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Unit 4 Earthquakes话题：
经典词汇
1.windy adj. 有风的2．rainy adj.
下雨的3．foggy adj.
有雾的4．cloudy adj.
多云的5．snowy adj.
下雪的6．sunny adj.
阳光灿烂的7．fine adj.
晴朗的8．warm adj.
温暖的9．cool adj.
凉快的10．cold adj.
冷的11．dry adj.
干的；干旱的12．freezing adj.
冰冻的；极冷的13．changeable adj.
易变的14．umbrella n.
伞15．forecast v．& n.
预报 16.be likely to 很可能17．global warming
全球变暖18．compare to/with
和……比
起来19．in general
总的说来20．be opposed to
反对21．put up with
忍受；容忍22．get into
进入23．weather forecast/report
天气预报24．make a difference
有影响；
有关系25．take action/measures to do sth.
采取措施做
某事
连词成句
1．make it hard, for three days, it, snow, go out (用现在分词短语作状语)
It_had_snowed_for_three_days,_making_it_hard_to_go_out.
2．force ... to ..., head for, on foot, their destinations, people, therefore (用被动语态)
Therefore,_people_were_forced_to_head_for_their_destinations_on_foot.
Ⅰ.词海拾贝
基础记忆
1．burst vi. 爆裂；爆发n.
突然破裂；爆发
2．ruin n.
废墟；毁灭vt.
毁灭；使破产
3．shock vt.& vi.
(使)震惊；震动n.
休克；打击；震惊
4．rescue n．& vt.
援救；营救
5．trap vt.
使陷入困境n.
陷阱；困境
6．disaster n.
灾难；灾祸
7．bury vt.
埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
8．damage n．& vt.
损失；损害
9．event n.
事件；大事；比赛项目
10．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．意见；判断力；审判
11．injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的
12．electricity n．电；电流；电学→electric adj.用电的；带电的→electrical adj.与电有关
的；电学的
frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐
惧的
14．congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺
语境记忆
15．In the crash, he was seriously injured. He suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.(injure)
16．On seeing the frightening scene, the little girl was so frightened that she burst out crying.(frighten)
17．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)
篇章记忆
The whole nation was shocked by the earthquake.It was really an extremely frightening disaster.Almost everything was destroyed and people suffered a lot.What they needed are shelters and electricity.They expressed their sincere thanks to people all over the world for their immediate rescue.
Ⅱ.短语互译
1.轻视；认为……没有价值 think_little_of
2．结束；终结
at_an_end
3．严重受损；破败不堪
in_ruins
4．掘出；发现
dig_out
5．向……表达谢意
express_one's_thanks_to
6．a (great) number of
许多；大量的
7．be proud of
以……为骄傲
8．right away
立刻，马上
9．as if
仿佛；好像
10．in the open air
在户外
Ⅲ.句型一览 1
.too ... to ... 太……以至于不能……
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat (紧张得不吃食)．
2．It seems (seemed) as if ... 看起来好像……
It_seemed_as_if (看起来好像) the world was at an end!
3．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Thousands of families were killed and many children were_left_without_parents (成了孤儿)．
4．everywhere用作连词，引导让步状语从句
Everywhere they looked (人们无论朝哪看) nearly everything was destroyed.
5．部分否定
All_hope_was_not (并不是所有的希望) lost.
.语法自测——定语从句()
完成句子
1．In 1991 Ranulph Fiennes published The Feather Men, the nonfiction book, on_which_the_film_is_based.(base)
这部影片是以1991年兰奴夫·费因斯发表的纪实文学作品《羽人》为基础而改编的。I want to thank my friend John, without_whose_help_I_wouldn't_have_been_saved.(without)
我想感谢我的朋友约翰，没有他的帮助，我就不会得救。
3．Sarah Brightman, who_will_fly_to_space in 2024, is the first woman to fly there in the field of music.(fly)
莎拉·布莱曼将于2024年飞往太空，她将是音乐界第一个飞往太空的女士。
The classroom is crowded with children of poor eyesight, all_of_whom_show/have_interest_in/are_interested_in painting.(interest)
教室中挤满了视力不好的孩子，他们都对绘画感兴趣。
1.burst
(burst, burst) vi.爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发
突然哭起来/笑起来
burst in/into
闯入；突然破门而入
burst out
突然迸发；爆发
burst with anger/joy
勃然大怒/乐不可支
(2)a burst of
一阵……
①Mary shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew why she was so angry.
玛丽重重地关上门，失声大哭，办公室里没人知道她为什么这么生气。
②Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst in.
门突然打开， 闯进了一群孩子。
【轻松识记】
【对点练习】
根据英汉提示完成小片段
随着一阵笑声，王熙凤一阵风似的走进了房间。她的一席谄媚的话说得贾母乐不可支。
With a_burst_of laughter, Wang Xifeng burst_into the room, whose flattering (谄媚的) words made Mrs. Jia burst_with_joy.
2.ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹 vt.(使)毁坏；毁灭；使破产
①Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.
遭遇一次大地震并被沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出一个新面貌。
(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟
come/go/fall to ruin
毁灭；荒废；崩溃
bring ... to ruin
使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产
(2)ruin oneself
毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one's pleasure/fame
毁坏某人的乐趣/声誉
②They saw by the light of the moon that part of the city lay in ruins.
