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重庆市2024高考英语阅读理解选编（18）（附解析）
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2024·西安市标准化考练，C)
On a visit to Japan, Wangari Maathai learned the story of the hummingbird (蜂鸟) and the
forest fire. While the other animals run in fear, the hummingbird flies above the fire time and
again, leaving a few drops of water from its beak.
“Why do you bother？” the other animals shout at the hummingbird. “I'm doing the best that
I can，” the hummingbird replies.
“It's such a beautiful story，” Ms. Maathai says, thinking of the world's environmental problems.
“There's always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.”
In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt
Movement (GBM), which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment. Since
then, she's realized that people's values are what inspire them. If the values are good ones, good
actions will follow.
?If you don't have good values, you'll develop vices (恶劣行径)，” says Maathai. “And if we give
in to the vice, we destroy ourselves. We destroy the environment.” That's the message of her
new book.
In 1971, Maathai received a doctor's degree from the University of Nairobi, the largest
university in Kenya. She's now back in her homeland beginning work on the Wangari Maathai
Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies (WMI) at the University of Nairobi. “They want to
call it after me，” she says.
WMI will pay more attention to “learning by doing” and use knowledge to deal with real
problems. “What Africa needs is people who are willing to get their fingers dirty and work with
the people，” says Maathai.
Planting trees is one way people connect with the natural world. She continues to inspire
others. “There is no lasting peace until we have peace with the earth itself，” she says.
文章大意：本文是一篇报道。保护环境人人有责，文章主要讲述了诺贝尔和平奖获得者Maathai保护环境的一些具体活动以及她关于保护环境的一些看法。
1．Why does Wangari Maathai think highly of the hummingbird?
A．It can create water from its beak.
B．It helps the other animals run away.
C．It tries its best to put out the fire.
D．It finds out a way to save the forest.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I'm doing the best that I can”和第三段“... thinking of the world's environmental problems. ‘There's always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.’”可知，Maathai对蜂鸟评价很高的原因是蜂鸟会尽自己的全力去扑灭大火。故C项正确。
2．Those who work for GBM are mainly ________.
A．environmental experts
B．women villagers
C．people who had good values
D．people who love birds
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“... which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment.”可知，B项正确。
3．Which of the following is TRUE about Wangari Maathai?
A．She is from Japan.
B．She received a Nobel Prize.
C．She is a university teacher.
D．She has always raised the hummingbird.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中“In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt Movement (GBM)”可知，B项正确。
4．According to Wangari Maathai, ________.
A．good actions lead to good values
B．people's values influence their actions
C．everybody has a possibility to develop vices
D．people who have bad values may have good actions
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句和第五段内容可知，Maathai认为，如果你没有好的价值观，就会有不良行为；如果我们屈从于错误的价值观的话，就会伤害自己，破坏环境。故B项正确。
阅读理解 (2024·江西八校联考)
The forces that make Japan one of the world’s most earthquakeprone (有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution.
Water from deep below the ground at Japan’s tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.
Although Japanese hightech companies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it，its use is limited in the nation.
“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said
Yoshiyasu Takefuji，a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production.
The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11,2011 caused a reaction against atomic power，which previously made up 30 percent of Japan’s energy needs，and increased interest in alternative energies，which accounted for only 8 percent.
Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy，following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.
For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.
The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan’s potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.
“We can’t even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric，adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.
Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”
The Earth Policy Institute in Washington，US，believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.
Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology，with a 70 percent market share.In 2010，Fuji Electric built the world’s largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.
1．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Alternative energies in Japan
B．World’s largest geothermal plant
C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology
D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy
2．What percentage of Japan’s energy needs is geothermal energy?
A．About 8%.B．Below 1%.
C．Around 30%.D．Over 80%.
3．According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs________.
A．a change of rules B．financial support
C．local people’s help D．high technology
4．Geothermal energy is considered as a longterm program by________.
A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji
B．Hideaki Matsui
C．Shigeto Yamada
D．Yoko Ono
5．It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that________.
