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3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列
专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气
【2024年高考命题预测】
高考研究英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；特别是注意情态动词+完成式是高考中的重点所在。
高考中的虚拟语气一般与情态动词结合进行考查。每年高考试题中都会出现一定的题目。
2024考纲解读和近几年考点分布
情态动词是各地高考试题中的必考项目，每年高考单独命题区单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。新课标卷主要在语法填空和短文改错中考查。考点依次是：推测(可能性)→请求/允许→必要性→特殊用法。试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。
命题规律
一、
二、近几年，情态动词重点考查情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法，以及情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”方面的用法。
【考点pk】
名师考点透析
虚拟语气考点透析
考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法
1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be动词用were）+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如：
①If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party.
A.couldn’t
B.shouldn’t
C.can’t
D.might not
3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如：
If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A.would
B.could
C.had to
D.ought to
考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句
在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如：
It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A.wouldn’t have fallen
B.had not fallen
C.should fall
D.were to fall
考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气
在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如：
—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York？
—I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to.
A.will not be sent；that
B.not be sent；that
C.should not be sent；what
D.should not send；what
情态动词考点透析
考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查
情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如：
1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______get out.
A. had to
B. would
C. was able to
D. could
2. —Jim is very sick these days．He coughs so badly,
—In my opinion, he really ____ listen to the doctor and cut down on smoking．
A．should
B．can
C．may
D．eed
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查情态动词用法。句意：——吉姆这些天病得厉害，咳嗽不止。——依我看，他真的应该听医生话，少吸些烟。根据语境“吉姆这些天病得厉害，咳嗽不止”推断，说话者会认为“吉姆应该听医生的话，少吸些烟”，故空格中应该填should，表示“应该；理应”。
3. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman______be so rude to a lady .
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. would
【解析】should 表示说话人感情，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等。在此句中表示说话人一种惊奇的语气。 句意为：你不可能想象出体面的绅士竟然对一位女士那么粗鲁。答案是 C。
分析：高考对情态动词基本含义的考查，仍然集中在常用的情态动词上。对常用情态动词的含义，要掌握的既准确又要全面，特别是shall, should, can, may 四个常用情态动词的含义较多，不易理解，复习时应当引起重视。
二、情态动词表示推测的考查
2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he______your lecture.
A. couldn’t have attended
B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended
D. shouldn’t have attended
3.Mr Bush is on time for everything. How______it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
A. can
B. should
C. may
D. must
【解析】can表示可能性。布什先生按时做一切事，他怎么可能开幕式迟到呢？答案是：A。
4.I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter?
—It______true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be
B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be
D. mustn’t be
may not be : 可能不是；won’t be：不会是；couldn’t be：不可能是； mustn’t be ：一定不是。根据提供情境there was little snow 说明山里滑雪是件不可能的事，may not 语气不如couldn’t强。答案是：C。
分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在must, can, could, may, might上，准确掌握它们使用的场合，是解决问题的关键。Must 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测；can, could用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能性推测；may, might用于陈述句，表示可能性推测；用于否定陈述句中，can’t （不可能）的语气比may not（可能不）强。此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测,对过去推测用情态动词+have done ，对现在推测用情态动词+ 动词原形。
三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查
情态动词＋have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。
1. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You______come, but why didn’t you?
A. must have
B. should
C. need have
D. ought to have
3.Oh, I‘m not feeling well in the stomach. I______so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查
1.Tom ,you didn’t come to the party last night?
—I______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do .
A. had to
B. didn’t
C. was going to
D. wouldn’t
2.Your phone number again? I______quite catch it .
—It’s 86184867.
A. didn’t
B. couldn’t
C. don’t
D. can’t
【解析】记住电话号码并非难事，未完全听清楚电话号码并非能力的事，此处只是说没有完全听清楚电话号码，所以，应选A。
【三年高考】
1、1高考试题及其解析
【单项填空】
1.【2024·北京】31. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t
B. mustn’t
C. wouldn’t
D. shouldn’t
.【2024·北京】34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.
A. told
B. had told
C. were to tell
D. would tell
.【2024·江苏】27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be C. were not to be
D. should not have been
.【2024·天津】5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. needn’t
.【2024·天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.
A. were injured
B. would be injured
C. had been injured
D. would have been injured
.【2024·浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen
B. would not fall
C. did not fall
D. would not have fallen
.【2024·浙江】17. George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .
A. must have gone
B. might have gone
C. can't have gone
D. needn't have gone
【2024·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Truly elegant chopsticks might
42
(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
【2024·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
1.【2024·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.
A .may
B .can
C . must
D .dare
2.【2024·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A . didn’t see
B. weren’t seeing
C. wouldn’t see
D. hadn’t seen
3.【2024·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
didn’t write
B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write
D. wouldn’t have written
4.【2024·重庆】12. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must
B. can
C. will
D. shall
5.【2024·浙江】4.
It was so noisy that we
hear ourselves speak.
A. couldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t
D needn’t
6.【2024·天津】7.
I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
A. mightn’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. couldn’t
7.【2024·天津】13.
I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
A. will be
B. would be
C. have been
D. had been
8.【2024·四川】2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!
A .must
B. may
C. can
D. will
9.【2024·陕西】21. You
feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
A. should
B. need
C. shall
D. may
10.【2024·陕西】23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I
as well as her.
A. dance
B. will dance
C. had danced
D. danced
11.【2024·福建】27.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You have made full preparations.
must B. can C. would D. should
12.【2024·江苏】28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A. did I know
B. have I known
C. do I know
D. had I known
13.【2024·安徽】32.It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.
A. had
B. had had
C. would have
D. would have had
2024年高考英语试题
1.【2024·全国大纲卷】30.Although you ______ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop.
A. should
B. need
C. must
D. can
2.【2024·重庆卷】3. I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
A. can’t
B. dare not
C. needn’t
D. may not
3.【2024·重庆卷】10. --- I spent two weeks in London last summer.
--- Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, _______ you?
A. mustn’t
B. haven’t
C. didn’t
D. hadn’t
4.【2024·重庆卷】13. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _______ it?
A. had done
B. have done
C. did
D. am doing
5.【2024·北京卷】34. We __________
back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
6.【2024·北京卷】_______ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.
A. Can
B. Must
C. Shall
D. Should
7.【2024·江西卷】30. Life is unpredictable; even the poorest __become the richest.
A. shall
B.
must
C.
need
D. might
8.【2024·四川卷】6. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
A. might B. must C. would D. should
