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2024高考英语二轮阅读理解八十集之连载训练（55）
介绍说明类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Stress caused by social situations, such as giving a speech or going to a job interview, can affect some people’s immune system in ways that harm their health, researchers have found.
The study included 124 volunteers who were purposely put into embarrassed social situations. Those who showed greater neural (神经) sensitivity to social rejection also had greater increases in inflammatory (炎症) activity when exposed to social stress.
“It turns out there are important differences in how people explain and respond to social situations,” lead author George Slavich, at the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at the University of California, Los Angeles, said in a UCLA news release.
“For example,” he explained, “we sometimes see giving a speech in front of an audience as a welcomed challenge; other times, it’s threatening and sad. In this study, we sought to examine the neural bases for these differences in response and to understand how these differences relate to biological processes that can affect human health and well-being.”
The findings provide “further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connected. We have known for a long time that social stress can get under the skin to increase risk for disease, but it’s been unclear exactly how these effects occur. As we know, this study is the first to identify the neurocognitive (神经认知) pathways that might be involved in inflammatory responses to sharp social stress,” Slavich said.
Increases in inflammatory activity are part of the immune system’s natural response to potentially harmful situations, but “frequent or chronic (慢性的) activation of the system may increase the risk for a variety of illnesses,” Slavich added.
The study was released online Aug. 2 in advance of publication in an upcoming print issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
1. Where do you first find the study?
A. A magazine. B. A website. C. A literature. D. An advertisement.
2. Judging from volunteers, might be more likely to have inflammation.
A. those who were more sensitive to social rejection
B. those who were purposely put into society
C. those who gave a speech before audience
D. those who suffered frequent or chronic illness
3. The author quotes examples of the fourth paragraph mainly to .
A. show further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connected
B. prove important differences in how people explain and respond to social situations
C. explain volunteers are sensitive to social rejection when exposed to social stress
D. make clear that how stress caused by social situations breaks down immune system
4. We can infer that if there is inflammatory response in people’s immune system.
A. chronic illness will be caused by the repeated stress
B. doctors can identify the neurocognitive pathways
C. people may avoid being affected by sharp social stress
D. risk of getting various diseases will be reduced
【参考答案】1—4、BABA
较难题目特训：介绍说明类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
People can write many things about this life. In this case, precious moments become the compositions of history. What about you? People should learn from each other, thus they need to read the latest news. It is really interesting to spend your spare time and start your day in the morning. How can you get the information? You will never run out of choices, since there are many different resources to read out there. You can say hello to the world by clicking the mouse on your computer and you can also read the daily newspaper in your patio (庭院).
However, Internet offers fast and effective solutions for the readers. Reading the news on the Internet is just a simple task to do. If you are a mobile person, it is impossible for you to bring the computer and mouse. So, several digital devices are accessible to meet your needs of latest information. You have iPad, smart phone and some other possible solutions. They are your best friends to gain the information about every single thing which has happened in certain part of the world.
Now, it’s time to find the most reliable source. You can easily find the amount of websites on the Internet. They offer news and information about many different things, but only few of them will answer your questions. The reliable and accurate sources will let you read and think further about certain news and information. Definitely, you should find the site with various popular categories of news. There should be some categories such as business, sports and technology. Where should you go now?
You will find the answer at News Daily Spot and get the complete information about other issues. For you who love to know more about celebrity and biography, feel free to read the biography (传记) of several celebrities, such as Kourtney Kardashian. Read the news and see the face of the world today.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Many ways exist for us to know about the world.
B. Newspaper plays an important part in our daily life.
C. The Internet shortens the distance between people.
D. The Internet helps people get more information about the world.
2. You are always on business, so .
A. it is convenient for you to carry a desktop computer
B. you’d better carry several digital devices
C. an iPad will benefit you a lot
D. you only read newspapers every day
3. Why does the author say “it’s time to find the most reliable source”?
A. You must find the reliable and accurate information.
B. You can get all answers to any questions.
C. Various websites will offer the same things.
D. You should use your head to think over after reading.
4. The purpose of the author is .
A. to get us to know more about the usage of Internet
B. to advertise for News Daily Spot
C. to draw attention to News Daily Spot
D. to introduce more famous people
5. Why does the author mention Kourtney Kardashian?
A. To stress he is the most famous in the world.
B. To introduce the all-sidedness of the website.
C. To give answers to the questions above.
D. To show off the celebrities of the world.
【参考答案】1—5、DCDCB
较难题目特训：介绍说明类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A Train Floating On Air
A train that floats on air? It’s not magic — it’s magnets (磁). And it’s close to reality.
