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语法专题12 定语从句
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·天津，15改编)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________his employees enjoy their work.
答案：where 本句中定语从句“his employees enjoy their work”不缺主宾表，先行词为atmosphere，表示“气氛，氛围”。将“in＋先行词atmosphere”还原回从句中成立，因此答案为where。
2．(2024·陕西，15改编)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________he should be able to be independent.
答案：when 分析结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为time。定语从句为空格后句子，缺少时间状语，用when引导。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他应该能独立的时候。
3. (2024·安徽，28改编)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
答案：which 本句为定语从句。引导词在定语从句中位于介词upon的后面作宾语，故用关系代词且指代先行词the fundamental skill，因此用which。
4．(2024·湖南，29改编)It is a truly delightful place, ______ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
答案：which 此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，定语从句中缺主语，故用关系代词which。句意：这真是一个宜人的地方，这里蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。
5．(2024·四川，3改编)The books on the desk，________covers are shiny，are prizes for us.
答案：whose 此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the books，________和covers之间存在所有关系，意为“书的封面”。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。根据语境填whose。
6．(2024·重庆，14改编)He wrote many children's books，nearly half of ______ were published in the 1990s.
答案：which 此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是children's books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。
7．(2024·福建，34改编)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
答案：which 分析结构可知，定语从句的先行词为整个主句内容，从句为非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，用which引导。句意：《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明全世界越来越多的人想了解中国。
8．(2024·江苏，21改编)The number of smokers，________is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
答案：as 此句为as引导的非限制性定语从句。as意为“正如，正像”，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；as在这里代替整个主句的内容；“as is reported”意为“正如被报道的那样”。句意：正如被报道的那样，烟民的数量在仅仅一年的时间就下降了17%。
9．(2024·浙江临海调研改编)Some passersby witnessed the car accident ________ five passengers were killed, a baby included.
答案：where 句意为：一些路人目睹了这场事故，其中有五位乘客丧生包括一个婴儿。设空处引导定语从句，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
10．(2024·江苏无锡测试改编)“Spittake” refers to an act ________ someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising.
答案：where 句意为：“笑喷”是指一种行为：某人在听到有趣的或吃惊的事情后从嘴中喷出液体。设空处引导定语从句修饰act，引导词在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导。
11．(2024·安徽黄山一模改编)Cultural shock is a feeling _________most travelers experience in a foreign country ________ they find the culture is quite different from that of their own.
答案：which/that；where 句意为：文化冲击是一种大多数游客在外国会经历的感觉，在那里他们会感觉外国的文化和自己的(文化)有很大的不同。分析句子成分可知，两空均引导定语从句，第一空的先行词为a feeling，且在从句中作experience的宾语，因此用which引导；第二空的先行词为a foreign country，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
12．(2024·福建龙岩质检改编)Tibet is such a place ______ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.
答案：as 句意为：西藏是一个全世界所有的人都梦想游览的地方。定语从句的先行词为a place，其前有such修饰，引导词应用关系代词as。
13．(2024·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟改编)Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock, ________ he would keep his best tools so my brother couldn't reach them.
答案：where 句意为：父亲决定建一个带锁的小工具室，把他最好的工具放到里面，这样我弟弟就不会拿到它们了。设空处引导定语从句；修饰先行词a small tool room，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。
14．(2024·江苏淮安第四市调研改编)In 2024, such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China ________ almost each person could benefit from in life.
答案：as 句意为：在2024年，关系到公众利益的重要的改革政策被引进到中国，几乎每一个人都能从中受益。先行词policies前有such修饰，且引导词作介词from的宾语，因此用as引导。
15．(2024·福建泉州五中等三校联考改编)We expect you to become someone of ________ we'll feel very proud in the future.
答案：whom 句意为：我们希望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。feel proud of意为“为……感到自豪”，引导词置于介词of后作宾语，且先行词为someone，指人，故填whom。
16．(2024·安徽合肥第一次检测改编)The movie Pompeii came out this February, ________ many people think brings a touching love story to the audience.
