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专题四 “顺藤摸瓜”——明辨词义猜测类题目
Passage
1
体裁：说明文 话题：科学研究 时间：6分钟
(2024·广东卷，D)Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流)．Most do it using satellites and other hightech equipment.However，ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way—by studying movements of random floating garbage.A scientist with many years' experience，he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States.There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap_meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.
Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes－about 60,000 in total－fell into the ocean in a shipping accident.He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected，the company told him that they didn't.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment.If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed，he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.
The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing(海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here，and as a result，there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area.Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed.In a year he collected reliable information on 1,600 shoes.With this data，he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents，and publish the findings of their study.
As the result of his work，Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts，with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand.They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.
【语篇导读】 本文是说明文，介绍了一种研究洋流的特别方式。
1．The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.
A．fitting rooms B．trading fairs
C．business talks D．group meetings
解析 词义猜测题。由前面的so many shoes和后面的to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear，特别是sell，可知是建立交易市场，故选B。
答案 B
2．Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out ________.
A．what caused the shipping accident
B．when and where the shoes went missing
C．whether it was all right to use their shoes
D．how much they lost in the shipping accident
解析 事实细节题。由第二段二、三、四句“He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back.As expected，the company told him that they didn't.Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment”可知，选C。
答案 C
3．How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?
A．By collecting information from beachcombers.
B．By studying the shoes found by beachcombers.
C．By searching the web for ocean currents
models.
D．By researching ocean currents data in the library.
解析 事实细节题。由第三段第二句Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them (serious
beachcombers) and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed及其后几句可知，选A，“通过海滩清理者收集信息”。
答案 A
4．Ebbesmeyer is most famous for ________.
A．traveling widely the coastal cities of the world
B．making records for any lost objects on the sea
C．running a global currents research association
D．phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea
解析 事实细节题。由第四段第一句Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean可知，选D。
答案 D
5．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A．To call people's attention to ocean pollution.
B．To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.
C．To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.
D．To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.
解析 主旨大意题。文章主题句在第一段，即However，ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way—by studying movements of random floating garbage，由此可知选C。
答案 C
Passage
2
体裁：说明文 话题：旅鸽 时间：6分钟
(2024·课标Ⅰ卷)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons－a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood，which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.
In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them，known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.
【语篇导读】 本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。
1．In the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons ________.
A．were the biggest bird in the world
B．lived mainly in the south of America
C．did great harm to the natural environment
D．were the largest bird population in the US
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。
答案 D
2．The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons' ________.
A．escape B．ruin
C．liberation D．evolution
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Where the birds were abundant...by the thousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。
答案 B
3．What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?
A．To seek pleasure. B．To save other birds.
C．To make money. D．To protect crops.
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercial hunters attracted them...sold in restaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选C。
答案 C
4．What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?
A．It was ignored by the public.
B．It was declared too late.
C．It was unfair.
D．It was strict.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In 1897，the state of...for 10 years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。
答案 B
.仿真、模拟
Passage
1
体裁：说明文 话题：卫生保健 时间：7分钟
(2024·鹰潭一中月考)Five Booming Careers in Health Care
Loving what you do is great，but knowing your career will be there tomorrow is even better.And when it comes to booming fields，the health care industry is one that's primed for growth.
Want to prepare to take your place in the health care field？Check out these five indemand health care careers.
Career 1 Medical and Health Services Manager
If you want to take your leadership skills into the growing health care field，consider pursuing a career as a medical and health services manager.
As a medical and health services manager you might plan，direct，and organize health services in an entire health care facility，or a specific department or clinical area，says U．S. Department of Labor.Daily duties could include handling a facility's finances，creating work schedules，and making sure that health care services are delivered efficiently.
Career 2
Medical Assistant
If you are interested in working in a doctor's office，consider preparing for a career in the indemand field of medical assisting.
As a medical assistant，you could play a role in helping patients' visits go smoothly from when they first walk in the door.Your duties might include measuring vital signs，assisting the physician with examinations，recording health information，and scheduling appointments，according to the U．S. Department of Labor.
Career 3
Registered Nurse
Ready to put your helpful nature to use in the largest health care field？Look into prepping to pursue a career in registered nursing.
