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Unit 21 Human Biology
需写准记牢的单词——记其形、明其义 怀疑的不肯定的寻找情感情绪进入；入学款待重建常规；惯例协作；配合每周一次的截止日期最后日期需举一反三的单词——知其性、通其变容忍→tolerant 宽容的；容忍的→tolerance ．容忍反对→opposite 相反的→opposition ．相反荣幸的→privilege
．特权；优惠优待实验→try ．试验；试做尝试禁止prohibition n．禁止；禁令联合；团结；统一→union
．团结→united
团结的信心→faithful
忠诚的忠实的；正确的可靠的使有准备→equipment ．装备；设备大笔钱财巨款→fortunate 幸运的→misfortune ．不幸
n．担心；担忧→concerned
关心的牵挂的；有关的→concerning 关于需会读明义的单词——识其形、知其义 间隔；间歇循环消化矿物交换增滥用根本的；基础的每年的一年一次的年度的强制性的义务的roversial adj.
有争议的与(其他事物违反违背复杂的翻译；解释确定；认出识别满足；迎合充足的充裕的扫描推迟延期癌癌症城市的停顿；暂停严重的；剧烈的统计资料；统计数字症状资讯界；报界变化；变种预见感到悲痛；表示哀悼tion n.
处方表明重要性；强调33．systematic adj.
系统化的临时的；短暂的使丧失；抢劫致命的；晚期的下降最低；最小团体；公共机构无条件地不完全地询问提交延期怀疑的
不合理的；荒谬的情形；情况
1．wipe_out 彻底毁灭随便地随意地sts
不管多大代价无论如何满足；迎合立刻马上终止；消灭无论如何；至少开始做永久地e_for
对……负有责任整理；解释；澄清绝望遗漏遗忘；错过机会
1．[教材原句]It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查而其[句式解读]It is ＋ ＋ for sb. to do ...意为“对某人来说做……是……的”。[教材原句]The Olympic spirit — the spirit of competition which_emphasises_taking_part_rather_than_winning — has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。[句式解读]which引导定语从句用于平行结构。[教材原句]When he went to the doctor that day, 那天当他去看医生时他不可能知道他要发生什么事。[句式解读]could have done 表猜测多用于否定句或疑问句中还可用在肯定句中意为“本能……”。[教材原句]It_seems_a_real_pity_that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.很遗憾由于无知成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。[句式解读]It seems ＋ ．＋ that ...意为“……看起来是……的。[教材原句]Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, 西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的年轻人而不是老年人它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。[句式解读]“sb./sth.be believed to ...”为固定结构意为“某人或
[重难·抢分型词汇——合作学会]
1tolerate ．容忍；忍受；宽容[高考佳句](2024·江苏高考任务型阅读)It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance.它有时需要读者容忍不愉快或讨厌的事。(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth. 容忍/容许(某人)做某事(2)tolerant adj.
容忍的；宽容的对……宽容；忍耐……不容忍的不容异己的；偏执的无法容忍的不能容忍的(3)tolerance n．[U] 容忍容忍某人(no) tolerance for
对……(毫不)宽容无法忍受Perhaps you need to be tolerant of your neighbors.
或许你应该对你的邻居宽容些。I don't have much tolerance for people like that.
我对那种人比较没耐心。
Ⅰ.介词填空rance for that stuff.
②This has gone beyond her tolerance.
③We demand that you be more open and tolerant of different views.
Ⅱ.单句写作(2024·广东高考写作)在一些专家的眼中火星上的生活条件非常艰苦难以忍受志愿者必须要面对严寒、孤独和恐惧。2．seek (sought, sought) vt.& vi.寻找；探索；寻求[高考佳句](2024·重庆高考阅读B)Besides, seek to appeal to customers'
senses.
此外商家试图吸引顾客的感官。
Many people spend years seeking for peace of mind, often with little success.
很多人年复一年地寻求心灵的平静却很难如愿以偿。Half an hour later, he sought out his friend in the crowd.
半小时后他在人群中找到了他的朋友。He went to seek his fortune to America last year.
去年他去了美国去寻找致富之路。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空out a really good person for the job?
②He is a man who likes seeking after/for wealth and power.
③You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.
Ⅱ.单句写作为了理解不同文化中成功人生的含义理查德从2011年开始在世界各地寻找同年同月同日生的人(time twin)。3．oppose 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量[经典例句](牛津P1209)She remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad.她仍然强烈反对移居国外。(1)oppose
(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的反对……；与……对立Most of the students oppose having classes on Sunday.