A．the world’s biggest geothermal plant was built by America
B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology
C．the potential of Japan’s geothermal energy is great
D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan
语篇解读 本文为一篇科普说明文。让日本经常地震的一些自然力有可能会被转化成日本长期可持续利用的清洁能源，即：地热。本文对其进行了详细介绍。
1．解析： 标题概括题。根据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最后一句“We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term”，以及对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题，所以D项最适合做文章的标题。
答案： D
2．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第七段“For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan...”可知，答案B符合文意。
答案： B
3．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段中的“adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow”可推知，答案A符合文意。
答案： A
4．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project...”可知，答案B符合文意。
答案： B
5．解析： 推理判断题。根据对文章最后两段的整体理解可知，日本的地热能源潜力巨大。
答案： C
Almost everyone has experienced anxiety at some time in their lives，and to do so is not only probably quite sensible，too.In some sense，the feeling of anxiety is like a signal to us that we need to take action.If we are walking alone down a dark street and start to feel anxious，we might think，“This is getting frightening.I think I’ll nip into the pub and call a cab.” so we will do something to get ourselves somewhere safe.If we have an exam coming up，we are likely to start feeling anxious.We might think，“I can’t pretend it’s not happening.I’ve got to revise or I’ll totally mess up.” Once again，anxiety can guide us to behave in a way that is in our best interests.
However，anxiety can also imprison us.It stops us from doing what we would like to do and living our life fully.Feeling anxious is undoubtedly a fact of life，so our goal is not to live an anxietyfree life but to live our life with acceptable levels of anxiety in a full way.
Anxiety can be abnormal when it starts to take over our thinking processes and our lives，and makes it difficult for us to function.It is likely that people who experience extreme and upsetting levels of continual anxiety are suffering from a disorder called Generalised Anxiety Disorder(GAD)．
The most important feature of GAD is that people experience quite severe anxiety and worry about a wide range of things over long periods of time.Other symptoms include finding it difficult to control the worry，getting easily tired，difficulty concentrating and sleep disturbance.
People with GAD tend to worry about the same kinds of things as people without GAD—only they fall into worrying more easily and tend to spend more time worrying.Research suggests that our worry tends to cluster around particular themes including our health，finances，relationships，family，work and finally，worry about worrying.
Some worries are realistic(“real event” worries)．For example，if I worry about the size of my credit card bill，then this problem exists and my worry arises from a real problem.Some worries are about things that may never happen(“hypothetical event” worries)．Sometimes，real event worries spiral(螺旋形上升) into hypothetical event worries.For example，“My neighbors are noisy” could spiral into “I’ll never be able to sell the house.I’ll be stuck here for ever.”
Even though you may always have tended to worry，you can still learn to understand it and get on the top of it.Extreme worry is not a part of your personality，and it’s not something that you should accept as unavoidable.
1．According to the passage，a person with GAD may
.
A．try to do something to get himself somewhere safe
B．focus his mind fully on what he is determined to do
C．be anxious about one special thing for a long time
D．be continuously worrying about some particular things
2．It can be inferred from the passage that
.
A．GAD can hardly be cured once one suffers from it
B．anxiety actually has both positive and negative sides
C．most people have experienced different levels of GAD
D．hypothetical event worries are mostly from real event worries
3．The difference between people with GAD and normal people lies in
.
A．whether they feel worried
B．what they worry about
C．how they experience anxiety
D．why they get into anxiety
4．Which would be the proper title for the passage?
A．Anxiety：Learn to Understand It
B．GAD：Learn to Keep Away from It
C．How to Get Rid of Your Anxiety
D．How to Distinguish Anxiety from GAD
1．D
2．B
3．C
4．A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。(2024·福建)
Life can be so wonderful，full of adventure and joy.It can also be full of challenges，setbacks(挫折) and heartbreaks.Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones.Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem，because when we go to change the way we do things，up come the old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱) that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.
This tension between what we feel we can have and what we're seemingly able to have is the niggling(烦人的) suffering，the anxiety we feel.This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.But we're never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more.The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us.It's the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If you drop that，you begin to feel a little “dead” inside because you're dropping “you”．
So，if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck，how do we break these patterns?
Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through today's challenges.
While，deep down，we know we can do it，our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can't.That isn't a reason to stop; it's just the mind，that little man or woman on your shoulder，trying to talk you out of something again.It has done it many times before.It's all about starting simple and doing it now.
Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this you may feel a little，or large，release_from_the_jail_of_your_mind and you'll be on your way.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了在我们想要放弃的时候改变这种模式的一种方法就是重新选择目标并且迅速做出决定。
．It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should ________.
A．slow down and live a simple life
B．be careful when we choose to change
C．stick to our dreams under any circumstances
D．be content with what we already have
答案：C 细节理解题。文章第一段第三句Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，hopes and desires说不管在什么情况下，我们仍然有着梦想、希望和欲望。以及第二段最后一句If you drop that，you begin to feel a little “dead”inside because you're dropping “you”．如果你放弃了，你的内心会变得了无生机，因为你放下了你自己。故选C。
．What is the key to breaking the old patterns?
A．To focus on every detail.
B．To decide and take immediate action.
C．To listen to those close to us.
D．To think twice before we act.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.可以知道为了打破旧格局需要决定一个新目标并且立刻做出决定。故选B。
