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英语词法专题讲座三：代词
一．人称代词：
单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 it/she/he it/her/him they them
1. 主格作主语, 宾格作动词或介词的宾语.
He teaches ______(we) Chinese.
2. 三种人称代词并列时, 顺序为:
单数: 二, 三, 一 （You, she and I ）
复数: 一, 二, 三 (we, you and they )
注: 若把责任担, 第一人称最当先, (即若做错事时, 把第一人称放在最前面.)
She and I have been to Beijing .
Who broke the window ? I and Mike .
注：it 还有一些特别的用法。
1）用作形式主语, 常用于 “It’s +adj +to do sth”句型中.
2) 用在句型: “It seems that …”中.
3) 用在句型: “It’s one’s turn to do sth”中.
4) 用在句型: “It’s time to do sth / for sth”中.
5) 用在句型: “It’s +adj +that 从句”中.
6) 用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式. make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名词)+ to do sth .
二. 物主代词.
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
形容词性 my our your your its/his/her their
名词性 mine ours yours yours its/his/hers theirs
形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。
名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。
Our classroom is as big as ______(they).
This is a friend of ______(my).
注: 1) 名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.
（名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词）
2) 形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.
My own house = a house of my own
三. 反身代词
单数 复数
第一人称 myself
ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves
记忆小窍门:
反身代词有规律, 第三人称宾格加self. 其余都要物主加self, 复数ves来把f替.
反身代词的常用搭配:
enjoy oneself
hurt oneself
teach oneself
= learn…by oneslf
all by oneself
help oneself to …
look after oneself
leave sb by oneself
lose oneself in
say to oneself
for oneself
dress oneself
improve oneself
see oneself
in the mirror
四. 指示代词
1. 近指: this
these
远指: that
those
2. 用法:
1) that
those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物, 以避免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词.
The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai .
The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop.
A.this
B.that
C.one
D.those
2) this, that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分, that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.
He had a bad cold , that is why he didn’t come .
3) 在电话用语中, this 代替自己, 而that 代替对方.
This is Tom speaking.
Who is that ?
五. 不定代词的区别.
1. one与it 的区别
One 代替同类事物中的一种. 而it代替上文中出现的某事物.
This book is a good one. May I borrow it ?
2. some与any 的区别
一般情况下, some用于肯定句, any用于否定,疑问句, 条件句中. 但在表建议的疑问句中, 仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 开头或what about /how about …. 的句中。
May I have some water ?
He asked me for some paper, but I didn’t have any .
3. many与much的区别
Many+可数名词的复数
Much+不可数名词
都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词
注: a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .
4. a few /few /a little /little 的区别
表否定(几乎没有) 表肯定(有一点/几个)
修饰可数名词 few a few
修饰不可数名词 little a little
The story is easy to read. there are _____ new words in it .
Hurry up ! There is _____ time left .
5. each / every 的区别
each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个. 而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.
There are trees and flowers on _____ side of the street .
______ student has read a story .
注: each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 而every 不能与of 连用. 只能放在名词前作定语.
Each of us _______(study )hard .
6. no one 与none 的区别
no one 表示没有人, 不能与of 连用. 而none of +复数名词/ 代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。
The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest .
7. both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别
都 都不 任何一个
两者之间 both neither either
三者或三者以上 all none any
There are many trees on ____ side of the river.
A. both
B.any
C. Either
D. all
注: 1). both 的否定词是neither, all的否定词是none.
2). both of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.
neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.
Neither of the answers ______(be) right .
Both of my parents _______(be) workers.
3). 词组
A) both …and …连接两个主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 同义词组: not only …but also …
反义词组: neither … nor …
Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= ____ you _____ she like watching TV.= You like watching TV, _____ _____ she .
B) either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时, 谓语动词实行就近原则.
Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right.
One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park.
C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也”
D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不”
句型: neither … sb
某人也不怎么样.
If you don’t go there , _____ _____ I . (我也不去)
4) how many /how much 的回答: 用none回答.
Who 的回答: 用no one 回答.
What 的回答: 用nothing 回答.
How many students are there in the classroom ? __________.
Who can answer the question ? _______.
A. None
B. No one
C. Nothing
8. other /the other /others /the others 的区别
(空)后面没有名词 (空)后面有名词
有数量限制(特指) the others the other
没有数量限制(泛指) others other
注: 1) one …the other … 表示两者之间的一个……另一个……
2) some… others…
表示一些…… 一些……
3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数.
但 another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词
表示 “ 另外几个……”
Would you like ______ apple ?
I have two brothers, one is a teacher, _________ is a worker .
Some are cleaning the classroom, ______ are sweeping the window .
There are 20 teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers, and _____ are women teachers.
everyone
每个，人人，大家 不与of 连用
every one 每个人、物 可与of 连用
9.
Every one of us has seen the film .
Everyone should do their best .
10. 复合不定代词.
some any
no every
thing something anything nothing everything
one someone anyone no one everyone
body somebody anybody nobody everybody
注:“任何……/任何物/任何人”
Everything ______(begin ) to grow in spring, _______ _______ ?
Is there ___________(一些有趣的事)in today’s newpaper ?
I want something ________ (eat ).
