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Ownership of Houses in a Big City in China Unit 4 Public transport
Ⅰ.单词拓展
1．________ n． 声誉，名声；区别，差别
2．________ prep.&adv. 在……之下
3．________ n．
权力；权力机构；权威；权限
4．________ vi.
起作用；工作，活动，运转
自我诊断：
1.distinction 2.beneath 3.authority 4.function
5．________ n．一打，十二个；十几个，十来个；许多，好多
6．________ n．
折扣，打折
7．________ n．
增加，增长
8．________ vi.
目的是，打算；瞄准，对准
vt.
将……瞄准，将……指向
n.
目标，目的
自我诊断：
5．dozen 6.discount 7.increase 8.aim
9．________ vt. 承担，担任；着手做，开始进行，从事
10．________ vt.
牺牲，奉献
11．________ prep.
在……之外，超出
12．________ vt.
推迟，延迟，使延期
自我诊断：
9.undertake 10.sacrifice 11.beyond 12.postpone
13．________ adj. 可靠的，可信赖的
14．________ vi. 发生，产生，形成；起立，起身；起床；起义
15．________ adj. 极端的，极度的
16．________ n． 原因，起因；事业
17．________ adj. 不耐烦的，没耐心的，急不可耐的
自我诊断：
13．reliable 14.arise 15.extreme 16.cause
17．impatient
18．________ vt. 罚……的款，处……以罚金
n.
罚金，罚款
19．________ n．负荷，负载；装载
vt.
装载
20．________ vt. 不认真对待，打发；解散，使……离开；解雇，免……的职；摈弃(想法等)，抛弃
自我诊断：
18.fine 19 load 20.dismiss
Ⅱ.短语记忆
1．__________ 阻塞
2．__________
连接，会合，联合
3．__________
打折
4．__________
注意(到)；关注
5．__________
更好地利用
自我诊断：
1.choke off 2.link up 3.at a discount 4.take notice of 5.make better use of
6．__________
补偿，弥补
7．__________
加速
8．__________
冲掉，冲垮，冲走
9．__________
正在修理中，在修建中
10．__________
除……之外，包括
自我诊断：
6.make up for
7．speed up 8.wash away 9.under repair 10.in addition to
11．__________
由……引起/产生
12．__________
目的是，旨在，针对
13．__________
两个，两三个，几个
14．__________
希望，怀着……的希望
自我诊断：
11.arise from 12.be aimed at 13.a couple of 14.in the hope that
Ⅲ.句型搜索
1．They have done ____ the hope ____ people will take notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars.
他们这样做是希望人们能注意到由有毒的烟及汽车所排出的气体造成的问题。
2．____were developed, the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.
随着更先进的隧道挖掘方法的使用，泰晤士河下面第一条铁路隧道于1884年开始挖掘。
自我诊断：
1.so in that 2.As more advanced ways of digging tunnels
3．Another cause of accidents is____.
事故的另一个原因是车况不好。
4．What ____it was like travelling on it 100 years ago?
你认为100年前坐地铁旅行会是什么样的？
自我诊断：
3.that bicycles are not kept in good condition 4.do you think
Ⅳ.课本链接(根据课文信息填空)
Drivers not paying attention When another driver does something wrong, drivers who don't pay attention to surrounding traffic are not 1.____.
Drivers being impatient in a traffic jam Both drivers' pushing into other lanes of traffic and overtaking other cars can easily cause 2.____.
Drivers speaking
on mobile phones Speaking on the mobile phone requires 3.____and takes a driver's attention from the road.
Drinking and driving
Drivers who drive after consuming alcoholic drinks are 4.____the law and risking their own lives as well as the lives of others.
Drivers speeding
Driving too fast through city streets is very 5.____and dangerous.
Cyclists not paying attention Cyclists don't pay attention to the cars and often ride too close to cars to allow them space and time to 6.____.
Riding bicycles on the pavement Cycling on the pavement can be dangerous. Cyclists should 7.____next to their bicycles to avoid causing any accidents.
Cyclists carrying a passenger Carrying more than a light load on your bicycle or overloading it makes it unsteady and more difficult to control, which is an 8.____to accidents.
Bicycles without lights Many accidents are caused at night because a bicycle without a 9.____cannot be seen.
Bicycles in need of repair Often 10.____don't work properly or tyres are too old.
Pedestrians crossing the road incorrectly Pedestrians should always cross the road on a crossing, and should never 11.____across the road.
Ignoring traffic lights Traffic lights are there to 12.____traffic in an orderly way. We should all obey.
自我诊断：
1.prepared 2.crashes 3.concentration 4.violating 5.irresponsible 6.stop 7.walk 8.invitation 9.light 10.brakes 11.run 12.guide
第一板块 词汇精讲
1．aim vi.目的是，打算；瞄准vt.将……瞄准，将……指向n.目标；目的
【教材原句】This notice is aimed at increasing people's awareness of the problem because it has become quite extreme.
此通告的目的在于提高人们对这一问题的认识，因为该问题已相当严重。
归纳拓展
(1)aim at＝be aimed at目的在于，旨在
aim for
致力，努力追求
aim to do
立志做……
(2)with the aim of
以期……，意在……
take aim at...
向……瞄准
without aim
漫无目的地
achieve one's aim
实现目标
miss one's aim
达不到目的，打不中目标
My sister aims to be a novelist.
我姐姐立志要当一名小说家。
In order to achieve this aim, we must learn from other companies.