答案：which 句意为：电影《庞贝末日》在今年二月上映，许多人认为它为观众带来了一个令人感动的爱情故事。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the movie Pompeii，many people think为插入语，引导词在从句中作主语，故填which。
17．(2024·山东日照一模)Anyone ________ upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.
答案：who 句意为：任何将专业知识更新到一个新水平的人都可以申请这些课程。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone，且在定语从句中作主语，一般不用that，故用who引导。
18．(2024·安徽蚌埠第一次质检改编)Then he waved his hand in the direction from ________ the woman had called.
答案：which 句意为：接着他向传来喊叫声的那位女士的方向挥手。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词direction，且在从句中作介词from的宾语，故填which。
19．(2024·广东肇庆二模)Will you think of those individuals________ have helped you get through difficulty when you are leading a comfortable life？
答案：who/that 句意为：在你生活舒适时你会想起那些帮你度过艰难时光的人吗？该定语从句缺少主语，先行词为指人的individuals，故填who或that。
20．(2024·辽宁朝阳三校联考)On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm ________ we learnt to plant potatoes.
答案：where 句意为：在一个秋天的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学习了种植土豆。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a farm，且在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
Ⅱ.语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There was a time __1__ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this is the reason __2__ my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, __3__ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide __4__ teacher was Li Yang, communicated with me face to face, from __5__ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities __6__ we did. My father and the guide __7__ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into __8__ I put my entire energy. Every day I will read my words and passages aloud. In class I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through __9__ I can memorize a large number of new words. __10__ our English teacher says, “As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later.”
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：1.when 2.why 3.where 4.whose 5.whom
6．that/which 7.who/that 8.which 9.which 10.As
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office.
答案：it改为which 由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少指代前面这个句子内容的主语，所以要用which。it无连接作用，不引导定语从句。
2．It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.
答案：that改为as或在lift后加it 把该句看成so...that...结构，可以在lift后加it，把that引导的结果状语从句补充完整。该句也可以看成一个定语从句，此时，先行词stone前有such，所以定语从句的引导词用as，as在从句中充当lift的宾语。故也可以把that改为as。
3．Which is mentioned above, our school still calls for many good teachers.
答案：Which改为As as和which引导非限制性定语从句且指代整句话时的区别。as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，都可以指代整个一句话。 as从句位置比较灵活，置前、置中或置后都可以，而which只能放在主句后面。其次，如果从句意思是“正如……，正像……”时，就用as。如果从句意思是“这一点，这”时，就用which。总之，位置记住，意思分清。
4．Have you noticed that small house, its roof is red？
答案：its改为whose 由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句。所以用whose代替its，its无连接作用，不引导定语从句。
5．TombSweeping Day is one of China's traditional festivals, in which people hold memorial activities in memory of the dead.
答案：in改为on “介词＋关系代词”的定语从句中的介词由先行词决定。on TombSweeping Day在清明节。
6．Believe it or not, I don't like the way which he spoke to me.
答案：which改为that/删去which/which前加in 先行词是way，定语从句引导词可以是that/in which或者不加关系词。
7．(2024·桂林中学月考)Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down.
答案：that改为which 逗号后是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代先行词car，故用which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
8．(2024·浙江省杭州市模拟)Are you facing a situation where looks impossible to fix？
答案：where改为which/that situation后是一个定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故用which/that。
9．(2024·陕西西安高新一中大练习)She is a very nice girl whom has a dream of becoming an actress.
答案：whom改为who/that girl后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故应该用who/that。whom是宾格，只能作宾语。
10．(2024·江西上饶六校重点中学联考)Firstly, I will find a parttime job, probably working in a factory what is near my home.
答案：what改为which/that factory后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故用which/that。what不引导定语从句。
语法专题12 定语从句
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2024·天津，15改编)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________his employees enjoy their work.
