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Unit 2 Robots
A级:基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.That day when I was in the bookstore,I came across a science f ,which interested me a lot.
答案:fiction
2.A by his friends,he went to the teacher’s office to admit what he had done was wrong.
答案:Accompanied
3.He got a new car,which made him become the e of the others.
答案:envy
4.Usually people show great s for the children begging in the streets.
答案:sympathy
5.There are a p of stones in the middle of the road.
答案:pile
6.To everybody’s surprise,they got d last month,though they had been married for only two months.
答案:divorced
7.To sleep late in the morning,I usually turn off my a clock on Sunday mornings.
答案:alarm
8.No matter how busy he is,he will set a some time to spend with his daughter every day.
答案:aside
9.To his (满意),he passed the examination.
答案:satisfaction
10.It is (荒谬的) to believe that the number 13 brings bad luck.
答案:absurd
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.总经理和董事长并肩坐在桌子后面。
The general manager and the chairman are sitting behind the desk .
答案:side by side
2.错在资方而不在劳方。
It’s management that is at fault the workforce.
答案:rather than
3.有机反应常常伴随有副反应。
Organic reactions are frequently side-reactions.
答案:accompanied by
4.他从来不干会招惹是非的事。
He will things that might cause trouble.
答案:leave alone
5.吸烟有害健康,这是大家公认的。
accepted smoking is harmful to our health.
答案:It is generally;that
6.出于对无家可归的孩子们的同情,他留他们过夜。
for the homeless children,he gave them shelter for the night.
答案:Out of sympathy
B级:能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Thinkahead,wingame
How many of you have used rock,paper,scissors(RPS) as a “fair” way to settle something?If you think it is a game of chance,think again,according to scientists.
RPS is a game as popular in the East as it is in the West.The rules are the same:Two players make one of the three hand signs.To decide the winner,rock breaks scissors,scissors cut paper,and paper covers rock.
Many of us play with no game plan in mind.But researchers have worked out several winning patterns.
The World Rock Paper Scissors Society holds tournaments (联赛) in Toronto,Canada.According to their data,players choose rock (35.4 percent) and paper (35 percent) more than scissors (29.6 percent).
If your opponent is a man or an angry person,it’s quite possible they will start the game with rock,researchers have found.If your opponent is a woman or a beginner,you should expect them to start with scissors.
Earlier this year,Chinese scientists asked 360 students to compete in a RPS tournament at Zhejiang University.Scientists found that winners tend to choose the same action they won with,while the loser tends to change to the next action in the order of rock,scissors,paper.
This is called the “win-stay,lose-shift” strategy.Humans use this strategy in many competitive situations.
Expert RPS players have many other techniques.
Monica Martinez,2008 winner of the World RPS Tournament,said that she read faces.
“I didn’t worry about what I was going to do.I just did what I thought they were going to do,” she told TheTelegraph.
If your friends are similar experts,learn from Jonathan Monaco,winner of the 2009 USA RPS Tournament.He wears dark sunglasses to cover his expressions during the game.
Remember,the strategy for playing RPS depends on how skilled your opponent is.But if you’re looking for a quick,simple winning rule for a match,choose paper.Scissors is the least popular choice,and men favor rock.Both are reasons to choose paper.
1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.The popularity of RPS games around the world.
B.The general rules of RPS games.
C.A game plan for RPS games.
D.The fairness of RPS games.
解析:主旨归纳题。由第二段第一、二句“RPSisagameaspopularintheEastasitisintheWest.Therulesarethesame...”可知第二段主要讲述了猜拳的基本规则。
答案:B
2.According to the article,researchers worked out some winning patterns for RPS games mainly by .
