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专题十六 说明文
针对高考训练
一、单项填空
1.(2024甘肃张掖中学高三模拟)The doctor told me to take the medicine .
A.every fourth hours B.each fourth hour
C.each four hours D.every four hours
答案:D
解析:考查固定用法。句意:医生告诉我要每四小时服一次药。在英语中表达“每……”要用“every+基数词+复数名词”或者“every+序数词+单数名词”形式,故选D项。
2.(2024西安长安区第一中学高三模拟)—Is this the book you are looking for?
—Yes.It’s the one I am after.
A.much B.very
C.just D.so
答案:B
解析:考查形容词和副词。句意:“这是你在找的书吗?”“是,正是我找的书。”much形容词,意为“很多”,修饰不可数名词,也可以作副词,意思是“非常”;very副词,表示“很,非常”,亦可作形容词,表示“正是”;just副词,意为“正是”;so副词,意思是“这么”。the very one“就是那个”。故选B项。
3.I find it astonishing that he be so rude to us.I make a complaint to his company.
A.could;must B.should;shall
C.shall;should D.dare;have to
答案:B
解析:句意:我觉得他竟然对我们不礼貌,真是感到惊讶,我要向他的公司投诉他。第一个空用should表示“竟然”;第二个空用shall表示说话的决心,意为“我要……”。
4.Children are taught to respect everyone, race,sex or age.
A.in terms of B.in the face of
C.regardless of D.in place of
答案:C
解析:句意:孩子们受到教育要尊重每个人,无论种族、性别或年龄。此处要用regardless of表示“不顾,无论……”。in terms of“就……而言”;in the face of“面对……”;in place of “代替”。
5. at the door before you enter my room,please.
A.Knock B.Knocking
C.Knocked D.To knock
答案:A
解析:考查祈使句。句意:进入我的房间前请先敲门。根据please可知本句是祈使句,故用动词原形。
6.—Has Tom finished writing his essay today?
—I have no idea.He it this morning.
A.wrote B.has written
C.was writing D.had written
答案:C
解析:句意:——汤姆今天写完论文了没有?——我不知道,他今天早晨还在写。此处是指看到他的时候他正在写论文,故用过去进行时。
7.The young pianist is very excited because the concert given by him has never been .
A.successful B.more successful
C.most successful D.the most successful
答案:B
解析:句意:那位年轻的钢琴师非常兴奋,因为他举办的音乐会从来没有那么成功过。根据句意可知,此处指“非常成功”的意思,题干中的never与比较级more successful连用可表示最高级的意思。
8.(2024山东淄博第五中学高三质检)He got himself into a difficult situation he must make a final decision all by himself.
A.which B.what
C.when D.where
答案:D
解析:考查定语从句。句意:他让自己陷入了一个很难的处境,在这种情形下他必须完全靠自己做出最终决定。从结构可知situation后是定语从句,从句的句意完整,应该用关系副词引导从句,而situation是抽象名词表示模糊化的地点,所以用where引导。
9.(2024安徽屯溪一中高三检测)— With so much work to do,I don’t think I can take it any more.
— .Things will get better.
A.Don’t act like a baby B.Nothing is serious
C.Hang in there D.Don’t be silly
答案:C
解析:考查交际用语。句意:“有那么多作业要做,我认为我不能再干了。”“坚持住,事情会变好的。” Don’t act like a baby.“别像个孩子一样”。Nothing is serious.“没什么严重的”。Hang in there.“坚持住”。Don’t be silly.“别傻了”。故选C项。
10.— you got the news that the rocket was sent up successfully?
—From the radio.
A.How was it that B.How it was that
C.What was it that D.What it was that
答案:A
解析:根据答语部分From the radio.可知,疑问句问的是“如何得知这个消息的?”而且套用了it强调句式,故用How was it that...?
二、完形填空
(2024广东)
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers.Then again,teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents,saying that it is not easy living with them.According to a recent research,the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.On the one hand,parents go mad over 3 rooms,clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 .On the other hand,teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom,not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research,conducted by St.George University,shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems.However,some approaches are more 7 than others.For example,those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness,but 8 clean the room for them,have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 .On the contrary,those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better.For example,when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator,they are forced to 11 their actions.Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships.Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say.Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space.Communication is a two-way process.It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
【语篇导读】十几岁的青少年与父母间的关系往往比较紧张,处于叛逆期的孩子们有自己的思想,不愿意受到父母的约束。两代人之间经常进行沟通和交流十分重要,相互理解、相互包容才能有助于问题的解决。
1A.natural B.strong
C.guilty D.similar
答案:D
解析:根据第一段第一、二句内容可知,孩子们的感受与他们的父母是相似的,觉得生活在一起很不容易,有很多矛盾。similar“相似的”;natural“自然的”;strong“强壮的”;guilty“内疚的”。
2.A.interest B.argument
C.link D.knowledge
答案:B
解析:根据下文untidiness and daily routine tasks以及前面两句内容可知,父母与子女的争执主要是关于一些生活琐事。argument“争论,争执”。
3.A.noisy B.crowded
C.messy D.locked
答案:C
解析:根据上文出现的untidiness以及下文的clothes thrown on the floor可知,孩子们的房间一定是又脏又乱。messy“杂乱的,肮脏的”。
4.A.homework B.housework
C.problem D.research
答案:B
解析:根据上文的daily routine tasks可推断,孩子们拒绝帮助父母干家务活。housework“家务”;research“研究”。
5.A.washing B.using
C.dropping D.replacing
答案:C
解析:根据blame可推断,一定是孩子们做了不好的事情才遭到责备,因此选择dropping,表示“把毛巾扔在浴室里”。
6.A.approaches B.contributions
C.introductions D.attitudes
答案:A
