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专题5
动词及动词短语
【易错雷区，步步为赢】
( 2024·江苏)The university started some new language programs to cater
the country's Silk
Road Economic Belt.
2.(2024·江苏)The whole team count
Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
3.(2024·湖北)There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies
his ability to communicate
with foreigners in English.
4.(2024·湖北)Don't worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will turn
sooner or later.
5.(2024·陕西)Peter will take
his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
6.(2024·天津，10)Tom had to turn
the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too
busy.
7.(2024·福建)It is said that body language account
55 per cent of a first impression while what
you say just 7 per cent.
8．Not having promoted the new digital camera successfully，the company should ________its original marketing methods.
A．account for
B.reflect on
C．work out D．call up
9．Hard work and lack of sleep have________her beauty and youth in recent years.
A．worn out
B.tried out
C．made out
D.sent out
0．They are broadening the bridge to________the flow of traffic.
A．put off B.speed up
C．turn on D．work out
【名师点睛，易错起源】
易错起源1、考查动词辨析
例1．Much as he ________he has a good command of English，he sometimes feels it hard to find an appropriate version for some Chinese idioms.
A．announces
B．declares
C．claims
D．confirms
Try not to cough more than you can ________
since it may cause problems to your lungs.
A.
check
B．allow
C．stop
D．help
【名师点睛】
高考常考的几组动词词义辨析
1．injure，hurt，wound，destroy
injure 一般指在意外事故中受伤
hurt 是表示“伤害”的一般用法，既可指对肉体的伤害，也可指对情感的伤害
wound 常指外伤，尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害
destroy 一般指彻底损坏，常译成“毁坏，损坏”
I didn't want to hurt his feelings.
我不想伤害他的感情。
He was wounded in the battle.
他在战斗中负过伤。
2．beat，hit，strike，defeat，win
beat 表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打，击”，还可表示“打败，胜过”
hit 表示对准目标打一下，强调击中
strike 表示突然性或一次性的击打
defeat (＝beat)是指“击败，战胜”，宾语通常是人或集体
win 是“(在……中)获胜”或“赢”的意思，宾语通常为war，match，game，prize，medal，respect，battle等名词
Our team beat the American team by eight.
我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。
She hit him out of anger.
她生气地打了他一下。
The tower was struck by lightning.
该塔被闪电击中了。
He defeated all the other participants and won the prize.
他击败了其他参赛者，获了奖。
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】adopt，attach，adapt，adjust的区别
adopt vt. 采取，采纳；收养，领养
attach vt. 把……附(在……上)；重视
attach much importance to... 非常重视……
adapt vt. 适应；adapt oneself to 适应于
adjust vt. 适应，调整；adjust oneself to 适应于
This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all.
这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。
Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.
为了保持平衡，中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。
Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠
易错起源2、考查动词短语的用法和意义
例2．(2024·浙江)Body language can give
a lot about your mood，so
standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
【变式探究】 We thought of selling this old furniture ,but we’ved ecided to
it.It might be valuable.
A.hold on to
B.keep up with
C.turn to
D.look after
【名师点睛】
多记一些常见动词及短语的含义和用法并学会在特定语境中灵活运用。
以下为常见短语动词 :
一、动词 + 介词/副词
短语
例句
Act on照……行事 He acts on principles.
answer for对……负责 You will answer for what you’ve done.
Arm...against带武器以防 He armed himself against wild animals.
agree with同意(某人) I agree with her.
agree to同意(建议等) They agreed to the proposal.
apree on(in)同意商定(问题，条件等) They agreed on the question.
arrive at／in到达(某地) He arrived in Nanjing at five o’clock yesterday mornring.
Atm at 瞄准 He aimed the gun at the bird.
Ask after 问候 My fater asked after you.
Ask for 请求 The boy asked for more food.
borrow．．．from从……借来 He borrowed a like from Mary.
believe in 信任 We all believe in her.
belong to 属于 The house belongs to me.
burst into突然……起来 She burst into tears at the news.
begin at从(页)开始 Today we shall begin at page 40.
Babe...on 根据 he based the conclusion on experiments.
beat about the bush绕弯子 Tell me the truth. Don’t beat about the bush.
Consist of由……组成 The society consists of five members.
congratulate……on祝贺 We congratulated
her
on winning the contest.
come to an end 结束 The talk come to an end at ten.
compare．．．to 把……比作 He compared the young to the rising sun.
compare．．．with同……相比 She compared the blue pen with the red pen.
carebr喜欢；照料 He doesn’t care for playing football.
Change．．．for用……交换 He changed his radio for a recorder.
ChanSe from．．．to从……转到 She changed from team A to team B.
clear up 放晴 The weather cleared up in the afternoon.
come across偶然碰到 I came across an old friend in the street.
come into想出；进入 An idea suddenly came into my mind.
ca11 up 打电话 I shall call her up soon.
Csll for 叫(人) He will call for you in the evening.
call for 为……叫喊 He heard someone calling for help.
cdll on 访问(某人) She will call on a friend on Sunday.
cdll on 号召 The Party called on us to study hard.
Cure...of 治愈 Fhe medicine cured him of his pain.
depend on 依靠 He depended on his mother in life.
disagree with与……意见不同 He disagreed with her over the plan.
