【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
B completed作后置定语修饰the Town Hall, 表被动且已完成。相当于定语从句which/ that was completed。选C错误，因为现在分词完成时不能作限定性后置定语。
They got ______ after returning from the big party last week.
A. separate
B. separating
C. separated
D. to separate 【考点6】“get/become 及其他系动词＋过去分词”表示被动，构成系表结构。
C “get ＋过去分词”为固定系表结构。get separated (分离)。类似结构还有get dressed“穿着”， get married“结婚”， get changed “换衣服”。
______ to achieve high grades in the final examination, he tried to study harder and harder.
A. Being determining
B. Determined
C. To determine
D. Determine
【考点7】形式被动意义表主动的短语一般都由be ＋v.ed＋介词或少量的不定式组成，如be faced with(面临)，be determined to do(下决心干)，be caught in(遇上), be devoted to (致力于), be known for(因……出名)，be lost in(陷于，埋头于) 等等。在句中作状语时只需去掉be。
B be determined to do作状语时，be 不要。
it is said/ reported/ believed/ known/ suggested/ considered/ hoped/ thought …that…
The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Bolt at the Bird's Nest, who was reported ______ the world record in the running races.
A. breaking
B. having broken
C. to have broken
D. to break 【考点8】当句子的谓语为say, believe, report, expect, think, know, consider, suggest等动词时，被动语态有两种形式：1. 谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补；2. 用it作形式主语，真正主语在后面用主语从句来表示。类似句型有：
C 表示据报道用be reported ＋不定式。此处用不定式完成时表动作已发生。此句中的后一分句我们也可以这样改写：It was reported that Bolt had broken the world record in the running races.
C 根据上句must have been可知trip发生在过去，因此第二句选用一般过去时took。句意：——那一定是一个长久的旅行。——是啊，我们花了一整周才到达那儿。
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作，常与时间状语this time last year, that time, last night或由when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句等连用。
过去进行时与副词always, constantly, continually, forever等连用时表示赞美或讨厌的感情色彩。 【考点4】过去完成时与一般过去时
By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ______ from college. (2011·辽宁卷) A. graduated
B. has graduated C. had been graduating
D. had graduated
D 从句动作是过去时，主句动作发生在过去的过去，因此用过去完成时。
过去完成时表示过去某时间或某动作之前已经发生的事情或存在的状态，即：过去的过去。持续性动词的过去式常与since＋时间点、for＋时间段、when/before＋过去时的从句、by/before＋过去时间等状语连用。
(1)动词expect, hope, suppose, think, want等的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、计划或打算等。
(2)过去完成时用于某些特殊结构
① It / This / That was the first / second time (that)＋过去完成时
② It was＋段时间＋since＋过去完成时
③ no sooner …than …或hardly …when …的主句谓语要用过去完成时
④ 含“by＋过去时间点”或“by the time＋一般过去时”的句子常用过去完成时
【考点5】现在完成时与现在完成进行时 — You look so tired, what have you been doing?
— We have been discussing the problem but we ______ a conclusion yet.
A. haven't drawn
B. have been drawing
C. didn't draw
D. weren't drawing
A 根据前后语境可知，到目前为止我们还没有达成结论，尽管我们到现在为止一直在讨论问题。yet一般与完成时连用。
现在完成进行时由“have/has ＋ been＋现在分词”构成，表示从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作；现在完成时表示动作已完成。
【考点6】一般将来时与将来进行时 — Ring me at six tomorrow morning, will you?
— Why that early? I ______. (2011·杭州二中高三仿真卷)
A. will be sleeping
B. have slept
C. have been sleeping
D. will sleep
A 将来进行时表示将来的某个时间某人正在做某事。
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，或在现在看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态，常与时间状语tomorrow, next week, in a few days等连用。
将来进行时表示将来某时间正在发生的动作，或将来某时间可能会发生的事情。
一般将来时强调打算、计划、安排，而将来进行时强调客观的可能性或主观的决心、意志。
will / shall与be going to的区别：
① be going to可用于条件状语从句表示将来，而shall / will一般不可。
② 迹象表明要发生某事，只用be going to。
③ 若强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，用be going to；说话时的临时决定，则用will / shall。
1. 双宾语动词的被动语态
She was ______ the bike for 25 dollars，but she wouldn't take it.
A. provided
B. supplied
C. offered
D. gave 动词的语态
【考点1】两种特殊的被动语态
C offer 作“出价，开价”讲，常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money两种搭配。此处是将后者用于被动语态中。
英语中有些动词可以有两个宾语，如： give, buy, bring, show, pass, offer, lend, leave, tell, write, sing, teach等，这些动词用于被动结构时，可以将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，而另一个宾语仍保留在谓语后面。如： He bought me many books. → I was bought many books. 或 Many books were bought for me. 2. 短语动词的被动语态 — Why does Lingling look so unhappy? — She ______ by her classmates.
A. has laughed
B. has laughed at
C. has been laughed
D. has been laughed at 【考点1】两种特殊的被动语态
D 由by短语可知该用被动语态，即可排除A、B。laugh是不及物动词，没有被动语态，而laugh at才是及物动词短语，可用被动语态。
短语动词是由“动词＋介词”， “动词＋名词＋介词”等结构构成的动词短语，在被动语态结构中，不能漏掉其后的介词。 — Shall we go fishing tomorrow? — Sounds great, but with so much homework ______， I really can't afford the time.
A. done
B. to do
C. being done
D. doing 【考点2】主动表被动的若干情形
B “with＋宾语＋不定式”结构中的不定式表示将来，且常用主动表被动。
1. 系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动。
2. 英语中有些动词如： open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等，当主语是物，且又表示主语的特征和状态时，要用主动形式表被动含义。
3. 不定式to blame用作表语，通常用主动表被动。
4. “主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词常见的有： convenient, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, hard, easy, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant等。
5. 不定式用于某些动词(如： have, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式。
6. 在“with＋宾语＋不定式”结构中，不定式表示将来的动作，且其逻辑主语是句子的主语，该不定式常用主动表被动。
7. be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。
be worthy却不一样，其后常接不定式的被动式或of＋动名词的被动式。
8. 表示“需要”的动词need, want, require或动词deserve(“应受，应得，值得”)后的动名词用主动式表被动意义。但这些动词后的动名词若改为不定式则要用被动式表被动。 Great changes ______ in the city and a lot of factories ______. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 【考点3】不及物动词和有些及物动词(短语)无被动语态
B take place 为不及物动词短语，一般不用被动语态，即可排除A、C、D。
常见的没有被动语态的动词(短语)有： occur, take place, happen, break out, belong to, appear, disappear, cost, last, agree with等。
If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters. (2011·浙江卷)
A. being cheered
B. be cheered
C. to be cheered
D. were cheered 【考点4】作状语的动词被动语态
C 考查知识点为非谓语动词，因此首先排除B和D(前面已经有are going to tour，又没有连词，不可能出现两个独立谓语。)A和C都表示被动，区别在于动名词being done表示抽象、经常性、已发生的，而动词不定式to be done表示具体、一次性、将发生的。根据整个句子(条件状语从句，而且还是虚拟语气)，这里用to be done表目的。句意：如果他们今晚赢得了决赛，整队将在热情的粉丝欢呼下周游这个城市。
The Town Hall ______ in the 1800's was the most distinguished building at that time.
A. completing
B. completed
C. having been completed
D. to have been completed 【考点5】作后置定语的动词被动语态 单项填空
第10课时
时态与语态 二
1. — Why do you want to work for our company?
— This is the job that I ______ for. (2010·重庆卷)
A. looked
B. am to look
C. had looked
D. have been looking
D 由句意“这就是我一直寻找的工作”可知用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某个时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去。 思路点拨
2. Look at the pride on Tom's face. He ______ to have been
praised
by the manager just now. (2011·重庆卷)
A. seemed
B. seems
C. had seemed
D. is seeming
B 考查时态。根据上文Look at the pride on Tom's face.可以确定是现在的情况，故用一般现在时。
思路点拨
3. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who ______ the piano upstairs? (2011·重庆卷)
A. has played
B. played
C. plays
D. is playing
D 考查时态。根据语境，“这首曲子听起来很熟悉”，说明这首钢琴曲正在被弹奏。 思路点拨
英语中，动词有十六种时态，而一般要求考生掌握十种时态，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时以及现在完成进行时。
动词的时态
【考点1】一般现在时与现在进行时
Planning so far ahead ______ no sense — so many things will have changed by next year. (2011·全国新课标卷)
A. made
B. is making
C. makes
D. has made
C 句意：提前计划没有意义，明年很多事情将会发生变化。此项用一般现在时表明这一客观事实。选项A一般过去时，选项B现在进行时，选项D现在完成时都与接下来的一句语境不符。
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或不依时间的变化而发生变化的动作。时刻表上安排的将要进行的事情也可用一般现在时表示。
现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，或现阶段一直进行的动作。非持续性动词(如： go, come, leave, die 等)的现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。
(1)在以when, until (till), as soon as, by the time, after, before等引导的时间状语从句或以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句以及由no matter when, however, even if等引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
(2)always, often, constantly, frequently, forever等副词和现在进行时连用，表达说话人的某种感情，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译为“老是、总是”。
(3)某些动词的现在进行时可表示计划或安排好了的将来动作。常见的这类动词有： go, come, leave, arrive, start, take off等。
(4)状态动词不用于进行时态，但being＋ 动态形容词， 有时可表示在某一特定时刻人们的活动和行为。
I am just being curious.
Mary is being modest now.
【考点2】现在完成时与一般过去时
It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school. (2011·湖南卷)
A. attended
B. had attended
C. am attending
D. have attended
D 句意：自从我来了学校以后，这是我听过的最有教育意义的一场讲座。这里考查了定语从句和时态两个知识点。因为前面的谓语动词是is，并且谈论的是从过去开始持续到现在的一段时间里发生的动作，所以用现在完成时。
现在完成时强调过去发生的事情一直延续到现在的情况，或者过去发生的事情对现在的影响或结果。属于现在时态的范畴。表示延续性的动作时常用“since＋时间点/for＋时间段”作状语；而表示非持续性的动作时常用副词already, yet, ever,
just, never等作状语。
一般过去时表示在过去时间里已经发生的动作，常与过去时间状语yesterday, last week, in 2003, three days ago等连用。
相同点：都表示动作发生在过去。
不同点：现在完成时表示与现在有关；一般过去时表示与现在无关。
(1)比较、区别have gone to(去了)与have been to(去过)的不同用法。
(2)现在完成时一般不与具体的过去时间状语或when连用。
(3)短暂性动词的完成时一般不与段时间状语连用。
(4)在It / This / That is the first / second time (that) …结构中， that引导的从句常用现在完成时；如果It/This/That was the first/second…time则用过去完成时。 【考点3】过去进行时与一般过去时 — That must have been a long trip.
— Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011·北京卷)
A. takes
B. has taken
C. took
D. was taking
