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2024高考英语二轮阅读理解八十集之连载训练（70）
科普知识类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Steven Spielberg's 2002 science-fiction thriller Minority Report produced a world where computers could read minds and predict the future. It seemed fanciful at the time, but fantasy is edging closer to fact.
On Jan. 3l, a team of scientist sat the UC Berkeley, led by Robert Knight programmed computers to decode (解码) brain waves and replay them as words. Five months earlier, another group of Berkeley scientists showed their colleagues short movies and used computers to play back in color what people saw.
These experiments are a big advance from 2006, when a French scientist first replayed images from a human mind, a black-and-white checkerboard pattern. The possibilities are great: a disabled person could “speak”； doctors could access the mind of a patient who fainted; you could rewatch your dreams on an iPad.There are, of course, equally dark side, such as the involuntary take out of information from the brain.
In spite of these breakthroughs,Jack Gallant, the neuroscientist who led the first Berkeley team, says current technology for decoding brain activity is still “relatively primitive.” The field is held back by its poor machinery, in particular the fMRI.
“Eventually,” says Gallant,“someone will invent a decoding machine you can wear as a hat.” Such an advance into the human mind, he says, might take 30 years.
Still, the recent advances at Berkeley offer small answers, which scientists can use to begin unlocking the secrets of memory and consciousness.
l. What is the best title for the passage?
A. New technology can read your mind
B. Fantasy is edging closer to fact
C. A new discovery in human brain
D. The intelligent computers in the future
2. What did scientist sat the UC Berkeley do?
A. They produced a fanciful world.
B. They made computers jump forward like a human.
C. They managed to translate brain waves into language.
D. They used computers to make short movies.
3. Which of the following is impossible for the research?
A. It can help a disabled man recover his ability of speech.
B. Doctors can read a patient's mind even if he is unconscious.
C. People will know what happens in their dreams.
D. People's thoughts may be given away.
4. What plays a most important role in the development of the technology?
A. A computer. B. An iPad. C.A decoding machine.D. A hat.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. scientists got the inspiration from a movie
B. the technology still has a long way to go
C. the technology has been put into practice
D. scientists have unlocked these crets of memory
【参考答案】1—5、ACACB
科普知识类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth“mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and“coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
1. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by .
A. the visitors to his office
B. the psychology lessons he has
C. his physical feeling of coldness
D. the things he has bought online
2. The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that .
A. adults should develop social skills
B. babies need warm physical contact
C. caregivers should be healthy adults
D. monkeys have social relationships
3. In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to .
A. evaluate someone’s personality
B. write down their hypotheses
C. fill out a personal information form
D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
4. We can infer from the passage that .
A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C. physical temperature affects how we see others
D. capable persons are often cold to others
5. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.
B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation.
C. Developing Better Drinking Habits.
D. Physical Sensations and Emotions.
【参考答案】1—5、CBACD
科普知识类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.
Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away—or even chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies.
Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The“e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when they’re attacked. Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.
The research team worked with an e-nose that recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.
To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch(打孔器).
The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, peper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage—by insects or with a hole punch—had been done to the tomato leaves.
With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.
1. We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by .
A. making some soundsB. waving their leaves
C. producing some chemicals D. sending out electronic signals
2. What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked?
A. They presented it with all common crops.
B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device.
C. They collected different damaged leaves.
D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.
3. According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can .
A. pick out ripe fruits
B. spot the insects quickly
C. distinguish different damages to the leaves
D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves
4. We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose .
A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers
B. is not yet used in greenhouses
C. is designed by scientists at Purdue
D. is helpful in killing harmful insects
【参考答案】1—4、CDCB
2024高考英语二轮阅读理解八十集之连载训练（70）
科普知识类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Steven Spielberg's 2002 science-fiction thriller Minority Report produced a world where computers could read minds and predict the future. It seemed fanciful at the time, but fantasy is edging closer to fact.
On Jan. 3l, a team of scientist sat the UC Berkeley, led by Robert Knight programmed computers to decode (解码) brain waves and replay them as words. Five months earlier, another group of Berkeley scientists showed their colleagues short movies and used computers to play back in color what people saw.
These experiments are a big advance from 2006, when a French scientist first replayed images from a human mind, a black-and-white checkerboard pattern. The possibilities are great: a disabled person could “speak”； doctors could access the mind of a patient who fainted; you could rewatch your dreams on an iPad.There are, of course, equally dark side, such as the involuntary take out of information from the brain.
In spite of these breakthroughs,Jack Gallant, the neuroscientist who led the first Berkeley team, says current technology for decoding brain activity is still “relatively primitive.” The field is held back by its poor machinery, in particular the fMRI.
“Eventually,” says Gallant,“someone will invent a decoding machine you can wear as a hat.” Such an advance into the human mind, he says, might take 30 years.
Still, the recent advances at Berkeley offer small answers, which scientists can use to begin unlocking the secrets of memory and consciousness.
l. What is the best title for the passage?
A. New technology can read your mind
B. Fantasy is edging closer to fact
C. A new discovery in human brain
D. The intelligent computers in the future
2. What did scientist sat the UC Berkeley do?
A. They produced a fanciful world.
B. They made computers jump forward like a human.
C. They managed to translate brain waves into language.
D. They used computers to make short movies.
3. Which of the following is impossible for the research?
A. It can help a disabled man recover his ability of speech.
B. Doctors can read a patient's mind even if he is unconscious.
C. People will know what happens in their dreams.
D. People's thoughts may be given away.
4. What plays a most important role in the development of the technology?
A. A computer. B. An iPad. C.A decoding machine.D. A hat.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. scientists got the inspiration from a movie
B. the technology still has a long way to go
C. the technology has been put into practice
D. scientists have unlocked these crets of memory
【参考答案】1—5、ACACB
科普知识类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth“mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and“coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
1. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by .
A. the visitors to his office
B. the psychology lessons he has
C. his physical feeling of coldness
D. the things he has bought online
2. The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that .
A. adults should develop social skills
B. babies need warm physical contact
C. caregivers should be healthy adults
D. monkeys have social relationships
3. In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to .
A. evaluate someone’s personality
B. write down their hypotheses
C. fill out a personal information form
D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
4. We can infer from the passage that .
A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C. physical temperature affects how we see others
D. capable persons are often cold to others
5. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.
B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation.
C. Developing Better Drinking Habits.
D. Physical Sensations and Emotions.
【参考答案】1—5、CBACD
科普知识类
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as bugs and bees.
Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by hungry insects, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away—or even chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies.
Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical sensor(传感器) called an electronic nose. The“e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make when they’re attacked. Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens that can house thousands of plants.
The research team worked with an e-nose that recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds. Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.
To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then the scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop. These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch(打孔器).
The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, peper and tomato plants based on the volatile compounds they produce. It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage—by insects or with a hole punch—had been done to the tomato leaves.
With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.
1. We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by .
A. making some soundsB. waving their leaves
C. producing some chemicals D. sending out electronic signals
2. What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked?
A. They presented it with all common crops.
B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device.
C. They collected different damaged leaves.
D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.
3. According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can .
A. pick out ripe fruits
B. spot the insects quickly
C. distinguish different damages to the leaves
D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves
4. We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose .
A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers
B. is not yet used in greenhouses
C. is designed by scientists at Purdue
D. is helpful in killing harmful insects
【参考答案】1—4、CDCB