解析:根据下文some approaches提示可知,此处说明不同的父母对解决这些问题有不同的方法。
7.A.complex B.popular
C.scientific D.successful
答案:D
解析:根据下文的两个例子可知,有一些处理问题的方法比其他方法成功有效。successful“成功的”;complex“复杂的”;popular“流行的,受欢迎的”;scientific“科学的”。
8.A.later B.deliberately
C.seldom D.thoroughly
答案:A
解析:根据but转折及与下文的On the contrary后的对比可知,此处举的例子是一些父母不正确的做法:先是因为孩子弄乱房间大喊大叫,但是后来又主动帮他们清扫房间。later“后来”。
9.A.behavior B.taste
C.future D.nature
答案:A
解析:父母一味地包办无助于改变孩子们的不良行为。behavior “行为”;taste“口味”;future“将来”;nature“天性”。
10.A.failures B.changes
C.consequences D.thrills
答案:C
解析:根据下文举的例子可知,有些父母让孩子们体验到自己的不良行为所带来的后果。consequence“结果,后果”。
11.A.defend B.delay
C.repeat D.reconsider
答案:D
解析:那些不愿意帮助父母购物的孩子在冰箱里找不到自己喜欢喝的饮料,肯定会被迫重新考虑自己的行为。reconsider “重新考虑”。
12.A.communication B.bond
C.friendship D.trust
答案:A
解析:由下文的communication提示可知,这里表示心理学家们认为,在处理父母与子女的关系方面,沟通和交流是最重要的事情。
13.A.reply B.attend
C.attach D.talk
答案:D
解析:根据下文they should lend an ear to...可知,父母应该主动与孩子交谈,与此同时,也应该听听孩子们的意见。talk to“与……交谈”。
14.A.hate B.scold
C.frighten D.stop
答案:B
解析:根据下文when they are untidy可知,当孩子们的个人卫生做不好时,父母可以责备他们,但同时也要理解,房间是孩子们的私人空间。scold“责备”;frighten“使惊吓”。
15.A.loving B.observing
C.understanding D.praising
答案:C
解析:由上文understand提示可知,这是表示只有通过倾听和理解才能使父母与子女之间的问题得到解决。
三、阅读理解
As global temperatures rise,so do our levels of hostility(敌意) and violence,according to a new study.
Scientists from the University of California,Berkeley and Princeton University discovered a strong link between change in climate and human violence around the world.The study found that even minor climate deviations,such as slight changes in normal temperature and rainfall,can greatly increase the risk of conflict.
The link between climate variations and violent behavior was noted on a small scale—in one-on-one crimes like attack or murder—as well as on a much grander scale involving riots (暴乱) or civil war.
Unlike previous similar studies,this project combined data and evidence from a larger number of fields such as economics,political science,geography,psychology and archaeology,according to Professor Edward Miguel from the University of California,Berkeley.
Climate change that researchers explored included temperature as well as rainfall—from very low rainfall and drought conditions to extreme amounts of rainfall.
The scientists say their findings could have critical implications for understanding the impact of future climate change on human societies.The global temperature will increase by at least 2 Celsius over the next half century.
The researchers compared extensive data spanning from ancient times until today.Collecting more material than any prior study did,the researchers were able to show that the Earth’s climate plays a more influential role in human affairs than previously thought.
Among the historical correlations,researchers found the case of the advanced Mayan civilization which was established around 2,000 BC in what is now Mexico and Central America.Some scholars say this Mesoamerican (中美洲的) civilization peaked from 250 AD to 900 AD,when it mysteriously declined.
Scientists and historians,including those involved in this study,theorize that climate change may have had a lot to do with the Mayan decline and failure.
【语篇导读】最新研究发现全球气温上升可能会导致冲突、战争甚至灭绝。文章列举了玛雅人的例子,很有说服力。
1From the first paragraph,we can know that .
A.if it snows heavily,there will be a conflict
B.enemies dislike global temperatures
C.violence has nothing to do with the climate
D.warmer climate is linked to increased human violence
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中“...so do our levels of hostility and violence...”得知。
2.The underlined word “deviations” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “ ”.
A.differences B.measures
C.increases D.risks
答案:A
解析:词义猜测题。根据划线词后部分及同义词change,variations可以判断该词词义为“偏差”。
3.According to Professor Edward Miguel .
A.the former studies include a larger number of fields
B.the former studies include a small number of fields
C.the present study includes a small number of fields
D.the present study has nothing to do with the previous ones
答案:B
解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中“Unlike previous similar studies,this project combined data and evidence from a larger number of fields...”可以知道答案,其中larger是关键词。
4.How long has Mayan civilization been at its peak?
A.2,900 years. B.1,150 years.
C.900 years. D.650 years.
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“...this Mesoamerican civilization peaked from 250 AD to 900 AD”可判断出答案。
5.It can be inferred from the passage that some civilizations declined due to .
A.civil war
B.violent behavior
C.climate change
D.extreme amounts of rainfall
答案:C
解析:推理判断题。通读全文可知气候变化对人类的发展有巨大的影响。文章最后一段是该题答案的出处。
