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核心考点 语法专题九 虚拟语气 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点一 虚拟语气用于条件句中
1.表示与现在事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式用were);主句中谓语用would/should /could/might+动词原形。 (2024·北京)We would be back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. 如果你没丢失地图的话,我们现在就回到旅馆了。 2.表示与过去事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用had+过去分词;主句中谓语用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。 (2024·湖南)If Mr Dewey had been present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 如果杜威先生在场的话,他会给那里的人们尽可能地提供帮助。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 3.表示与将来的事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用过去式或should+动词原形或were to+动词原形;主句中谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形。 Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live/should live/lived there,she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. 格雷丝不想搬到纽约去,因为她认为如果她住在那儿的话,就不能经常见到她的父母了。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 4.虚拟条件句 有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有:without,with,but for(要是没有),otherwise,or,but等。 (2024·重庆)Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway wouldn’t have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 如果没有战时的经历,海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了,武器》。 But for your advice,I could not have done it so successfully. 要是没有你的建议,我就不会这么成功。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 I was so busy then;otherwise,I would have gone to help him. 那时我太忙了,否则我就去帮他了。 (2024·浙江)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they would have come to our help. 我们开展这项调查的几个月间他们在国外,否则他们会来帮助我们的。 5.错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主从句所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 (2024·北京)If we had booked a table earlier,we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue. 如果我们早点儿预订一张桌子,我们就不用站在这儿排队了。(从句说的是过去的情况,主句说的是现在的情况) If I were you,I would have gone abroad. 如果我是你,我就会出国了。(从句说的是现在的情况,主句说的是过去的情况) 6.省略if的虚拟语气 如果if从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以省略if,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。 If I were you,I would go to the party.→Were I you,I would go to the party. 如果我是你,我会去参加聚会。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 If it should happen,what would you do?→Should it happen,what would you do? 如果那件事真的发生了,你会做什么? If you had come earlier,you would catch the bus.→Had you come earlier,you would catch the bus. 如果你早点来的话,你就赶上那辆公交车了。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点二 wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法
在wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句中通常用虚拟语气。从句中谓语的构成形式为: 1.表示对现在情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)。 (2024·北京东城统一检测)—Do you like the school? —Yeah.I only wish the classes were a little smaller. ——你喜欢这个学校吗? ——是的。我只希望我们的班级小一些。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 2.表示对过去情况的虚拟,从句中谓语常用had+过去分词。 (2024·天津)I wish I had been at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then. 我多么希望自己上个星期二能参加姐姐的婚礼呀,可是我当时正在纽约出差。
3.表示对将来的主观愿望,从句中谓语常用would/could/might+动词原形。 I wish it would be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天有个好天气。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点三 谓语必须用“(should+) 动词原形”的情况
1.表示“建议,要求,命令”的动词:一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,recommend,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)后面的宾语从句或由it做形式主语的主语从句中的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”。这些动词相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语也要用“(should+) 动词原形”。 The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be handed in on time.老师要求我们按时上交作业。 (2024·陕西)My mom suggests that we(should) eat out for a change this weekend. 我妈妈建议本周末我们出去吃饭换换口味。 注意:suggest当“表明,暗示”讲时,不用虚拟语气;insist 当“坚持认为”讲时,不用虚拟语气。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 The smile on his face suggested he was happy. 他脸上的笑容表明他很开心。 The boy insisted he hadn’t stolen the money. 那个男孩坚持说他没有偷钱。 2.在It is important/strange/natural/necessary/a pity/a shame等+that从句,表示情绪、观点等,主语从句中的谓语用“(should+) 动词原形”。 It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer. 遗憾的是他拒绝接受那个提议。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点四 虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用