大部分学生反对星期天上课。I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly.
我一贯反对按时定期地喂养婴儿。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(marry) her.
Ⅱ.根据提示完成小片段许多居民反对拆毁旧房子。然而政府的态度明显和他们的态度是截然不同的。dents were_opposed_to_tearing_down/opposed_tearing_down the old buildings.It's obvious that the attitude of the government was_opposed_to theirs.
4．prohibit ．[教材原句]Since the SARS epidemic ended, prohibit any future outbreaks.
自从SARS流行病结束以来科学家们一直在对治疗进行反复试验以阻止任何未来疫情的突然爆发。(1)prohibit doing sth.禁止/阻止做某事禁止某人做某事(one's) doing sth.
禁止(某人)做某事(2)prohibition n.
[U]禁止；[C]禁令的禁令Visitors are prohibited from feeding the animals.
禁止游客投喂动物。It was the bad weather that prohibited their going to the science museum.
是糟糕的天气阻止了他们去参观科学博物馆。They voted in favor of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.
他们投票赞成在公共场合禁止吸烟。
Ⅰ.介词填空n driving will save many lives.
②Please keep silent. You are strictly prohibited from touching items on display and photographing.
Ⅱ.单句改错selling前加fromThe government decided to prohibit to smoke in public.to_smoke→smoking
Ⅲ.一句多译一些人认为在一些区域禁止人们使用手机是有必要的。－1 Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit_people's_using_mobile_phones in some areas.－2 Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit_people_from_using_mobile_phones in some areas.－3 Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit_bile_phones in some areas.
5．rob 使丧失；抢劫；剥夺[高考佳句](2024·重庆高考单选)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。(1)rob sb./sp. of sth. 抢劫某人/某地的某物(2)robbery n.
抢劫盗窃[C]
盗贼；强盗I can't forgive Lewis for robbing me of an Olympic gold.
我不能原谅刘易斯夺走了我一块奥运会金牌。 Exchange is no robbery.
(谚)公平交易并非强行夺取。[个性比较]指公然地用暴力抢劫他人的所有物常用结构：rob sb./sp. of sth.“抢劫某/某地的某物”steal 指暗中窃取常用结构：steal sth. from sb./sp.“从某人/某地窃取某物”
Ⅰ.选词填空(rob/steal) stole my money from the desk drawer and what's worse, I was robbed of my mobile phone on the way back home from the bank.
②The noise robbed me of a good night's sleep.
③The money was stolen from under their very noses.
Ⅱ.句式升级(用过去分词短语作状语)6．decline ．衰落减少；下降；婉言谢绝 ．衰落衰败；减少下降[高考佳句](2024·广东高考完形)After all, lder people don't begin to experience physical and mental decline until after age 75.
毕竟许多老年人直到75岁之后才开始体会到身体和精神上的衰退。(1)decline to do
拒绝做……(2)a decline in
在……方面下降在衰退中走下坡路o into a decline
开始衰落；陷The minister declined to comment on the rumors.
部长拒绝对那些传言发表评论。The number of people who run the red light is on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.
自从新的交通法规实施以来闯红灯的人数下降了。The intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry to fall into a decline.
来自海外的激烈竞争导致国内棉花产业的衰退。
Ⅰ.介词填空句型转换7．equip 装备；配备[经典例句]It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.人们常说人天生具有说话的能力。(1)equip ... with ... 用……装备……装备着……为了……而装备设备精良的/较差的(2)equipment n．[U]
装备；设备一件设备We equip our children with a good education.
我们使孩子们受到良好的教育。He is equipped with much experience in teaching.
他具有丰富的教学经验。His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.
他的工作经验使他能与各种各样的人打交道。My mother bought a useful piece of equipment for the kitchen yesterday.
昨天妈妈买了一件有用的厨房设备。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(equip) himself with necessary knowledge and skills, the young man went to the job market with much confidence.
Ⅱ.单句改错tion, they spend money on fishing equipments, fuel and boat repairs.equipments→equipment
8．submit ．服从；提交；递交；呈递[高考佳句](2024·陕西高考阅读A)If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers, submit it to Smart Animals.
