【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
第 11 讲
名词性从句
1. It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010浙江卷)
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. whether
【答案及解析】1. B 考查主语从句引导词。句意：这种药将会带来什么样的副作用还不确定，虽然已有大约两千人在吃这种药。it为形式主语，______ side effect the medicine will bring about为真正的主语。还原句子： the medicine will bring about______ side effect，side effect前缺少一个修饰词，故用what。
2. — Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?
— No problem. (2009浙江卷)
A. when
B. that
C. whether
D. what 【答案及解析】2. B 考查同位语从句的引导词。句意为：“你有可能到机场来接我吗？”“没问题。”you could pick me up at the airport是possibility的具体内容，故是同位语。又因这个从句不缺任何句子成分，故用that引导。 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 1．连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中充当成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。 2．连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中充当成分，作状语。 3．连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不充当成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不充当成分。 引导名词性从句的连接词
注意：名词性从句的语序———陈述语序 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. (×) How he was successful is still a puzzle. (√)
引导名词性从句的连接词 1．主语从句在复合句中作主语。如： Who_will_go is not important.
2．用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。如： It doesn't matter so much whether_you_will_come_or_not.
3．that引导主语从句时，不能省略。如：
That_he_suddenly_fell_ill_last_week made us surprised.
主语从句的用法
1．表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。如： The question was who_could_go_there.
2．引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 My idea is (that)_we_can_get_more_comrades_to_help_in_the_work.
表语从句的用法
1．宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。如： I hope (that) everything is all right.
2．介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。如： I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.
宾语从句的用法
同位语从句在句中作某些抽象名词的同位语，说明该名词的具体内容。这类抽象名词有： 同位语从句的用法
I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
1．whether与if的区别
(1)只能用if的情况
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
如：
I wonder if it doesn't rain.
②引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。如：
Please come to see me if_you_have_time.
易错易混点
(2)只能用whether的情况
①用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。如：
Please let me know whether you want to go.
(此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解)
②宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。如：
I don't know whether_or_not the report is true.
I don't know whether/_if the report is true or not.
易错易混点
③介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。如：
It depends on_whether we have enough time.
They don't know whether_to_go there.
易错易混点
2．名词性从句中主句和从句的主谓一致
(1)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数。
(2)如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
(3)由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
When_they_will_start_and_where_they_go have not been decided yet.
When_and_where the party will be held has not been decided yet.
易错易混点
3. 疑问词 ＋ ever 和 no matter ＋ 疑问词的区别
(1)疑问词 ＋ ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。如：
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (作主语)
(2)疑问词 ＋ ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.
(3)no matter ＋ 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
No_matter_who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
易错易混点
4. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that起连接作用，且充当句子成分，作宾语时可省略。
同位语从句表明中心词的具体内容。that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，无具体含义，且不可省略。如：
We expressed the hope that_they_had_expressed.
(定语从句)
We expressed the hope that_they_would_come_to China_again. (同位语从句)
易错易混点
5. it作形式主语的常用句型
It is possible/important/necessary/clear/true that…很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚/很对……
It is said/ reported/believed that…据说/据报道……
It has been announced/declared that…已经通知/宣布……
It seems/appears/happens…that似乎/显然、明显/碰巧……
It is no wonder that…并不奇怪/无疑……
It's a pity/a shame/a good idea/a fact/common knowledge (众所周知)/a common saying… (俗话说……)
第 11 讲
名词性从句
1. It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (2010浙江卷)
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. whether
【答案及解析】1. B 考查主语从句引导词。句意：这种药将会带来什么样的副作用还不确定，虽然已有大约两千人在吃这种药。it为形式主语，______ side effect the medicine will bring about为真正的主语。还原句子： the medicine will bring about______ side effect，side effect前缺少一个修饰词，故用what。
2. — Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?
— No problem. (2009浙江卷)
A. when
B. that
C. whether
D. what 【答案及解析】2. B 考查同位语从句的引导词。句意为：“你有可能到机场来接我吗？”“没问题。”you could pick me up at the airport是possibility的具体内容，故是同位语。又因这个从句不缺任何句子成分，故用that引导。 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 1．连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中充当成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。 2．连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中充当成分，作状语。 3．连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不充当成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不充当成分。 引导名词性从句的连接词
注意：名词性从句的语序———陈述语序 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. (×) How he was successful is still a puzzle. (√)
引导名词性从句的连接词 1．主语从句在复合句中作主语。如： Who_will_go is not important.
2．用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。如： It doesn't matter so much whether_you_will_come_or_not.
3．that引导主语从句时，不能省略。如：
That_he_suddenly_fell_ill_last_week made us surprised.
主语从句的用法
1．表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。如： The question was who_could_go_there.
2．引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 My idea is (that)_we_can_get_more_comrades_to_help_in_the_work.
表语从句的用法
1．宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。如： I hope (that) everything is all right.
2．介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。如： I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.
宾语从句的用法
同位语从句在句中作某些抽象名词的同位语，说明该名词的具体内容。这类抽象名词有： 同位语从句的用法
I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
1．whether与if的区别
(1)只能用if的情况
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
如：
I wonder if it doesn't rain.
②引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。如：
Please come to see me if_you_have_time.
易错易混点
(2)只能用whether的情况
①用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。如：
Please let me know whether you want to go.
(此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解)
②宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。如：
I don't know whether_or_not the report is true.
I don't know whether/_if the report is true or not.
易错易混点
③介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。如：
It depends on_whether we have enough time.
They don't know whether_to_go there.
易错易混点
2．名词性从句中主句和从句的主谓一致
(1)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数。
(2)如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
(3)由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
When_they_will_start_and_where_they_go have not been decided yet.
When_and_where the party will be held has not been decided yet.
易错易混点
3. 疑问词 ＋ ever 和 no matter ＋ 疑问词的区别
(1)疑问词 ＋ ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。如：
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. (作主语)
(2)疑问词 ＋ ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.
(3)no matter ＋ 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
No_matter_who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
易错易混点
4. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别
定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that起连接作用，且充当句子成分，作宾语时可省略。
同位语从句表明中心词的具体内容。that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，无具体含义，且不可省略。如：
We expressed the hope that_they_had_expressed.
(定语从句)
We expressed the hope that_they_would_come_to China_again. (同位语从句)
易错易混点
5. it作形式主语的常用句型
It is possible/important/necessary/clear/true that…很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚/很对……
It is said/ reported/believed that…据说/据报道……
It has been announced/declared that…已经通知/宣布……
It seems/appears/happens…that似乎/显然、明显/碰巧……
It is no wonder that…并不奇怪/无疑……
It's a pity/a shame/a good idea/a fact/common knowledge (众所周知)/a common saying… (俗话说……)