英语词法专题讲座三：代词
一．人称代词：
单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 it/she/he it/her/him they them
1. 主格作主语, 宾格作动词或介词的宾语.
He teaches ______(we) Chinese.
2. 三种人称代词并列时, 顺序为:
单数: 二, 三, 一 （You, she and I ）
复数: 一, 二, 三 (we, you and they )
注: 若把责任担, 第一人称最当先, (即若做错事时, 把第一人称放在最前面.)
She and I have been to Beijing .
Who broke the window ? I and Mike .
注：it 还有一些特别的用法。
1）用作形式主语, 常用于 “It’s +adj +to do sth”句型中.
2) 用在句型: “It seems that …”中.
3) 用在句型: “It’s one’s turn to do sth”中.
4) 用在句型: “It’s time to do sth / for sth”中.
5) 用在句型: “It’s +adj +that 从句”中.
6) 用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式. make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名词)+ to do sth .
二. 物主代词.
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
形容词性 my our your your its/his/her their
名词性 mine ours yours yours its/his/hers theirs
形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。
名词性的物主代词，后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。
Our classroom is as big as ______(they).
This is a friend of ______(my).
注: 1) 名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.
（名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词）
2) 形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.
My own house = a house of my own
三. 反身代词
单数 复数
第一人称 myself
ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves
记忆小窍门:
反身代词有规律, 第三人称宾格加self. 其余都要物主加self, 复数ves来把f替.
反身代词的常用搭配:
enjoy oneself
hurt oneself
teach oneself
= learn…by oneslf
all by oneself
help oneself to …
look after oneself
leave sb by oneself
lose oneself in
say to oneself
for oneself
dress oneself
improve oneself
see oneself
in the mirror
四. 指示代词
1. 近指: this
these
远指: that
those
2. 用法:
1) that
those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物, 以避免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词.
The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai .
The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop.
A.this
B.that
C.one
D.those
2) this, that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分, that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.
He had a bad cold , that is why he didn’t come .
3) 在电话用语中, this 代替自己, 而that 代替对方.
This is Tom speaking.
Who is that ?
五. 不定代词的区别.
1. one与it 的区别
One 代替同类事物中的一种. 而it代替上文中出现的某事物.
This book is a good one. May I borrow it ?
2. some与any 的区别
一般情况下, some用于肯定句, any用于否定,疑问句, 条件句中. 但在表建议的疑问句中, 仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 开头或what about /how about …. 的句中。
May I have some water ?
He asked me for some paper, but I didn’t have any .
3. many与much的区别
Many+可数名词的复数
Much+不可数名词
都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词
注: a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .
4. a few /few /a little /little 的区别
表否定(几乎没有) 表肯定(有一点/几个)
修饰可数名词 few a few
修饰不可数名词 little a little
The story is easy to read. there are _____ new words in it .
Hurry up ! There is _____ time left .
5. each / every 的区别
each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个. 而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.
There are trees and flowers on _____ side of the street .
______ student has read a story .
注: each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 而every 不能与of 连用. 只能放在名词前作定语.
Each of us _______(study )hard .
6. no one 与none 的区别
no one 表示没有人, 不能与of 连用. 而none of +复数名词/ 代词，作主语时，谓语常用单数。
The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest .
7. both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别
都 都不 任何一个
两者之间 both neither either
三者或三者以上 all none any
There are many trees on ____ side of the river.
A. both
B.any
C. Either
D. all
注: 1). both 的否定词是neither, all的否定词是none.
2). both of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.
neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.
Neither of the answers ______(be) right .
Both of my parents _______(be) workers.
3). 词组
A) both …and …连接两个主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 同义词组: not only …but also …
反义词组: neither … nor …
Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= ____ you _____ she like watching TV.= You like watching TV, _____ _____ she .
B) either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时, 谓语动词实行就近原则.
Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right.
One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park.
C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也”
D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不”
句型: neither … sb
某人也不怎么样.
If you don’t go there , _____ _____ I . (我也不去)
4) how many /how much 的回答: 用none回答.
Who 的回答: 用no one 回答.
What 的回答: 用nothing 回答.
How many students are there in the classroom ? __________.
Who can answer the question ? _______.
A. None
B. No one
C. Nothing
8. other /the other /others /the others 的区别
(空)后面没有名词 (空)后面有名词
有数量限制(特指) the others the other
没有数量限制(泛指) others other
注: 1) one …the other … 表示两者之间的一个……另一个……
2) some… others…
表示一些…… 一些……
3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数.
但 another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词
表示 “ 另外几个……”
Would you like ______ apple ?
I have two brothers, one is a teacher, _________ is a worker .
Some are cleaning the classroom, ______ are sweeping the window .
There are 20 teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers, and _____ are women teachers.
everyone
每个，人人，大家 不与of 连用
every one 每个人、物 可与of 连用
9.
Every one of us has seen the film .
Everyone should do their best .
10. 复合不定代词.
some any
no every
thing something anything nothing everything
one someone anyone no one everyone
body somebody anybody nobody everybody
注:“任何……/任何物/任何人”
Everything ______(begin ) to grow in spring, _______ _______ ?
Is there ___________(一些有趣的事)in today’s newpaper ?
I want something ________ (eat ).