借着月色，他们可以隐约地看到城市破烂的一角。
【个性比较】 ruin, damage, destroy
ruin 指毁坏某种好的或者有用的东西，事后虽然存在，但已失去了其优良的特性或特征，意思是“使毁灭；崩溃；弄糟”。用作名词意思是“毁灭；瓦解；废墟”，构成短语in ruins“成为废墟”
damage 指一定程度的损坏或损失，部分是可以修复的，可用作动词或名词。作名词表示抽象的“损坏；破坏”时为不可数名词，构成短语do/cause damage to sb./sth.
destroy 指彻底的、毁灭性的破坏，一般不可修复，常作“破坏；毁灭”讲。也可以指希望、计划等的破灭
【对点练习】
Ⅰ.选词填空(ruin/damage/destroy)
①The palace was destroyed completely rather than was slightly damaged,_which can't be repaired, leaving only ruins.
Ⅱ.完成句子
②The house was empty for several years and fell_to_ruin.(fall)
这所房子因为好几年没有住人而荒废了。
③Not only did_drunk_driving_ruin_himself but also killed several passersby.(ruin)
醉驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几名路人死亡。
3.injure vt.损害；伤害
(1)injured adj. 受伤的
the injured
伤员
(2)injury n.
伤；伤口；伤害
do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb.
伤害某人
Local governments should provide necessary assistance to families whose only child has been accidentally injured or killed.
地方政府应该向那些独生子女意外受伤或死亡的家庭提供必要的帮助。
②Dog owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury to
other people or cause damage to their property.
如果狗主人的宠物伤害他人或损害他人的财产，他们应该负责任。
【个性比较】 injure, wound, hurt, harm
injure 多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害
wound 指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤
hurt 多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛
harm 指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害；损害；有害于”。常用短语do harm to“对……有害”
【语境串记】 He retired from the army because of being wounded in a fight.Soon after, he met with an accident, where he was not injured luckily but was hurt to some degree.
他因在战斗中受伤退伍了。不久他遭遇了一场车祸，幸运的是，他身体没有受伤，但心灵在一定程度上受了创伤。
【对点练习】
根据英汉提示完成小片段
这次爆炸不仅给很多当地人造成了伤害，还给环境造成了很大损害。伤者被迅速送往医院，幸运的是，他们很快康复了。
The explosion not only did_an_injury_to many of the local people but also did_harm_to
the environment. The_injured_were
rushed to hospital, and luckily they all recovered soon.
4.rescue n．& vt.援救；营救
(1)a rescue team 营救队
come/go to sb.'s rescue
前来(去)救某人
(2)rescue sb. from ... 把某人从……中解救出来
rescue sth. from sth.
营救某物免于某事
①“Never for a second”， the boy says, “did I doubt that my father would come to my rescue”．
这个男孩说：“我从来没有怀疑过我爸爸会来救我。”
②The whole family were rescued from the fire.
全家都已从大火中被营救出来。
【对点练习】
完成句子
①The failing company is hoping international banks will_come_to_the_rescue.(come)
这家即将倒闭的公司希望国际银行会给予援助。
②After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team was_rescued four days later.(rescue)
迷失在暴风雨四天后，一名海军成员被救起。
5.trap vt.使陷入困境；诱骗 n．陷阱
(1)be trapped in ... 被困在……中trap sb. into (doing) sth.
诱使某人做某事(2)fall into a trap
落入圈套set a trap for sb.
给某人设圈套
①A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue those trapped in the building.
许多战士被派往那里救援被困在建筑物里的人。
②They set a trap for him and he walked right into it.
他们设下圈套，他果然落入其中。
【对点练习】
Ⅰ.用trap及其相关短语的适当形式填空
①正如古时候人们用陷阱诱捕动物一样，彼得给玛丽设了圈套，而她真的中计了。
As ancient people used traps to trap animals, Peter set_a_trap_for Mary and she really fell_into it.
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
②The brave soldiers were determined to save all the people trapped (trap) in the flooded mine.
③Trapped (trap) in the ruins, the girl still wore a smile, waiting to be rescued.
④The shopkeeper trapped me into buying (buy) their poor quality milk.
6.bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏
bury ... in ... 把……埋入……
in (doing) sth. 埋头于/专心于(做)某事
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
①Ever since he moved there, he has buried himself in/has been buried in his research work.
自从搬到那里以后，他一直在专注于研究工作。
②She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
【联想发散】表示“专注于某事”的动词短语还有：be absorbed
in,_be devoted to,_be lost in,_focus on,_concentrate on等。
【对点练习】
Ⅰ.完成句子
①In the explosion, some workers who_were_buried_alive for hours were rescued at last.(bury)
在那次爆炸事件中，那些被活埋长达几个小时的工人最终获救了。
②Buried_in_his_books,_he didn't know it was raining outside.(bury)
因为埋头苦学，他不知道外面在下雨。
Ⅱ.句式升级
③Burying_himself_in_his_books,_he didn't know it was raining outside.(使用现在分词作状语改写练习②)
7.judge v．断定；判断；判决 n．裁判员；法官；评判员
judge ... from/by ... 从……来判断
judge sb./sth. to be ...
判断某人/事……
as far as I can judge
据我判断；我认为
judging by/from
从……上看；根据……判断
①Every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress.
每500码左右，他抬起头判断一下他的进程。
②According to what he said, we can judge him to be an honest boy.
根据他所说的话，我们可以判断他是一个诚实的男孩。