A.studying the rules of the game
B.analyzing game data
C.interviewing expert players
D.organizing major tournaments
解析:细节理解题。由第四段最后一句“Accordingtotheirdata,playerschooserock(35.4percent)andpaper(35percent)morethanscissors(29.6percent)”和第六段第二句“Scientistsfoundthatwinnerstendtochoosethesameactiontheywonwith,whilethelosertendstochangetothenextactionintheorderofrock,scissors,paper.”等内容可知科学家们主要是通过研究数据的方式来发现猜拳游戏中的一些获胜规律。
答案:B
3.Which of the following statements about Monica Martinez is TRUE according to the article?
A.She likes to use the same actions many times in a row when playing the game.
B.She usually follows the order of rock,scissors and paper when playing the game.
C.She is good at reading her opponent’s moves when playing the game.
D.She often wears dark sunglasses when playing the game.
解析:细节理解题。由第十段“‘Ididn’tworryaboutwhatIwasgoingtodo,IjustdidwhatIthoughttheyweregoingtodo,’shetoldTheTelegraph”可知MonicaMartinez 擅长预测对手动向。
答案:C
4.We can infer from the last two paragraphs that .
A.scissors is the most popular choice of skilled RPS players
B.paper is a safer choice than rock and scissors for RPS players
C.beginners have barely any chance of winning against skilled RPS players
D.men are usually better at RPS games than women
解析:推理判断题。由第十二段最后三句“Butifyou’relookingforaquick,simplewinningruleforamatch,choosepaper.Scissorsistheleastpopularchoice,andmenfavorrock.Botharereasonstochoosepaper.”可知B项正确。A项与文章事实不符(出现最多的实际上是rock)。C、D两项文章都没有提到。
答案:B
B
Self-drivingcarsarrive
MANY drivers dream of the day when they can sit back while their car drives itself.While several companies are working hard to make it a reality,self-driving cars still face many problems.Google was one of the first to get into this industry.It has been developing self-driving cars since 2009,and its new driverless car is called Firefly.
The two-seater car has a cute,round shape.Its front end looks like a friendly face:The “eyes” are headlights,the “nose” is a laser sensor and radar.
Another group of radars,lasers and cameras sits on top of the roof and gives the cars a 360-degree “view”.They are linked to computer software that can identify people,cars,road signs,and traffic lights,and thus tell the car to make turns and stops.
But the driverless car is only a “fair weather friend”,the DailyMail commented.
According to the MITTechnologyReview,the current driverless cars can’t react like a human driver.They can’t drive in heavy rain or snow.
Chris Urmson,director of the Google car team,said that this is because the detection technology is not yet good enough to separate certain objects from weather conditions.In the cars’ “eyes”,raindrops and snowflakes are the same as rocks,and cars stop for them.But if the manhole (下水道入口) ahead is uncovered,they drive over it without hesitation.Also,if a police officer waves at the side of the road to ask traffic to stop,the cars cannot understand him.
Despite all these problems,Urmson said driverless cars will “happen more quickly than people think”—perhaps as soon as in five years’ time.
But even at that time,driverless cars won’t be truly “driverless”.
In the US,driverless cars are only allowed on roads in certain states if someone sits in the driver’s seat.
European countries,Mexico,Chile,Brazil,and Russia follow the UnitedNationsConvention (公约) onRoadTraffic.The convention used to say:“Every driver shall at all times be able to control his vehicle or to guide his animals.” A change was agreed in May,allowing a car to drive itself as long as a driver is in the car and able to take the wheel at any time.
5.Which of the following is TRUE about driverless cars?
A.They look completely different from normal cars.
B.It is illegal for them to drive on roads according to the UnitedNationsConventiononRoadTraffic.
C.The equipment on top of their roofs helps the cars to get a full view of the area around them.
D.The cars’ software analyzes the information it gets from the radars and then adjusts the radars’ directions.
解析:细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Anothergroupofradars,lasersandcamerassitsontopoftheroofandgivesthecarsa360-degree ‘view’”可知应选C项。A项文中没有提到。最后一段提到从五月开始,无人驾驶汽车可以上路,前提条件是有司机在车里就坐并能够随时接过方向盘,所以B项有误。D项中的“thenadjuststheradars’directions”部分文中没有提到。
答案:C
6.According to the article,the current driverless cars stop when .