As a registered nurse，you could work closely with patients by providing care，education，and emotional support.You might give patients medicines and treatments，observe their conditions，or perform diagnostic(诊断的)tests，says the U．S. Department of Labor.
Career 4 Physical Therapist Assistant
Want to enter an indemand health care field where you could really play a handson role in helping patients restore their physical functionality？If so，a career as a physical therapist assistant could be a good fit.
Under the supervision of a physical therapist，you could help patients regain movement as they recover from injuries，illnesses，or surgery.Your role in the rehabilitation process could include assisting patients with techniques(massage，stretching)and therapeutic methods like electrical stimulation and mechanical traction，says the U．S. Department of Labor.
Career 5 Pharmacy Technician
Prefer a health care career that is less handson？Consider pursuing a career in the growing pharmacy technician field.
Pharmacy technicians can be responsible for counting pills，filling prescriptions，providing
customer service，and fulfilling administrative tasks under the supervision of a licensed pharmacist，according to the U．S. Department of Labor.
【语篇导读】 本文客观介绍了关于卫生保健中五种职业。
1．As a medical assistant，your duties might NOT include ________.
A．assisting the physician with examinations
B．recording health information
C．scheduling appointments
D．providing customer service
解析 细节理解题。根据职业二医务助理我们可以判断出答案。
答案 D
2．Which of the following is TRUE about a physical therapist assistant?
A．He/She can help patients gain movement as they are in the illness.
B．His/Her function includes assisting patients and providing customer service.
C．His/Her duty might include measuring vital signs and recording health information.
D．He/She could play a practical role in helping patients restore their physical functionality.
解析 推理判断题。根据职业四助理理疗师中的第一段，可得出答案D。
答案 D
3．What does the underlined word “rehabilitation” mean?
A．The process of improving or becoming stronger.
B．The process of cutting a part of a person's body in order to remove or repair a damaged part.
C．The process of recording somebody's name on an official list.
D．The process of helping somebody to have a normal life again after they have been ill for a long time.
解析 猜测词义题。根据上下文我们可以猜测出这个单词的意思是“康复，恢复”。
答案 D
4．What is vital for physical therapist assistants and pharmacy technicians to perform their duties?
A．The nature of helping others.
B．Knowledge of medicine and health care.
C．The ability of interpersonal communication.
D．The supervision of a licensed doctor.
解析 细节理解题。根据职业四助理理疗师中的第二段第一句和职业五药品技师的第二段可知，虽然A、B、C三项都是成为医药工作者所必须的素质，但是最关键的前提是有带执照的医师的监督，故选D。
答案 D
5．The author writes the passage mainly to ________.
A．introduce five booming careers in health care
B．persuade you to go into five booming careers in health care
C．advocate five booming careers in health care
D．classify health care into five careers
解析 主旨大意题。本文客观介绍了关于卫生保健中五种职业，并没有劝说读者去从事这些工作。
答案 A
Passage
2
体裁：记叙文 话题：逸闻趣事 时间：7分钟
There was once a tiny country that was suffering from a long drought.It had gone so long without rain that the people there were starting to go hungry because of the bad harvests.
It just so happened that a group of musicians were traveling the country，trying to make a living from their concerts.But with so many problems in the land，no one felt like listening to music.“But music can help overcome any problems，” said the musicians，without anyone paying them the slightest attention.
So the musicians tried to find out the reason it wouldn't rain.It was very strange，because the sky was overcast，but no one could provide an answer.
“It's been cloudy like this for many months，but not a single drop of rain has fallen，” people told them.
“Don't worry，we'll bring rain to the country，” the musicians responded，and they began rehearsing for a concert at the summit of the highest mountain.
Everyone who heard the music was seized by curiosity and went up the mountain.And the conductor of this strange orchestra gave the order，and the musicians began to play.
From their instruments came small，playful musical notes that rose and rose into the clouds.The music was so joyous，happy and fun，and the notes started playing with the clouds' soft，fluffy bellies，running here and there，up and down，and the whole sky turned into one big game of tickle torture.Before long，the giant clouds were thundering with laughter.