答案：where 本句中定语从句“his employees enjoy their work”不缺主宾表，先行词为atmosphere，表示“气氛，氛围”。将“in＋先行词atmosphere”还原回从句中成立，因此答案为where。
2．(2024·陕西，15改编)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________he should be able to be independent.
答案：when 分析结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词为time。定语从句为空格后句子，缺少时间状语，用when引导。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他应该能独立的时候。
3. (2024·安徽，28改编)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
答案：which 本句为定语从句。引导词在定语从句中位于介词upon的后面作宾语，故用关系代词且指代先行词the fundamental skill，因此用which。
4．(2024·湖南，29改编)It is a truly delightful place, ______ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
答案：which 此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，定语从句中缺主语，故用关系代词which。句意：这真是一个宜人的地方，这里蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。
5．(2024·四川，3改编)The books on the desk，________covers are shiny，are prizes for us.
答案：whose 此句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the books，________和covers之间存在所有关系，意为“书的封面”。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。根据语境填whose。
6．(2024·重庆，14改编)He wrote many children's books，nearly half of ______ were published in the 1990s.
答案：which 此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是children's books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。
7．(2024·福建，34改编)China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
答案：which 分析结构可知，定语从句的先行词为整个主句内容，从句为非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，用which引导。句意：《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明全世界越来越多的人想了解中国。
8．(2024·江苏，21改编)The number of smokers，________is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
答案：as 此句为as引导的非限制性定语从句。as意为“正如，正像”，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；as在这里代替整个主句的内容；“as is reported”意为“正如被报道的那样”。句意：正如被报道的那样，烟民的数量在仅仅一年的时间就下降了17%。
9．(2024·浙江临海调研改编)Some passersby witnessed the car accident ________ five passengers were killed, a baby included.
答案：where 句意为：一些路人目睹了这场事故，其中有五位乘客丧生包括一个婴儿。设空处引导定语从句，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
10．(2024·江苏无锡测试改编)“Spittake” refers to an act ________ someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising.
答案：where 句意为：“笑喷”是指一种行为：某人在听到有趣的或吃惊的事情后从嘴中喷出液体。设空处引导定语从句修饰act，引导词在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导。
11．(2024·安徽黄山一模改编)Cultural shock is a feeling _________most travelers experience in a foreign country ________ they find the culture is quite different from that of their own.
答案：which/that；where 句意为：文化冲击是一种大多数游客在外国会经历的感觉，在那里他们会感觉外国的文化和自己的(文化)有很大的不同。分析句子成分可知，两空均引导定语从句，第一空的先行词为a feeling，且在从句中作experience的宾语，因此用which引导；第二空的先行词为a foreign country，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
12．(2024·福建龙岩质检改编)Tibet is such a place ______ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.
答案：as 句意为：西藏是一个全世界所有的人都梦想游览的地方。定语从句的先行词为a place，其前有such修饰，引导词应用关系代词as。
13．(2024·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟改编)Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock, ________ he would keep his best tools so my brother couldn't reach them.
答案：where 句意为：父亲决定建一个带锁的小工具室，把他最好的工具放到里面，这样我弟弟就不会拿到它们了。设空处引导定语从句；修饰先行词a small tool room，并在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。
14．(2024·江苏淮安第四市调研改编)In 2024, such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China ________ almost each person could benefit from in life.
答案：as 句意为：在2024年，关系到公众利益的重要的改革政策被引进到中国，几乎每一个人都能从中受益。先行词policies前有such修饰，且引导词作介词from的宾语，因此用as引导。
15．(2024·福建泉州五中等三校联考改编)We expect you to become someone of ________ we'll feel very proud in the future.
答案：whom 句意为：我们希望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。feel proud of意为“为……感到自豪”，引导词置于介词of后作宾语，且先行词为someone，指人，故填whom。
16．(2024·安徽合肥第一次检测改编)The movie Pompeii came out this February, ________ many people think brings a touching love story to the audience.
