3年高考2年模拟1年原创备战2024高考精品系列之英语：专题25 新题型——七选五阅读理解（原卷版）

【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。

　　3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列

　　专题25 新题型——七选五阅读理解

　　【2024年高考命题预测】

　　预测一

　　“七选五”型阅读理解题，试题模式为：给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。” 预测 文章的篇幅较短，词数多为20～30，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。

　　预测对文章的结构有所了解把握住全篇的文脉即句与句段与段之间的逻辑关系

　　【考点定位】2024考纲解读和近几年考点分布

　　"明确、深刻地理解一篇文章对文章的结构有所了解把握住全篇的文脉即句与句段与段之间的逻辑关系"

　　此题型文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。而一个空填错势必又影响到对另外一个空的选择。另外，此题有5个空白处，却提供7个选项，因此有2个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。 该题型要求同学们从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。

　　如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内的考察，是语言表达的基本单位,属于语言的组织规律,那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查,是语言使用的范畴,属于言语的组织规律,简单地说,前者侧重语言的结构--语法,而后者侧重语言的使用--章法.

　　【考点pk】

　　名师考点透析

　　根据出题形式的不同,填空类题型可以分为句子填空题,段落摘要,带选项的段落摘要等题型。.传统的分题型讲解的方法倾向于把这些题型拆开,这些题型的出题思路大同小异,一旦掌握了这些题目的共性,做题就会变得易如反掌。

　　1．考查内容均为细节

　　每一道填空题的题目基本上都是对原文的一句话或者几句话进行的同义改写,不会出现对多句话或者是整段进行的概括归纳.

　　2．所填答案基本唯一

　　虽然这种考试需要考生自己书写答案,但是所有答案均来自于原文,不需要考生用自己的语言对原词进行改写.极个别情况下会出现词序颠倒,但是基本上不需要考生进行词性.时态.单复数等曲折形式的转换.这是由阅读的目的所决定的,只考查考生的阅读能力,而无意检验考生的写作能力.

　　3．凸显构成语段的方式

　　一是靠句际间意义的结合,二是靠句际间的关联词,逻辑性插入语来连接,我们在分析语段层次时,可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断,但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系,把握作者的思路,从语序上去发现断续点,理清层次,好文章的层次非矴逦?只有层层入手,才能真正理解文章.

　　通过对高考中“七选五”型阅读理原题以及大量同类试题研究可知，此类试题虽然新颖，但是也有其特有的解题规律，主要注重解题的窍门和方法，成功闯关，选准答案的难度并不大。 根据作者归纳的解题方法和窍门，为帮助同学们记忆和使用，特将此方法归结为“通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除”五步解题法。以下就此方法进行分析，希望此方法能为同学们的解题提供助力。

　　步骤一：通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。

　　在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为开门见山与结尾总结的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为•结尾总结:式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段 与末段的提示作用。

　　步骤二：详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。

　　文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。

　　步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。

　　在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。

　　一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。

　　步骤四：通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。 

　　在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。

　　步骤五：确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。

　　在检查后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选。

　　【三年高考】

　　1高考试题及其解析

　　高考试题

　　Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

　　People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

　　There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

　　38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”

　　A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

　　A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

　　2.【2024·全国新课标II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　A garden that’s just right for you

　　Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts?

　　16

　　. But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.

　　●___17

　　Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).

　　18

　　. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.

　　●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories

　　Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important.

　　19

　　--how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.

　　20

　　then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.

　　A. Know why you garden

　　B. Find a good place for your own garden

　　C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters

　　D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

　　E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants

　　F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too

　　G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have

　　3.【2024·全国新课标III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Everyone knows that fish is good for health.

　　16

　　But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.

　　17

　　This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.

　　18

　　Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.

　　19

　　When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.

　　There are many common methods used to cook fish.   20   First, lean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.

　　A. Do not buy it. B. The easiest is to steam it. C. This is how you can do it. D. It just requires a little knowledge. E. The fish will go bad within hours. F. When buying fish, you should first smell it. G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

　　4.【2024·北京】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　The Science of Risk-Seeking

　　Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking.

　　71

　　Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.

　　The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.

　　72

　　As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.

　　So why aren抰 we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along owith a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.

　　73

　　No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.

　　74

　　To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.

　　Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.

　　75

　　For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.

　　As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we抣l continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.

　　A. It all depends on your character.

　　B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.

　　C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of susrvival.

　　D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.

　　E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.

　　F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.

　　G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.

　　5.【2024·四川】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 16

　　In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.

　　One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.

　　17

　　Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.

　　18   They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.19    Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 20   A．However, women, on average, live longer. B .The biological factor plays an important part. C. Women are also helped by their female genes. D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way. E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities. F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life. G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions.