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非谓语动词讲练（教师版）
第一课时
（一）非谓语动词的句法功能： 充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分
成分类别 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补
不定式[(to)+ v] √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 [Ｖ-ing] √ √ √ √
现在分词[Ｖ-ing]
过去分词[Ｖ-ed]
√ √ √ √
（二）非谓语动词的分类，意义，构成：
非谓语形式 构成 特征和作用
时态和语态 否定式 复合结构
不定式 to do
to have done
to be doing
to have been doing to be done
to have been done 在非谓语前加notnever
特别注意：
not having done;
one’s not doing / one’s not having done for sb. to do sth.
of sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词的作用; 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语
动名词 doing
having done being done
having been done
sb. / sb’s doing
作主语sb’s doing 具有名词的作用;在句中做主、宾、定和表语
分词 现在分词 doing
having done being done
having been done
具有副词和形容词的作用; 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语
过去分词 done
Ⅰ、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别：
一个单句只能有一个谓语，两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性；不用 and 连接时，只能用非谓语动词。如：
2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods.
（04上海春季）
A. seizing, disappeared
B. seized, disappeared
C. seizing, disappearing
D. seized, disappearing
seized 和 took 是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。
Ⅱ、非谓语动词作主语，注意以下两个重要问题：
第一 是并行结构问题 ，即主表一致性
如：Seeing is believing.
/
To see is to believe.
第二 需要注意的一些结构：
A) It’s no use (no good) doing sth.
如：It’s no use quarrelling with such a fellow .
B) 在 It’s + adj. 结构中基本用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：
It’s easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary…) + for sb. to do
It’s kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful,
thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的),mean(卑鄙的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do
Ⅲ、非谓语动词作表语
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
(99 N)
A. not make
B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及 not to make it more difficult 都作 purpose 的表语。
注意两个问题:
To see is to believe
二是时间问题：一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的（aim, purpose）、愿望(wish, hope)、梦想(dream)、需求(need)”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。
My job is teaching.
My dream of life is to become a scientist.
另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。
现在分词说明主语所具有的性质或特征：The speech was inspiring.
过去分词多表示主语所处的状态或表被动：The students were greatly inspired.
Ⅳ、非谓语动词作定语
位置：单个分词做定语通常放在名词前，其余均放在名词后。
Do you know the student seated /sitting at the back of the classroom?
Have you read the news referring to house prices?
the concerned parents
忧心的家长
the parents concerned
相关的家长
高考题点击：
1. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
（04上海）
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语修主语flowers。
2. A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night.
（04江苏）
A. advised
B. attended
C. attempted
D. admitted
“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。
3. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (2000 北京春季)
A. having hung
B. hanging
C. hangs
D. being hung
hang 作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang
为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。
非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：
A) 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；a sleeping child,
B) 动名词作定语时只表示用途、功能等意义；a sleeping bag,
C) 不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：
在 ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名词后；
由序数词,only, last, next 或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语；如：
I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.
He is always the first / the last one to leave the office.
D) 表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：
done 表示已经完成的动作：meeting held已经召开的会议
to be done 表示尚未开始的动作：a meeting to be held
即将召开的会议
being done
表示正在进行之中的动作：a meeting being held
正在召开的会议
Ⅴ 、非谓语动词作宾语注意点
1. How about the two of us ___ a walk down the garden?
(93 N)
A. to take
B. take
C. taking
D. to be taking
介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但是介词but/ except作‘除了’时可接不定式。
2. I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. （2005天津）
A. to sound
B. to be sounded
C. sounding
D. to have sounded
3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what _____ in my new job.
(2000 N)
A. expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,
refuse, offer,
promise, decide,
determine,
intend,
manage,
fail,
hope,
expect,
long,
wish,
tend,
desire,
plan,
pretend, 等；
注意2：动词 know, show 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。
注意3：在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。consider / feel / think / find / make it + n./adj. + to do sth.
例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time.
4. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island.
(01 上海)
A. to have had time B. having time
C. to have time
D. to having time
仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit
advocate(提倡) appreciate
avoid
delay
enjoy
escape excuse prevent
finish
imagine
mind
miss
practise
resist
risk
suggest
stand
forgive
keep
allow
permit
forbid
advise
可以用以下口诀进行记忆：
背景为你刚到一个新的单位。
避免错过欣赏，禁止推迟完成，继续忍受否认，承认盼望原谅，想象训练冒险，不禁介意空想，
建议考虑逃亡。
但如果在 allow
permit
forbid
advise后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。如：allow sb to do sth
在动词 want, need, require, deserve 等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。
如：want doing = want to be done
5. --- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. --- Well, now I regret _____ that.
(95 N)
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. to have done
D. having done
6. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _______ at the party, but not ______（2005北京）
A. to arrive; leaving
B. to arrive, to leave
C. arriving; leaving
D. arriving; to leave
7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour.
(02 上海春季)
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. wait
D. to be waiting
特别注意：
带不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, stop
stop to do
停止手中事，去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在做的事
remember/forget/regret to do （指动作尚未发生）
remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）
try to do
（设法，努力去做，尽力）
try doing
（试试去做，看有何结果）
mean to do（打算做，有意做）
mean doing （意味着）
go on to do（接着做另外一件事）
go on doing（接着做同一件事）
can’t help (to) do
（不能帮忙做）
can’t help doing / can’t help but do
（忍不住要做）
要特别注意to的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式to。
8. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____some schools for poor children. (01 上海春季)
A. set up
B. setting up
C. have set up
D. having set up
9. --- How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
--- The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____by the customers.
(02 北京)
A. to solving … making B. to solving … made
C. to solve … making D. to solve … made
要特别注意 to 的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。
be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to，stick to， turn to ，devote oneself to，be devoted to，
look forward to，pay attention to,
get down to，contribute to, lead to 等
非谓语动词（教师版）
第二课时
用动词的适当形式填空：
1.The young couple seated/sitting (seat/ sit) in front of me kept on talking during the film.
2.No one can stand being treated (treat) like this. He is so rude.
3.What will you do when you feel betrayed (betray) by your friend?
4.The flowers smelling (smell) in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
5. I don’t want to sound(sound) like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
6. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what to expect in my new job.
7. How about the two of us taking(take) a walk down the garden?
8. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting (set) up some schools for poor children.
9. They are accustomed to not talking (not talk) at meals.
10.As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not moving (move), and asked myself what I was going to do.
11. What do you think of the meeting held(held) yesterday.
12. The purpose of the activity is to teach(teach) the students how to cooperate with their teammates.
13. Women were forbidden to vote(vote) in that country by law.
14. The problem requires considering/to be considered(consider) again.
15. 判断正误：
Having not realized that he was in danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
Not having realized that he was in danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
Ⅵ 、非谓语动词作宾（主）补
做宾补的非 谓 语 常 见 动 词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句
不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成。 The teacher encouraged me to work hard.
have(), notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make sb. do sth.
I heard him call me several times.
Who would you like to have do the experiment?
现在分词 notice, see, watch, hear, find, have(), feel, keep, leave sb/sth doing/done
主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio.
He has the machine running all the time.
I won’t have my students cheating in the exam. ()
过去分词
动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态 We found the village greatly changed.
She was surprised that the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again.
I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听到她唱了一首英文歌。
(sing 是不带to 的不定式，做宾补，表主动、完成)
I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room yesterday.昨天经过她的房间的时候，我听见她在唱英文歌。
（singing 是现在分词一般主动式作宾补，表主动，正在进行）