A.it is thundering
B.the traffic lights are red
C.there is an uncovered manhole ahead
D.a police officer suggests that they do so
解析:推理判断题。第三段里提到,车里装的计算机软件能够识别交通信号灯。A项文中没有提到。由第六段倒数第二句“Butifthemanhole(下水道入口)aheadisuncovered,theydriveoveritwithouthesitation.”可知C项错误,由第六段最后一句“Also,ifapoliceofficerwavesatthesideoftheroadtoasktraffictostop,thecarscannotunderstandhim.”可知D项错误。
答案:B
7.What’s one of the “problems” facing driverless cars according to the article?
A.How to make them run faster.
B.How to improve their detection technology.
C.How to power the cars using greener energy.
D.How to guide the cars when the GPS fails to work.
解析:细节理解题。由第六段第一句中的“...saidthatthisisbecausethedetectiontechnologyisnotyetgoodenoughtoseparatecertainobjectsfromweatherconditions.”可知应选B项。
答案:B
8.What best describes Urmson’s attitude toward the development of driverless cars?
A.Excited. B.Worried. C.Doubtful. D.Optimistic.
解析:观点态度题。由第七段中他说的“...happenmorequicklythanpeoplethink...”可知,他对无人驾驶汽车的前景还是比较乐观的。
答案:D
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My car just wouldn’t move any farther.It was complete dead,and I was a few miles away from my home in that cold,wet night.I decided walk around a little before accepting I’d have to spend the night in the car.Maybe I can find a telephone.Actually,I didn’t have to walk far before I found the small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room.I knocked at the door and was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the door but listened to my story carefully.He said he had no telephone and that it wasn’t any within walking distance,but the old man who offered to go to repair my car.
答案:第二句:complete→completely;in→on
第三句:decided后加to
第四句:can→could
第五句:第一个the→a;shone→shining
第六句:delighting→delighted;but→and
第七句:it→there;去掉who
Unit 2 Robots
A级:基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.That day when I was in the bookstore,I came across a science f ,which interested me a lot.
答案:fiction
2.A by his friends,he went to the teacher’s office to admit what he had done was wrong.
答案:Accompanied
3.He got a new car,which made him become the e of the others.
答案:envy
4.Usually people show great s for the children begging in the streets.
答案:sympathy
5.There are a p of stones in the middle of the road.
答案:pile
6.To everybody’s surprise,they got d last month,though they had been married for only two months.
答案:divorced
7.To sleep late in the morning,I usually turn off my a clock on Sunday mornings.
答案:alarm
8.No matter how busy he is,he will set a some time to spend with his daughter every day.
答案:aside
9.To his (满意),he passed the examination.
答案:satisfaction
10.It is (荒谬的) to believe that the number 13 brings bad luck.
答案:absurd
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.总经理和董事长并肩坐在桌子后面。
The general manager and the chairman are sitting behind the desk .
答案:side by side
2.错在资方而不在劳方。
It’s management that is at fault the workforce.
答案:rather than
3.有机反应常常伴随有副反应。
Organic reactions are frequently side-reactions.
答案:accompanied by
4.他从来不干会招惹是非的事。
He will things that might cause trouble.
答案:leave alone
5.吸烟有害健康,这是大家公认的。
accepted smoking is harmful to our health.
答案:It is generally;that
6.出于对无家可归的孩子们的同情,他留他们过夜。
for the homeless children,he gave them shelter for the night.
答案:Out of sympathy
B级:能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Thinkahead,wingame
How many of you have used rock,paper,scissors(RPS) as a “fair” way to settle something?If you think it is a game of chance,think again,according to scientists.
RPS is a game as popular in the East as it is in the West.The rules are the same:Two players make one of the three hand signs.To decide the winner,rock breaks scissors,scissors cut paper,and paper covers rock.
Many of us play with no game plan in mind.But researchers have worked out several winning patterns.