如果你想跟读者分享你的宠物的故事要给Smart Animals投稿。 服从于；屈从于
使某人/自向……提交……In desperation, Mrs. Jones submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain.
绝望之际琼斯夫人只好同意在其右膝上做手术以减轻疼痛。I have asked that his proposal be submitted to a special committee.
我已经要求他的建议要提交给一个专门的委员会。[名师指津] 在submit ... to ...中是及物动词意为“呈交”；而在submit to中是不及物动词意为“服从”。
Ⅰ.用submit的相关短语填空eadmaster yesterday.
Ⅱ.一句多译战败的人们不得不服从新的统治者。－1 The people had to submit_themselves_to the new rulers when they lost the war.－2 The people had to submit_to the new rulers when they lost the war.－3 The people had to give_in_to the new rulers when they lost the war.9．at all costs 不管多大代价无论如何[高考佳句](2024·浙江高考阅读A)After having taught fifthgrade classes for four years, at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books.
在教五年级教了四年之后我决定无论如何要消除他们对书籍的恐惧和讨厌。(1)at the cost/expense of
丧失牺牲；以……为代价以……的费用/价格以任何代价按成本(2)cost sb. sth.
花某人……使某人付出/丧失……We must cherish experience acquired at the cost of our own blood.
用The new building's going up at a cost of $82 million.
修建这座新大楼要花费8 200万美元。We are determined to obtain our rights at any cost.
我们决定要不惜一切代价获
Ⅰ.用cost的相关短语填空ng, but only at_the_cost_of her own life.
③I had a small room at_a_cost_of 15 cents per night.
④I can buy books at_cost from this bookstore.
Ⅱ.一句多译批评家认为这项法律不公平地以牺牲公众利益来保护形象。－1 The law, －2 The law, 他花80元钱买了这件毛衣。－1 The_sweater_cost_him_80_(cost v．)－2 He_bought_the_sweater_at_a_cost_of_80_(cost n．)[常考·保分型词汇——自主练会]1．postpone 推迟；延期[练习]单句语法填空(leave)．to/until the weather is fine.
postpone/put off doing ...“推迟做……”；postpone sth. to/until ... “把某事推迟到……”。 2．faith ．信任；信心；信念[练习]完成句子I am sure you will do it well.
我相信你我肯定你会做好的。
faith_in it.
我想知道的是你对这件事是否失去了信心。
have faith in“对……有信心”；lose faith in“对……失去信心。
3．wipe out 消灭消除[练习]用wipe的相关短语完成句子tserrat in 1997.
③I'm afraid this paint won't wipe_off．
wipe away “擦掉消除掉”；wipe off/from ... “从……上擦去某物”。 4．at any rate 无论如何；至少；不管怎样[练习]完成句子我认为我们无论如何暂时不要管她。 that, at_this_rate,_we'll never finish the job.
我们干的太慢了照这样下去永远也干不完这个活。地方企业正在以每年三家的速度关闭。at this/that rate “照这样继续下去；照此情形”；at a/the rate of “/比率”。 5．at random 随便地；任意地；胡乱地[练习]完成句子ow rubbish everywhere at_random．请不要随便地随地吐痰和乱扔垃圾。at random为固定词组意为“随便地；任意地”。 6．cater for 满足……的要求；顾及；为……提供所需[练习]介词填空cater for“为……提供服务满足……的要求”；cater to “迎合投合”。 7．circumstance ．情形情况(多用复数)[练习]单句改错es
under/in no circumstances置于句首时句子要用倒装语序。在短语under/in the circumstances中一定要用复数形式。
1．It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.
获胜者要强制性地进行检查(1)It is compulsory for ...为“It is＋＋for sb. to 结构其中it为形式主语真正的主语为后面的不定式短语。此结构中for前面的形容词是指事物怎么样如impossible, 等。It's important for you to arrive
there on time.
重要的是你们能准时到达那儿。(2)It is＋＋of sb. to do ...中of前面的形容词是指人的性质或特征如nice, 等。It is careless of Kate to lose so many things.
凯特丢了这么多东西真是太粗心了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(work out) the math problem in such a short time.
④It is necessary for us to examine the papers before handing them in.
Ⅱ.句式升级wine.(it作形式主语)(改为含有that从句的复合句)2．The Olympic spirit — the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning — has been
violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。(1)rather than为并列连词表示选择意为“而不是”这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中连接相同的句子成分即rather than 前后两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining.
