【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
三、变化原则 1．直接引语：直接引用别人的原话叫做直接引语，直接引
语通常置于引号内(“引用原话”)。
“What is it all about？”“究竟是什么事呢？”
“Nothing serious，just a storm in a teacup.” “没有什么，
大惊小怪而已。”
2．间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的意思，或引用自己说
过的话，都叫做间接引语。间接引语多数用宾语从句来
表达。
He said that his hands were quite full at that moment.他
说那时他忙得不可开交。
3．直接引语和间接引语的转换
(1)转述陈述句或感叹句去标点符号和引号，用say that接
宾语从句，said后从句中人称、时态等要作相应的变化。
She said，“I am going to the market.”
She said (that) she was going to the market.
“What an interesting novel！”she said.
She said that it was such an interesting novel.
(2)转述一般或反意疑问句去标点符号和引号。用 if/whether接宾语从句，改用陈述句语序。从句中人称、时 态等要作相应的变化。 He asked，“You are a native，aren’t you？” He asked (me) if/whether I was a native. (3)转述选择疑问句去标点符号和引号，接whether...or引导 的宾语从句，改用陈述句语序，从句中人称、时态等要作 相应的变化。 He said，“Is this car Mr.Green’s or Mr.Brown’s？” He asked (me) whether that car was Mr.Green’s or
Mr.Brown’s. (4)转述特殊疑问句，去标点符号和引号，由原疑问词引导 宾语从句，改用陈述句语序，从句中人称、时态等要作相 应的变化。 She said，“Where are you going？” She asked (me) where I was going.
语法专练 Ⅰ.句型转换。把下列句子变为间接引语。 1．He said，“I’ve left my book in my room.” →________________________________________________ 2．She said，“He will be busy.” →________________________________________________ 3．She said to Tom，“Can you help me？” →________________________________________________ 4．She asked，“Is this book yours or his？” →________________________________________________ 5．The teacher asked，“How did you repair it？” →________________________________________________ He told me that he had left his book in his room.
She said that he would be busy.
She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.
She asked me whether that book was mine or his.
The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.
6．The teacher said to the students，“Don’t waste your
time.” → ______________________________________________ 7．The mother said，“Tom，get up early，please.” →______________________________________________ 8．The teacher said，“The earth goes round the sun.” →______________________________________________ 9．My father said，“Practice makes perfect.” →______________________________________________ 10．The boy said to us，“ I usually get up at six every day.” →______________________________________________ The teacher told the students not to waste their time.
The mother asked Tom to get up early.
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
My father said practice makes perfect.
The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.
Ⅱ.单项填空 1．He said，“I am living with my brother.”
He said that ________ was living with his brother.
A．I
B．you
C．he
D．they
答案：C 2．He said，“You are sure to get a warm welcome there.”
He said that we ________ sure to get a warm welcome there.
A．am
B．was
C．were
D．are
答案：C 3．She says，“Something is wrong with my bike.”
She says that something is wrong with ________ bike.
A．my
B．a
C．his
D．her
答案：D 4．He has said，“I will not do so again.”
He has said that he ________ not do so again.
A．will
B．must
C．would
D．do
答案：A 5．The teacher said，“My son had the same experience as
the little boy.”
The teacher said that his son had ________ the same
experience as the little boy.
A．been
B．have
C．had
D．done
答案：C 1．The students asked ________.
A．when is the sports meeting going to be held
B．when the sports meeting is going to be held
C．if was the sports meeting going to be held
D．if the sports meeting was going to be held
解析：题意：“学生问是否要举办运动会。”A、B
是时态不合适；C是语序不对，故答案是D。
答案：D
2．—Do you know ________？
—Yes，he works in a hospital.
A．where does Tom work
B．where Tom works
C．what does Tom do
D．what Tom does
解析：题意：“你知道Tom在哪儿工作吗？”“是的，他在
医院工作。”A、C语序不对，D是说“Tom是干什么工作”，
和答语不符，故答案是B。
答案：B 3．—I saw Dave in the lift this morning.
—Really？He ________ around here for a long time.
A．won’t be seen
B．wasn’t seen
C．hasn’t been seen
D．hadn’t been seen
解析：题意：“今天早上我在电梯里见到了Dave。”“真
的吗？我好长时间在这儿都没看见过他。”考查时态，谈
话是过去的语境，不可用A、C，题干中有for a long
time当然答案是D。
答案：D
4．—He has to finish the experiment today.He must be
in the lab，________？
—That’s quite possible.
A．mustn’t he
B．won’t he
C．doesn’t he
D．isn’t he
解析：此题考查反意疑问句。must，can表推测时变
反意疑问句，不能用must或者can，而要把句子还原
成正常时态，然后再找助动词。此句还原成正常时
态为：He is in the lab，所以D项是正确答案。
答案：D 5．—It took me ten years to build up my business，and it
almost killed me.
—Well，you know what they say？________.
A．There is no smoke without fire
B．Practice makes perfect
C．All roads lead to Rome
D．No pains，no gains
解析：考查交际用语中的语意逻辑。句意：——我花了十年
的时间才成立我的公司，我几乎给累垮了。——句意：你知
道人们怎么说？不劳无获。
答案：D
拓展提升：汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处， 但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。我 们要力求用英语思维，避免母语的干扰，要根据英语的交 际习惯来应答。 【例1】 American Indians ________ about five percent of the
U．S.population.
(2008·浙江，14)
A．fill up
B．bring up
C．make up
D．set up
【解题方法指导】 考查词组辨析。句意：美洲印第安人大
约占美国总人口的5%。此处make up表示“组成；构成”。
fill up表示“填满”；bring up表示“抚养；提出”；set
up表示“建立”。
答案：C
教材原文对照
Make up information about yourself.
