12)The news is (be) certain to replace the old.
(13)The rest of the workers are (be) still very tired.
(14)His family are (be) all sitting in the sofa watching TV.
【结论5】 ① “the ＋adj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。
②分数、百分数、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。
③主语为集合名词时，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果侧重其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff, team等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(15)战争与和平是一个历史上的永恒的主题。
War and peace is (be) a constant theme in history.
(16)中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都很好。
Chinese and Japanese silk are (be) of good quality.
【结论6】当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数， 那么谓语动词也应该用复数。
【特别提醒】
英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：
iron and steel钢铁
law and order治安
bread and butter 黄油面包
a watch and chain一块带链的表
a knife and fork刀叉
a coat and tie配有领带的上衣
aim and end目的
truth and honesty真诚
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(17)What surprised me most was (be) his attitude towards his study.
【结论7】 what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(18)Such is (be) Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.
【结论8】 such 作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(19)Every day quantities of water are (be) wasted.
【结论9】 quantities of ＋名词作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。
二、形式一致原则
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(20)Every boy and every girl is (be) having sports now.
(21)One and a half hours is (be) not enough to me.
(22)More than one boy was (be) invited to the ball yesterday.
(23)Many a student in our class wears (wear) glasses.
【结论】
①every / each / no ＋名词＋and every / each /
no ＋名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
② “one ＋单数名词＋and a half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
③ “more than one ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
④ “many a ＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
【疑难】
— Did you go to the show last night?
— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ______ invited.
A. were
B. have been
C. has been
D. was
【疑难剖析】答案为D项，根据形式一致原则。从last night可以排除B、C。以上四种情况，如果从意义上来讲，主语有复数意义，但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的，故谓语用单数形式，谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。
三、就近原则
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(24)Either I or they are (be) responsible for the result of the matter.
(25)Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has (have) caused me any distress.
【结论1】谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or,
not…but…； either…or…， neither…nor…，not only…but also…等。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(26) In the distance was (be) heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
【结论2】在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
【完成句子】
用动词的适当形式填空
(27)Here is (be) a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.
(28)There is (be) a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
(29)There are (be) twenty boy－students and twenty－three girl－students in the class.
【结论3】当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。