The World Rock Paper Scissors Society holds tournaments (联赛) in Toronto,Canada.According to their data,players choose rock (35.4 percent) and paper (35 percent) more than scissors (29.6 percent).
If your opponent is a man or an angry person,it’s quite possible they will start the game with rock,researchers have found.If your opponent is a woman or a beginner,you should expect them to start with scissors.
Earlier this year,Chinese scientists asked 360 students to compete in a RPS tournament at Zhejiang University.Scientists found that winners tend to choose the same action they won with,while the loser tends to change to the next action in the order of rock,scissors,paper.
This is called the “win-stay,lose-shift” strategy.Humans use this strategy in many competitive situations.
Expert RPS players have many other techniques.
Monica Martinez,2008 winner of the World RPS Tournament,said that she read faces.
“I didn’t worry about what I was going to do.I just did what I thought they were going to do,” she told TheTelegraph.
If your friends are similar experts,learn from Jonathan Monaco,winner of the 2009 USA RPS Tournament.He wears dark sunglasses to cover his expressions during the game.
Remember,the strategy for playing RPS depends on how skilled your opponent is.But if you’re looking for a quick,simple winning rule for a match,choose paper.Scissors is the least popular choice,and men favor rock.Both are reasons to choose paper.
1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.The popularity of RPS games around the world.
B.The general rules of RPS games.
C.A game plan for RPS games.
D.The fairness of RPS games.
解析:主旨归纳题。由第二段第一、二句“RPSisagameaspopularintheEastasitisintheWest.Therulesarethesame...”可知第二段主要讲述了猜拳的基本规则。
答案:B
2.According to the article,researchers worked out some winning patterns for RPS games mainly by .
A.studying the rules of the game
B.analyzing game data
C.interviewing expert players
D.organizing major tournaments
解析:细节理解题。由第四段最后一句“Accordingtotheirdata,playerschooserock(35.4percent)andpaper(35percent)morethanscissors(29.6percent)”和第六段第二句“Scientistsfoundthatwinnerstendtochoosethesameactiontheywonwith,whilethelosertendstochangetothenextactionintheorderofrock,scissors,paper.”等内容可知科学家们主要是通过研究数据的方式来发现猜拳游戏中的一些获胜规律。
答案:B
3.Which of the following statements about Monica Martinez is TRUE according to the article?
A.She likes to use the same actions many times in a row when playing the game.
B.She usually follows the order of rock,scissors and paper when playing the game.
C.She is good at reading her opponent’s moves when playing the game.
D.She often wears dark sunglasses when playing the game.
解析:细节理解题。由第十段“‘Ididn’tworryaboutwhatIwasgoingtodo,IjustdidwhatIthoughttheyweregoingtodo,’shetoldTheTelegraph”可知MonicaMartinez 擅长预测对手动向。
答案:C
4.We can infer from the last two paragraphs that .
A.scissors is the most popular choice of skilled RPS players
B.paper is a safer choice than rock and scissors for RPS players
C.beginners have barely any chance of winning against skilled RPS players
D.men are usually better at RPS games than women
解析:推理判断题。由第十二段最后三句“Butifyou’relookingforaquick,simplewinningruleforamatch,choosepaper.Scissorsistheleastpopularchoice,andmenfavorrock.Botharereasonstochoosepaper.”可知B项正确。A项与文章事实不符(出现最多的实际上是rock)。C、D两项文章都没有提到。
答案:B
B
Self-drivingcarsarrive
MANY drivers dream of the day when they can sit back while their car drives itself.While several companies are working hard to make it a reality,self-driving cars still face many problems.Google was one of the first to get into this industry.It has been developing self-driving cars since 2009,and its new driverless car is called Firefly.
The two-seater car has a cute,round shape.Its front end looks like a friendly face:The “eyes” are headlights,the “nose” is a laser sensor and radar.
Another group of radars,lasers and cameras sits on top of the roof and gives the cars a 360-degree “view”.They are linked to computer software that can identify people,cars,road signs,and traffic lights,and thus tell the car to make turns and stops.