为了实现这个目标，我们必须向别的公司学习。
I started to learn English with the aim of becoming a teacher.
我开始学英语的目的是当一名教师。
2．confuse vt. 使糊涂，使困惑；使混乱；混淆
【教材原句】When I first undertook the project, I found the information confusing because I didn't know how to organize it.
当我起初开始研究这个课题时，我感到信息很乱，因为我不知道该怎样有序地整理这些信息。
归纳拓展
(1)confuse A with/and B把A与B混淆
(2)confusing adj.
令人迷惑的
confused adj.
(人感到)糊涂的，迷惑的
be/get confused with
对……感到困惑
(3)confusion n.
不确定，困惑
in confusion
迷惑地；困惑地；处于混乱状态
I always confuse John with his brother; they are very much alike.
我总是分不清约翰和他的哥哥，他们长得太像了。
I find his lectures very confusing; he never sticks to the point.我发现他的课令人困惑不解，他总是跑题。
When the earthquake occurred, everything was in confusion.发生地震时，一切都乱作一团。
3．beyond prep.在……之外，超出，为……所不能及adv.在远处，向远处
【教材原句】It was an A＋， which was beyond my modest expectations.
我得的分数是A＋，这超出了我以前适中的期望。
They crossed the mountains and travelled to the valleys beyond.他们越过群山，到了那边的山谷。
归纳拓展
beyond description 无法形容
beyond words
无法用语言表达(形容)
beyond one's reach
够不着，力所不及的
beyond one's wildest dreams
做梦也想不到的
beyond one's power
超出某人的能力
beyond one's control
无法控制
beyond one's comprehension
超出某人的理解能力
beyond compare
无与伦比
The view from the top was quite beyond description.
从山顶看去的景色是笔墨难以形容的。
It is a natural disaster which is beyond our control.
这是人力无法控制的自然灾害。
4．arise vi.(arose, arisen)发生，产生，形成；起立，起身；起床；起义
【教材原句】The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents had increased greatly over the past year.
在过去的一年中，交通事故数量以及由交通事故所引发的死亡人数急剧上升。
归纳拓展
arise from＝arise out of由……引起/产生，起源于；升起，上升
He arose from his seat.
他从座位上站起来。
Accidents usually arise from carelessness.
意外事件可能因疏忽而引起。
5．in the hope that 希望，怀着……的希望
【教材原句】They have done so in the hope that people will take notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars.
他们之所以这样做是希望人们注意由汽车排出的有毒烟雾和尾气所带来的问题。
► 归纳拓展
(1)怀着……的希望
(2)
人们希望……
She lived in hopes of seeing one of her sons succeed.
她生活的寄托就是期望儿子当中有人能出人头地。
It is hoped that we will finish the work on Monday.
希望我们星期一能完成工作。
6．in addition to 除……之外，包括
【教材原句】In addition to the frequent fast ferries to ports in Weihai and Yantai, there are slower ferries to Shanghai, Qinhuangdao and Inchon in Korea.
除了快速渡轮频繁去往威海和烟台外，还有一些较慢的渡轮去往上海、秦皇岛和韩国的仁川。
In addition to the names on the list there are six other applicants.除名单上的名字之外，还有六个申请人。
归纳拓展
in addition此外，另外(副词性短语)
In addition, I have another question.
另外，我还有一个问题。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We should make the best of this____(有价值的) opportunity.
答案：valuable
2．The ability to use a language can be________(获得) by the act of using the language.
答案：acquired
3．His speech was________(经常地) interrupted by stormy applause.
答案：frequently
4．Could you tell me the________(优点) of this washer?
答案：advantages
5．I________(瞄准) at the target but hit the wall.
答案：aimed
6．This was the instance that________(发生) first to my mind.
答案：occured
7．They________(使困惑) me with conflicting accounts of what happened.
答案：confused
8．Peace and development________(仍是) the themes of the present era.
答案：remain
9．My deep________(感激) is beyond words for your sympathy and thoughtfulness.
答案：appreciation
10．She passed her________(资格) for the Olympic gymnastic competition.
答案：qualification
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．—It is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the students.
—Oh, today we are still________from heavy schoolwork，________at preparing us for the entrance examination.
A．suffering; aimingB．suffered; aimed
C．suffering; aimed
D．suffered; aiming
解析：第一空用suffering表示主动；而第二空用aimed at，相当于which is aimed at...，意思是“繁重的作业旨在让我们准备参加入学考试”。be aimed at旨在，目的在于。
答案：C
2．As a punishment, she was not____to attend any school activities.
A．persuadedB．permitted
C．predicted
D．preserved
解析：句意：作为惩罚，她不被允许参加任何课外活动。permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做……。persuade说服，劝说；predict预言，预示；preserve预留，保护。
答案：B
3．(2024年皖南八校联考)____genes, intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a decent home environment.
A．In exchange for
B．Except for
C．In addition to
D．Due to
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了遗传基因外，智力的高低还取决于适当的饮食、良好的教育和好的家庭环境。in addition to相当于besides，表示“除了……之外还有”。in exchange for作为……的交换；except for除了……以外；due to因为。C项符合题意。
答案：C
4．(2024年安庆一中质检)He studied hard____good grades might attract the girl's attention.
A．in hope of
B．in the hope that
C．in hopes of
D．in the hope of
解析：句意：他努力地学习，希望能够用优异的成绩引起那个女孩的注意。空格后是一个句子，故应选B项。in the hope that...希望，怀着……的希望。A、C项和D项后都只能接相当于名词的成分。