1.在as if/as though引导的状语从句中,若从句与事实相反,则要用虚拟语气。具体情况如下: 当从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生时,从句谓语动词用过去式。 当从句的动作发生于主句的动作之前时,从句谓语动词用过去完成式。 He talks as if he knew all about it. 他谈论起来好像他知道一切一样。 (2024·广东,语法填空)He walked in as if he had bought the school. 他走进来好像他已经买下了学校一样。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 2.在It is(high)time that...句型中也用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词常用过去式,表示“是时候做……了”,含“建议”的意味。 (2024·辽宁)Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he did something instead of just talking. 杰克是个空谈家。到了他做点事而不是夸夸其谈的时候了。 3.would rather后接动词原形,但接从句时要用虚拟语气(宁愿,但愿)。具体情况如下: 当从句表示与现在或将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式。 当从句表示与过去事实相反时,谓语动词用过去完成式。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 (2024·陕西)We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer. 我宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里,但是她可以自己作出选择,毕竟她不是小孩了。 I’d rather you hadn’t told Mike the bad news. 我宁愿你没有告诉迈克那个坏消息。 4.if only “要是……就好了”。表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去式;表示与过去事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去完成式。 If only I had passed the driving test last week! 要是我通过了上周的驾驶考试就好了! -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1.(2024·安徽改编)It is lucky we booked a room,or we (have) nowhere to stay now. 2.(2024·北京改编)If I (see) it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believed it. 3.(2024·福州第二次质检改编)—How I wish I (pass) the geography exam! —So you’re sorry that you didn’t work hard. 4.(2024·安徽江南十校联考改编)—Without smart phones,people (be) closer to each other. —Er,it seems to be high tech that has widened the distance between people. 解析 解析 关闭 1.would have 句意:幸亏我们订了房间,否则现在将没有地方住。分析语境可知,此处表示与现在事实相反的假设。故填would have。 2.hadn’t seen 句意:如果不是我亲眼所见,我简直不能相信(这是真的)。根据主句的谓语动词wouldn’t have believed可知,此处表示对过去情况的虚拟,所以条件句用过去完成时。 3.had passed 句意:——我多么渴望我的地理考试及格啊。——那么你很遗憾你没有努力学习。根据题干含义pass动作应该发生在过去,表示与过去事实相反的愿望应用过去完成时。故填had passed。 4.would be 句意:——没有智能手机,人与人之间会走得更近。——嗯,似乎正是高科技使得人与人之间关系疏远了。without...表示的是含蓄虚拟条件,句子说的是与现在事实相反的情况,所以句子的谓语动词用would/could/should/might+动词原形。故用would be。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 5.(2024·北京东城下学期综合测试改编)—Sarah went to the party. —Really?I (meet)her if I had gone with you. 6.(2024·重庆改编)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it? 7.(2024·福建改编) (there be) no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 8.(2024·安徽改编)I (go) to my cousin’s birthday party last night,but I was not available. 解析 解析 关闭 5.would have met 句意:——萨拉参加晚会了。——真的吗?如果我和你一块去我就能见到她了。根据语境事情已经过去,说话人没有跟对方去,“如果去”应是与过去事实相反的假设,主句应用would+have+过去分词。 6.had done 句意:打破窗户的是约翰,为什么你跟我说话的样子就好像是我做了这件事?as if后面的从句通常用虚拟语气,从句表示对过去情况的虚拟,所以用过去完成时。 7.Were there 句意:要是没有现代的通信工具,我们要等数周才能获知世界各地的消息。根据句意可知所谈情况是与现在事实相反的假设,故从句谓语动词用过去式,且省略if,从句用倒装,即将were提前。 8.would have gone 句意:昨晚我本来想去我表哥的生日晚会的,但我没有空。由last night可知此处是对过去事情的推测,故用“情态动词+have done”的形式。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 9.—What if you (forget) to send an essay with your application? —I would have been rejected.
10.It was suggested that an armed guard (stand) in readiness,protecting the president. 11.The upset mother thought to herself,“If only I(know) what’s going on in my little boy’s head right now.” 解析 解析 关闭 9.had forgotten 句意:——如果你在寄申请的时候忘记发送一篇论文会怎么样?——我会被拒绝的。根据答语可知,问句表示与过去事实相反的假设,故应用过去完成时。 10.(should) stand 此处suggest表示“建议”,此时that引导的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,谓语用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。 11.knew if only表示“要是……就好了”,从句用虚拟语气。根据“right now”可知,此处表示对现在情况的虚拟,因此谓语动词用过去式。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 1.你摔下来的时候要不是我站在梯子下面接住你,你现在就不会站在这里笑了。 If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell,you wouldn’t be smiling here now. 2.他不可能跟他们不打招呼就离开,因为他一直是个有礼貌的人。 He couldn’t have left without saying goodbye to them,for he always has good manners. 3.这个男孩可能考试又不及格,如果是那样的话,他母亲会很失望的。 The boy might fail the test again.In that case,his mother will be very disappointed. -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 4.噢,我觉得胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。 Oh,I’m not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldn’t have eaten so much fried chicken just now. 5.幸亏飞行员在那场可怕的风暴中保持镇静,要不然这场事故是不可避免的。 The pilot kept calm in the terrible storm;otherwise the accident wouldn’t have been prevented. 核心考点