Die of 因……病、饥饿等而死 The man died of cancer.
Die from 因……伤、意外等而死 The died man died from a serious wound.
Die for 为……而死 He died for the people.
devote to把……用于 she devoted all her money to huvine books.
enged in 从事，忙于 He is engaged in writing new book.
End with以……结束 The party ended with dancing.
fail in在……失败 She failed in winning the game.
find out查明 He has not found out the trouble yet.
give up 放弃 Never give up hope.
give over克服，渡过 You’ll soon get over your shyness.
Get on(／off) 上车(／下车) She got on the bus at Gulou Square.
Get on进展 He is getting on well in the work.
Get ready for准备好 He has got ready for the journey.
Get in 收进 The peasants
got
in
the wheat in May.
grow up 长大，发展 The children have already grown up.
give in 投降(让步) They gave in at last.
Get up 起床 She gets up early every morning.
Go on 继续 The meeting went on deep into the night.
go all out 竭尽全力 They went all out to build the airport.
So through通过；细察 She went through the book before buying it.
go over复习，看一遍 She went over the lessons for three times.
go down(日，月)落下，下沉 The moon has gone down.
go without 放弃，没有也行 He had to go without food.
Hand in交进来 They handed in their papeps.
Have nothing to do with 与……无关 He has nothing to do with the matter.
Have some thing to do with 与……无关 Does she have anything to do with the case?
Head for 朝……去 The ship is heading for the nearest port.
Help with 帮助 He helped her with her English.
Help...in在……帮助 He helped her in study in English.
Hope for 希望(得到) She hoped for Mary to come.
introduce．．．to．．．介绍 She introduced me to her father.
inspire．．．with．．．以……激发 He inspired them with courage.
insist on坚持 She insisted on doing it that way.
interfere with(in) 妨碍；干涉 Don’t interfere
With
his work.
join in 参加(活动) she also joined in the dancing.
join sb. in 加入某人从事 He joined us in watering the tees.
keep on 继续 She kept on making experinents.
Knock at敲(门等) Someone is knocking at the door.
loog for渴望 I’m longing for a letter from him.
look up查寻；向上看 He is looking up a new word in the dictionary.
look upon．．．as把……看作 Do you look upon him as a good friend?
learn．．．by heart 背会 She has learnt it by heart.
Leave for动身去 He is leaving for Nanjing next week.
look for寻找 The police are looking for the lost car.
Lie in 位于 The town lies in the hills.
live on 靠……生活，以……为主食 Sheep live on grass.
laugh at 对……笑，嘲笑 Don’t laugh at others.
look throut 翻阅；浏览 The boy looked through the picture book.
Mix．．．with 同……混合 Oil and water can’t mix with each other.
meetwith 遇到 She met with some difficulties.
make up one’s mind 决定 He has made up his mind what to say.
Owe to 归功于 He owed all his success to his parents.
Operate on为……手术 He operated on the wounded soldier.
Put．．．into 把……放入 She
put
the
book
into the bag.
play with 玩 The boy played with a toy tank.
Put up 举起 They put up their hands.
Put up挂起 She put up a picture on the wall.
Put off 推达 The match is put off owing to the rain.
Point out 指出 The teacher pointed out his mistakes.
preside over 主持(会议) Who is to preside over the meeting?
present...with 赠送 He presented her with a gold watch.
Put．．．across 使理解(相信) She didn’t put the meaning across very well.
Prevent．．．from 阻止 The
snow
prevented
him from coming.
persist in 坚持 He persisted in doing that.
Put...into practice实施 We shall put the plan into practice.
quarrel over 为……争吵
They quarrelled
over
the property.
quarrel with 同……争吵 She
quanelled
with
her mother.
Reply to 答复 He hasn’t replied to me yet.
recover from 恢复 She has recovered from her illness.
Rely on 依靠 He relied on his daughter in the past.
refrain from 设法不，忍住 Please refrain from smoking.
Rob...of...抢走 The pain robbed him of sleep.
Run over 辗过去 The bus run over his legs.
result from 由……引起 His illness results from overeating.
result in 导致 Overeating results in his illness.
Remember sb.to代问好 Please remember me to your mother.
Set about 着手干 They set about the work at once.
Set out 出发 They set out at dawn.
succeed in 成功 He succeeded in passing the exam.
Speak off 说到 She once spoke of the book to me.
Supply...with提供 They supplied the soldiers with weapons.
share in分担(享) He shared in her joys and sorrows.
share sth with sb
与某人共同使用 She shared a room with others.
settle in安顿下来 He settled in a small town.
See through 看透 I have already seen through the man.
See to it 保证 See to it that the work is done well.
send for 派人请 We have sent for the doctor.
Stand by 支持 We’ll stand by you in your hour of need.
Stand of 代表 What does “U.S,” stand far?
spend．．．on花费 She spent a lot of money on books.
show around 带…参观 He showed the guests around the city.
talk about 谈论 what
are
you taking
about ?
over 渡过 lie has tided over his illness.
turn against 背叛 She will never turn against her country.
turn into 变成 Water can turn into gas.
turn to 翻到，转向 Please turn to page 10.