But the driverless car is only a “fair weather friend”,the DailyMail commented.
According to the MITTechnologyReview,the current driverless cars can’t react like a human driver.They can’t drive in heavy rain or snow.
Chris Urmson,director of the Google car team,said that this is because the detection technology is not yet good enough to separate certain objects from weather conditions.In the cars’ “eyes”,raindrops and snowflakes are the same as rocks,and cars stop for them.But if the manhole (下水道入口) ahead is uncovered,they drive over it without hesitation.Also,if a police officer waves at the side of the road to ask traffic to stop,the cars cannot understand him.
Despite all these problems,Urmson said driverless cars will “happen more quickly than people think”—perhaps as soon as in five years’ time.
But even at that time,driverless cars won’t be truly “driverless”.
In the US,driverless cars are only allowed on roads in certain states if someone sits in the driver’s seat.
European countries,Mexico,Chile,Brazil,and Russia follow the UnitedNationsConvention (公约) onRoadTraffic.The convention used to say:“Every driver shall at all times be able to control his vehicle or to guide his animals.” A change was agreed in May,allowing a car to drive itself as long as a driver is in the car and able to take the wheel at any time.
5.Which of the following is TRUE about driverless cars?
A.They look completely different from normal cars.
B.It is illegal for them to drive on roads according to the UnitedNationsConventiononRoadTraffic.
C.The equipment on top of their roofs helps the cars to get a full view of the area around them.
D.The cars’ software analyzes the information it gets from the radars and then adjusts the radars’ directions.
解析:细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Anothergroupofradars,lasersandcamerassitsontopoftheroofandgivesthecarsa360-degree ‘view’”可知应选C项。A项文中没有提到。最后一段提到从五月开始,无人驾驶汽车可以上路,前提条件是有司机在车里就坐并能够随时接过方向盘,所以B项有误。D项中的“thenadjuststheradars’directions”部分文中没有提到。
答案:C
6.According to the article,the current driverless cars stop when .
A.it is thundering
B.the traffic lights are red
C.there is an uncovered manhole ahead
D.a police officer suggests that they do so
解析:推理判断题。第三段里提到,车里装的计算机软件能够识别交通信号灯。A项文中没有提到。由第六段倒数第二句“Butifthemanhole(下水道入口)aheadisuncovered,theydriveoveritwithouthesitation.”可知C项错误,由第六段最后一句“Also,ifapoliceofficerwavesatthesideoftheroadtoasktraffictostop,thecarscannotunderstandhim.”可知D项错误。
答案:B
7.What’s one of the “problems” facing driverless cars according to the article?
A.How to make them run faster.
B.How to improve their detection technology.
C.How to power the cars using greener energy.
D.How to guide the cars when the GPS fails to work.
解析:细节理解题。由第六段第一句中的“...saidthatthisisbecausethedetectiontechnologyisnotyetgoodenoughtoseparatecertainobjectsfromweatherconditions.”可知应选B项。
答案:B
8.What best describes Urmson’s attitude toward the development of driverless cars?
A.Excited. B.Worried. C.Doubtful. D.Optimistic.
解析:观点态度题。由第七段中他说的“...happenmorequicklythanpeoplethink...”可知,他对无人驾驶汽车的前景还是比较乐观的。
答案:D
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My car just wouldn’t move any farther.It was complete dead,and I was a few miles away from my home in that cold,wet night.I decided walk around a little before accepting I’d have to spend the night in the car.Maybe I can find a telephone.Actually,I didn’t have to walk far before I found the small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room.I knocked at the door and was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the door but listened to my story carefully.He said he had no telephone and that it wasn’t any within walking distance,but the old man who offered to go to repair my car.
答案:第二句:complete→completely;in→on
第三句:decided后加to
第四句:can→could
第五句:第一个the→a;shone→shining
第六句:delighting→delighted;but→and
第七句:it→there;去掉who