核心考点 语法专题九 虚拟语气 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点一 虚拟语气用于条件句中
1.表示与现在事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式用were);主句中谓语用would/should /could/might+动词原形。 (2024·北京)We would be back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. 如果你没丢失地图的话,我们现在就回到旅馆了。 2.表示与过去事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用had+过去分词;主句中谓语用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。 (2024·湖南)If Mr Dewey had been present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 如果杜威先生在场的话,他会给那里的人们尽可能地提供帮助。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 3.表示与将来的事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用过去式或should+动词原形或were to+动词原形;主句中谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形。 Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live/should live/lived there,she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. 格雷丝不想搬到纽约去,因为她认为如果她住在那儿的话,就不能经常见到她的父母了。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 4.虚拟条件句 有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有:without,with,but for(要是没有),otherwise,or,but等。 (2024·重庆)Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway wouldn’t have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 如果没有战时的经历,海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了,武器》。 But for your advice,I could not have done it so successfully. 要是没有你的建议,我就不会这么成功。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 I was so busy then;otherwise,I would have gone to help him. 那时我太忙了,否则我就去帮他了。 (2024·浙江)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they would have come to our help. 我们开展这项调查的几个月间他们在国外,否则他们会来帮助我们的。 5.错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主从句所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 (2024·北京)If we had booked a table earlier,we wouldn’t be standing here in a queue. 如果我们早点儿预订一张桌子,我们就不用站在这儿排队了。(从句说的是过去的情况,主句说的是现在的情况) If I were you,I would have gone abroad. 如果我是你,我就会出国了。(从句说的是现在的情况,主句说的是过去的情况) 6.省略if的虚拟语气 如果if从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以省略if,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。 If I were you,I would go to the party.→Were I you,I would go to the party. 如果我是你,我会去参加聚会。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 If it should happen,what would you do?→Should it happen,what would you do? 如果那件事真的发生了,你会做什么? If you had come earlier,you would catch the bus.→Had you come earlier,you would catch the bus. 如果你早点来的话,你就赶上那辆公交车了。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点二 wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法
在wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句中通常用虚拟语气。从句中谓语的构成形式为: 1.表示对现在情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)。 (2024·北京东城统一检测)—Do you like the school? —Yeah.I only wish the classes were a little smaller. ——你喜欢这个学校吗? ——是的。我只希望我们的班级小一些。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 2.表示对过去情况的虚拟,从句中谓语常用had+过去分词。 (2024·天津)I wish I had been at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then. 我多么希望自己上个星期二能参加姐姐的婚礼呀,可是我当时正在纽约出差。
3.表示对将来的主观愿望,从句中谓语常用would/could/might+动词原形。 I wish it would be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天有个好天气。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点三 谓语必须用“(should+) 动词原形”的情况
1.表示“建议,要求,命令”的动词:一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,recommend,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)后面的宾语从句或由it做形式主语的主语从句中的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”。这些动词相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语也要用“(should+) 动词原形”。 The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be handed in on time.老师要求我们按时上交作业。 (2024·陕西)My mom suggests that we(should) eat out for a change this weekend. 我妈妈建议本周末我们出去吃饭换换口味。 注意:suggest当“表明,暗示”讲时,不用虚拟语气;insist 当“坚持认为”讲时,不用虚拟语气。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 The smile on his face suggested he was happy. 他脸上的笑容表明他很开心。 The boy insisted he hadn’t stolen the money. 那个男孩坚持说他没有偷钱。 2.在It is important/strange/natural/necessary/a pity/a shame等+that从句,表示情绪、观点等,主语从句中的谓语用“(should+) 动词原形”。 It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer. 遗憾的是他拒绝接受那个提议。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点四 虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用