(P24) 【例2】 Over the past decades，sea ice ________ in the
Arctic as a result of global warming.
(2009·浙江，9)
A．had decreased
B．decreased
C．has been decreasing
D．is decreasing
【解题方法指导】 句意：在过去几十年里，由于全球
变暖，北极的海冰一直在减少。由时间状语Over the
past decades可知，主句只能用现在完成时，故选C。
答案：C
教材原文对照
Jobs in farming,coal mining and heavy industry are
decreasing rapidly.
(P28) 【例3】 The little girl who got lost decided to remain ________
she was and wait for her mother.
(2009·山东，28)
A．where
B．what
C．how
D．who
【解题方法指导】 句意：那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等
她的母亲。where引导地点状语从句。
答案：A
教材原文对照
Working like this allows you to live where you want,…
(P28) 【例4】 My parents live in a small village.They always keep
candles in the house ________ there is a power out.
A．if
B．unless
C．in case
D．so that
【解题方法指导】 考查状语从句的引导词。句意：……
他们总是在家里储备蜡烛以备停电之需。in case引导状
语从句，意为“以防，万一，唯恐”。
答案：C
教材原文对照
Work with more than one program in case you have to use
them at work,and try to tead about new technology.
(P28) 4.pay off
得到好的结果；取得成功；还清；偿清；结清工资解雇
(某人)
【精讲拓展】
pay 生利；有……收益；值得(麻烦)；合算
pay back报复，偿还；偿付；报答
pay for 付款；为……付出代价
pay a visit 访问
pay attention to 注意
【典型例句】
We finally paid off the mortgage on our house.我们终于把房子
的抵押贷款还清了。
[美国传统]
One day I’ll pay him back for all the pain he’s caused me.
总有一天我会叫他为给我造成的一切痛苦付出代价。
[美国传统]
It pays to be on time.准时有好处。
[美国传统]
完成句子 Can you lend me some money—I can ________ ________
________ tomorrow. 你能借给我点儿钱吗？我明天就可以还给你。 I’ll certainly ________ ________ for what you did to me！ 你那样对待我，我一定要回敬你的！ It will ________ in the long run if the setting off
firecrackers is effectively banned in the cities. 从长远来看，在城市里真正有效地禁放鞭炮，是值得的。 答案：pay it back pay back pay
5．as/so long as只要；和……一样长
【精讲拓展】
as...as...像……一样
as...as possible/one can 尽可能地……
as soon as 一…… 就
as well as 和……一样好；不但……而且
as many / much as...与……一样多
【典型例句】
He lived abroad as long as five years.他住在国外长达五年之久。
I’ll go on the camping trip as long as you lend me a tent.
只要你借给我一顶帐篷，我就去露营。
[美国传统]
As long as you’re offering，I accept.既然你主动提出，我就接
受。
[美国传统]
【词语辨析】 only if/as long as (1)only if可视为if的加强说法，即其中的 only 是修饰 if 从 句的，其意为“只有在……条件下”。 I’ll accept the bill only if you send it to my home address. 你必须把账单送到我住的地方，我才愿意偿付。 (2)从语气上看，only if 的语气要比as long as 强，as long
as 通常只是用于提出一个条件，与if 的意思比较接近； 而only if 引出的从句内容则通常暗示它是主句内容的唯一 条件，含有“只有……才……”“只有在……的时候”“…… 唯一的条件是……”之意。 You can borrow the book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你不把书弄脏，这书你就可以借。 We can succeed only if everyone in the team pulls his weight. 我们全队只有人人各尽所能才能取得成功。 注意：if only表示“但愿”“要是……就好了”，此时多与虚拟语气连用。 If only I were rich.要是我很有钱就好了。 If only I hadn’t told him about it.要是我没有告诉他这事就好了。
You may use the room as you like ________ you clean it
up afterwards.
(2009·北京，22) A．so far as
B．so long as
C．in case
D．even if 解析：句意：你可以使用这个房间，只要你用后打扫干 净。so long as＝as long as 只要，符合题意。 答案：B
My parents don’t mind what job I do ________ I am
happy.
(2009·陕西，13) A．even though
B．as soon as
C．as long as
D．as though 解析：句意：我父母不在乎我从事什么样的工作，只要我 高兴就好。本题考查状语从句。as long as只要，引导让 步状语从句。 答案：C
Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost
________ his.
(2009·辽宁，33) A．as much twice as
B．twice as much as C．much as twice as
D．as twice much as 解析：句意：彼得的夹克衫看起来和杰克的一样，但价钱 却是他的两倍。考查倍数表达法：倍数＋as＋原级＋as。 答案：B —Do you have a minute？I’ve got something to tell you. —OK，________ you make it short.
(2008·安徽，31) A．now that
B．if only
C．so long as
D．every time 解析：句意：——你有时间么？我有事要和你说。——好 的，只要你长话短说。so long as只要，表示条件，符合题 意。if only要是……就好了。 答案：C
6．in case 以防，万一
【精讲拓展】
In case of...假使，以防(后接词组)
In any case无论如何
In no case绝不
In this/that case如果是这样、那样
In the case of...就…… 而言
【典型例句】
In case she comes back，let me know immediately.
假使她回来了，立刻告诉我。
In case that it rains，you’d better take an umbrella.
以防下雨，你最好带上一把雨伞。
I’ll keep some of these unused things in case.
我要保留一些不用的东西，以备急需。
In any case，we will have to leave soon.
无论如何，我们必须马上走。
[美国传统]
即学即用 ________ anybody calls while I am away，please write down his
name and address. A．If
B．Should
C．Could
D．In case Leave your key with a neighbour ________ you lock youself out
one day.
(2007·北京，33) A．ever since
B．even if C．soon after
D．in case 答案：D D 重点句型 1．The_instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went
out of the room.