In Virginia USA the fall of 2002, a train with no wheels traveled on air and carried college students across their campus. In Japan, a whisper-quiet railway engine hovered and raced at 350 miles per hour using magnets and electricity as the power. And in China, a magnet train line linked Shanghai with nearby Pudong Airport.
These trains use magnetic levitation (悬浮) technology, “maglev” for short. They use the same rules as the magnets you pick up at home or school: opposite poles of magnets attract each other, and like poles repel each other.
How does it work?
Powerful magnets on the bottom of the train repel magnets on the track, which is actually just a magnet-filled guiding way. With a magnetic field of sufficient force, the train will go hovering on air, which seemed impossible to us in the past.
When an electrical current is sent through the track, the train moves. Turn the current backwards and the train slows down.
Maglev doesn’t rely on the friction (摩擦力) of wheels on track, so it can climb a much steeper hill than a traditional train. And it can travel easily in snow and ice, something that could bring normal trains to a screaming stop.
1. This passage is about .
A. maglevB. magnetsC. levitationD. electricity
2. Which of the following is a repelling action?
A. ⇨⇦ B. ⇦⇨ C. ⇧⇧ D. ⇩⇩
3. What can we learn from the text?
A. A magnet-filled guiding way is formed inside a maglev train.
B. Instead of electricity, magnets are used as the power of a maglev.
C. Maglev trains can climb hills with the help of magnet wheels.
D. Electric currents decide the movements of a maglev train.
4. What is the difference between a maglev train and an ordinary train?
A. A maglev train can climb mountains without power while an ordinary one can’t.
B. A maglev train can travel in college campus while an ordinary train is not allowed.
C. Traveling without a track, a maglev train is safer and smoother than an ordinary one.
D. Floating on a track, a maglev train is faster, quieter than an ordinary railway train.
【参考答案】1—4、ABDD
2024高考英语二轮阅读理解八十集之连载训练（55）
介绍说明类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Stress caused by social situations, such as giving a speech or going to a job interview, can affect some people’s immune system in ways that harm their health, researchers have found.
The study included 124 volunteers who were purposely put into embarrassed social situations. Those who showed greater neural (神经) sensitivity to social rejection also had greater increases in inflammatory (炎症) activity when exposed to social stress.
“It turns out there are important differences in how people explain and respond to social situations,” lead author George Slavich, at the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at the University of California, Los Angeles, said in a UCLA news release.
“For example,” he explained, “we sometimes see giving a speech in front of an audience as a welcomed challenge; other times, it’s threatening and sad. In this study, we sought to examine the neural bases for these differences in response and to understand how these differences relate to biological processes that can affect human health and well-being.”
The findings provide “further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connected. We have known for a long time that social stress can get under the skin to increase risk for disease, but it’s been unclear exactly how these effects occur. As we know, this study is the first to identify the neurocognitive (神经认知) pathways that might be involved in inflammatory responses to sharp social stress,” Slavich said.
Increases in inflammatory activity are part of the immune system’s natural response to potentially harmful situations, but “frequent or chronic (慢性的) activation of the system may increase the risk for a variety of illnesses,” Slavich added.
The study was released online Aug. 2 in advance of publication in an upcoming print issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
1. Where do you first find the study?
A. A magazine. B. A website. C. A literature. D. An advertisement.
2. Judging from volunteers, might be more likely to have inflammation.
A. those who were more sensitive to social rejection
B. those who were purposely put into society
C. those who gave a speech before audience
D. those who suffered frequent or chronic illness
3. The author quotes examples of the fourth paragraph mainly to .
A. show further evidence of how closely our mind and body are connected
B. prove important differences in how people explain and respond to social situations
C. explain volunteers are sensitive to social rejection when exposed to social stress
D. make clear that how stress caused by social situations breaks down immune system
4. We can infer that if there is inflammatory response in people’s immune system.
A. chronic illness will be caused by the repeated stress
B. doctors can identify the neurocognitive pathways
C. people may avoid being affected by sharp social stress
D. risk of getting various diseases will be reduced
【参考答案】1—4、BABA
较难题目特训：介绍说明类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
People can write many things about this life. In this case, precious moments become the compositions of history. What about you? People should learn from each other, thus they need to read the latest news. It is really interesting to spend your spare time and start your day in the morning. How can you get the information? You will never run out of choices, since there are many different resources to read out there. You can say hello to the world by clicking the mouse on your computer and you can also read the daily newspaper in your patio (庭院).