1.在as if/as though引导的状语从句中,若从句与事实相反,则要用虚拟语气。具体情况如下: 当从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生时,从句谓语动词用过去式。 当从句的动作发生于主句的动作之前时,从句谓语动词用过去完成式。 He talks as if he knew all about it. 他谈论起来好像他知道一切一样。 (2024·广东,语法填空)He walked in as if he had bought the school. 他走进来好像他已经买下了学校一样。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 2.在It is(high)time that...句型中也用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词常用过去式,表示“是时候做……了”,含“建议”的意味。 (2024·辽宁)Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he did something instead of just talking. 杰克是个空谈家。到了他做点事而不是夸夸其谈的时候了。 3.would rather后接动词原形,但接从句时要用虚拟语气(宁愿,但愿)。具体情况如下: 当从句表示与现在或将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式。 当从句表示与过去事实相反时,谓语动词用过去完成式。 -*- 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 (2024·陕西)We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer. 我宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里,但是她可以自己作出选择,毕竟她不是小孩了。 I’d rather you hadn’t told Mike the bad news. 我宁愿你没有告诉迈克那个坏消息。 4.if only “要是……就好了”。表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去式;表示与过去事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去完成式。 If only I had passed the driving test last week! 要是我通过了上周的驾驶考试就好了! -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1.(2024·安徽改编)It is lucky we booked a room,or we (have) nowhere to stay now. 2.(2024·北京改编)If I (see) it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believed it. 3.(2024·福州第二次质检改编)—How I wish I (pass) the geography exam! —So you’re sorry that you didn’t work hard. 4.(2024·安徽江南十校联考改编)—Without smart phones,people (be) closer to each other. —Er,it seems to be high tech that has widened the distance between people. 解析 解析 关闭 1.would have 句意:幸亏我们订了房间,否则现在将没有地方住。分析语境可知,此处表示与现在事实相反的假设。故填would have。 2.hadn’t seen 句意:如果不是我亲眼所见,我简直不能相信(这是真的)。根据主句的谓语动词wouldn’t have believed可知,此处表示对过去情况的虚拟,所以条件句用过去完成时。 3.had passed 句意:——我多么渴望我的地理考试及格啊。——那么你很遗憾你没有努力学习。根据题干含义pass动作应该发生在过去,表示与过去事实相反的愿望应用过去完成时。故填had passed。 4.would be 句意:——没有智能手机,人与人之间会走得更近。——嗯,似乎正是高科技使得人与人之间关系疏远了。without...表示的是含蓄虚拟条件,句子说的是与现在事实相反的情况,所以句子的谓语动词用would/could/should/might+动词原形。故用would be。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 5.(2024·北京东城下学期综合测试改编)—Sarah went to the party. —Really?I (meet)her if I had gone with you. 6.(2024·重庆改编)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it? 7.(2024·福建改编) (there be) no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 8.(2024·安徽改编)I (go) to my cousin’s birthday party last night,but I was not available. 解析 解析 关闭 5.would have met 句意:——萨拉参加晚会了。——真的吗?如果我和你一块去我就能见到她了。根据语境事情已经过去,说话人没有跟对方去,“如果去”应是与过去事实相反的假设,主句应用would+have+过去分词。 6.had done 句意:打破窗户的是约翰,为什么你跟我说话的样子就好像是我做了这件事?as if后面的从句通常用虚拟语气,从句表示对过去情况的虚拟,所以用过去完成时。 7.Were there 句意:要是没有现代的通信工具,我们要等数周才能获知世界各地的消息。根据句意可知所谈情况是与现在事实相反的假设,故从句谓语动词用过去式,且省略if,从句用倒装,即将were提前。 8.would have gone 句意:昨晚我本来想去我表哥的生日晚会的,但我没有空。由last night可知此处是对过去事情的推测,故用“情态动词+have done”的形式。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 9.—What if you (forget) to send an essay with your application? —I would have been rejected.
10.It was suggested that an armed guard (stand) in readiness,protecting the president. 11.The upset mother thought to herself,“If only I(know) what’s going on in my little boy’s head right now.” 解析 解析 关闭 9.had forgotten 句意:——如果你在寄申请的时候忘记发送一篇论文会怎么样?——我会被拒绝的。根据答语可知,问句表示与过去事实相反的假设,故应用过去完成时。 10.(should) stand 此处suggest表示“建议”,此时that引导的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,谓语用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。 11.knew if only表示“要是……就好了”,从句用虚拟语气。根据“right now”可知,此处表示对现在情况的虚拟,因此谓语动词用过去式。 -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 1.你摔下来的时候要不是我站在梯子下面接住你,你现在就不会站在这里笑了。 If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell,you wouldn’t be smiling here now. 2.他不可能跟他们不打招呼就离开,因为他一直是个有礼貌的人。 He couldn’t have left without saying goodbye to them,for he always has good manners. 3.这个男孩可能考试又不及格,如果是那样的话,他母亲会很失望的。 The boy might fail the test again.In that case,his mother will be very disappointed. -*- Ⅰ Ⅱ 4.噢,我觉得胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。 Oh,I’m not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldn’t have eaten so much fried chicken just now. 5.幸亏飞行员在那场可怕的风暴中保持镇静,要不然这场事故是不可避免的。 The pilot kept calm in the terrible storm;otherwise the accident wouldn’t have been prevented. 核心考点