答案：which 句意为：电影《庞贝末日》在今年二月上映，许多人认为它为观众带来了一个令人感动的爱情故事。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the movie Pompeii，many people think为插入语，引导词在从句中作主语，故填which。
17．(2024·山东日照一模)Anyone ________ upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.
答案：who 句意为：任何将专业知识更新到一个新水平的人都可以申请这些课程。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone，且在定语从句中作主语，一般不用that，故用who引导。
18．(2024·安徽蚌埠第一次质检改编)Then he waved his hand in the direction from ________ the woman had called.
答案：which 句意为：接着他向传来喊叫声的那位女士的方向挥手。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词direction，且在从句中作介词from的宾语，故填which。
19．(2024·广东肇庆二模)Will you think of those individuals________ have helped you get through difficulty when you are leading a comfortable life？
答案：who/that 句意为：在你生活舒适时你会想起那些帮你度过艰难时光的人吗？该定语从句缺少主语，先行词为指人的individuals，故填who或that。
20．(2024·辽宁朝阳三校联考)On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm ________ we learnt to plant potatoes.
答案：where 句意为：在一个秋天的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学习了种植土豆。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a farm，且在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。
Ⅱ.语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There was a time __1__ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this is the reason __2__ my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, __3__ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide __4__ teacher was Li Yang, communicated with me face to face, from __5__ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities __6__ we did. My father and the guide __7__ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into __8__ I put my entire energy. Every day I will read my words and passages aloud. In class I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through __9__ I can memorize a large number of new words. __10__ our English teacher says, “As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later.”
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：1.when 2.why 3.where 4.whose 5.whom
6．that/which 7.who/that 8.which 9.which 10.As
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office.
答案：it改为which 由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少指代前面这个句子内容的主语，所以要用which。it无连接作用，不引导定语从句。
2．It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.
答案：that改为as或在lift后加it 把该句看成so...that...结构，可以在lift后加it，把that引导的结果状语从句补充完整。该句也可以看成一个定语从句，此时，先行词stone前有such，所以定语从句的引导词用as，as在从句中充当lift的宾语。故也可以把that改为as。
3．Which is mentioned above, our school still calls for many good teachers.
答案：Which改为As as和which引导非限制性定语从句且指代整句话时的区别。as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，都可以指代整个一句话。 as从句位置比较灵活，置前、置中或置后都可以，而which只能放在主句后面。其次，如果从句意思是“正如……，正像……”时，就用as。如果从句意思是“这一点，这”时，就用which。总之，位置记住，意思分清。
4．Have you noticed that small house, its roof is red？
答案：its改为whose 由逗号可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句。所以用whose代替its，its无连接作用，不引导定语从句。
5．TombSweeping Day is one of China's traditional festivals, in which people hold memorial activities in memory of the dead.
答案：in改为on “介词＋关系代词”的定语从句中的介词由先行词决定。on TombSweeping Day在清明节。
6．Believe it or not, I don't like the way which he spoke to me.
答案：which改为that/删去which/which前加in 先行词是way，定语从句引导词可以是that/in which或者不加关系词。
7．(2024·桂林中学月考)Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down.
答案：that改为which 逗号后是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代先行词car，故用which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
8．(2024·浙江省杭州市模拟)Are you facing a situation where looks impossible to fix？
答案：where改为which/that situation后是一个定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故用which/that。
9．(2024·陕西西安高新一中大练习)She is a very nice girl whom has a dream of becoming an actress.
答案：whom改为who/that girl后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故应该用who/that。whom是宾格，只能作宾语。
10．(2024·江西上饶六校重点中学联考)Firstly, I will find a parttime job, probably working in a factory what is near my home.
答案：what改为which/that factory后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故用which/that。what不引导定语从句。