However, Internet offers fast and effective solutions for the readers. Reading the news on the Internet is just a simple task to do. If you are a mobile person, it is impossible for you to bring the computer and mouse. So, several digital devices are accessible to meet your needs of latest information. You have iPad, smart phone and some other possible solutions. They are your best friends to gain the information about every single thing which has happened in certain part of the world.
Now, it’s time to find the most reliable source. You can easily find the amount of websites on the Internet. They offer news and information about many different things, but only few of them will answer your questions. The reliable and accurate sources will let you read and think further about certain news and information. Definitely, you should find the site with various popular categories of news. There should be some categories such as business, sports and technology. Where should you go now?
You will find the answer at News Daily Spot and get the complete information about other issues. For you who love to know more about celebrity and biography, feel free to read the biography (传记) of several celebrities, such as Kourtney Kardashian. Read the news and see the face of the world today.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Many ways exist for us to know about the world.
B. Newspaper plays an important part in our daily life.
C. The Internet shortens the distance between people.
D. The Internet helps people get more information about the world.
2. You are always on business, so .
A. it is convenient for you to carry a desktop computer
B. you’d better carry several digital devices
C. an iPad will benefit you a lot
D. you only read newspapers every day
3. Why does the author say “it’s time to find the most reliable source”?
A. You must find the reliable and accurate information.
B. You can get all answers to any questions.
C. Various websites will offer the same things.
D. You should use your head to think over after reading.
4. The purpose of the author is .
A. to get us to know more about the usage of Internet
B. to advertise for News Daily Spot
C. to draw attention to News Daily Spot
D. to introduce more famous people
5. Why does the author mention Kourtney Kardashian?
A. To stress he is the most famous in the world.
B. To introduce the all-sidedness of the website.
C. To give answers to the questions above.
D. To show off the celebrities of the world.
【参考答案】1—5、DCDCB
较难题目特训：介绍说明类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A Train Floating On Air
A train that floats on air? It’s not magic — it’s magnets (磁). And it’s close to reality.
In Virginia USA the fall of 2002, a train with no wheels traveled on air and carried college students across their campus. In Japan, a whisper-quiet railway engine hovered and raced at 350 miles per hour using magnets and electricity as the power. And in China, a magnet train line linked Shanghai with nearby Pudong Airport.
These trains use magnetic levitation (悬浮) technology, “maglev” for short. They use the same rules as the magnets you pick up at home or school: opposite poles of magnets attract each other, and like poles repel each other.
How does it work?
Powerful magnets on the bottom of the train repel magnets on the track, which is actually just a magnet-filled guiding way. With a magnetic field of sufficient force, the train will go hovering on air, which seemed impossible to us in the past.
When an electrical current is sent through the track, the train moves. Turn the current backwards and the train slows down.
Maglev doesn’t rely on the friction (摩擦力) of wheels on track, so it can climb a much steeper hill than a traditional train. And it can travel easily in snow and ice, something that could bring normal trains to a screaming stop.
1. This passage is about .
A. maglevB. magnetsC. levitationD. electricity
2. Which of the following is a repelling action?
A. ⇨⇦ B. ⇦⇨ C. ⇧⇧ D. ⇩⇩
3. What can we learn from the text?
A. A magnet-filled guiding way is formed inside a maglev train.
B. Instead of electricity, magnets are used as the power of a maglev.
C. Maglev trains can climb hills with the help of magnet wheels.
D. Electric currents decide the movements of a maglev train.
4. What is the difference between a maglev train and an ordinary train?
A. A maglev train can climb mountains without power while an ordinary one can’t.
B. A maglev train can travel in college campus while an ordinary train is not allowed.
C. Traveling without a track, a maglev train is safer and smoother than an ordinary one.
D. Floating on a track, a maglev train is faster, quieter than an ordinary railway train.
【参考答案】1—4、ABDD
