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重庆市2024高考英语阅读理解选编（55）（附解析）
2024高考模拟题（由2024·山东卷C改编）
Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves. At the age of six months she was acquired, along with her sister, by John Ashley, a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholders. She became known as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett.”
For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family. One day, Ashley’s wife tried to strike Mumbet’s sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back. When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom.
While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her. Eventually, Mumbet won her freedom---- the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.
Strangely enough, after the trial, the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee. She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick. Mumbet died in 1829, but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔). One of her great-grandchildren was W.E.B. Du Bois, one of the founder of the NAACP, and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.
Mumbet’s tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried. It reads, in part: “She was born a slave and remained a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years. She could neither read nor write, yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.”
1. What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?
A. She was born a slave
B. She was a slaveholder
C. She had a famous sister
D. She was born into a rich family
2. Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?
A. She found an employer
B. She wanted to be a lawyer
C. She was hit and got angry
D. She had to take care of her sister
3. What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new consititution?
A. She should always obey her owners’ orders
B. She should be as free and equal as whites
C. How to be a good servant
D. How to apply for a job
4. What did Mumbet do after the trial?
A. She chose to work for a lawyer
B. She found the NAACP
C. She continued to serve the Ashleys
D. She went to live with her grandchildren
5. What is the test mainly about?
A. A story of a famous writer and spokesperson
B. The friendship between a lawyer and a slave
C. The life of a brave African American woman
D. A trial that shocked the whole world
文章大意：本文介绍了生来就是奴隶的Elizabeth Freeman未了获得自由而进行斗争，最后获得自由的故事，以及人们对她的评价。
1. A。推理题。根据文章第一行Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves.可知她是一对奴隶父母亲生下的孩子，天生就是一位奴隶。故A正确。
2. C。推理题。根据第二段前3行One day, Ashley’s wife tried to strike Mumbet’s sister with a spade. Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead. Furious, she left the house and refused to come back.可知Ashley的妻子要打她的妹妹，Mumbet为了保护妹妹而被Ashley的妻子打了，之后她就离开了Ashley 的家。可知她的离开是因为她被打了，她非常生气。所以才离开。故C正确。
3.B。推理题。根据文章第三段前3行While serving the Ashleys, Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution. If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply to her.可知她一直在了解与宪法有关的内容，目的是为了获得和白人一样的平等权利。故B正确。
4. A。细节题。根据文章2,4段When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. With his help, Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom. 和She declined and instead went to work for Segdewick.可知Theodore Sedgewick是帮助她获得自由的律师。当Ashley请求她回去的时候，她拒绝了，而是选择为律师工作。故A正确。
5. C。主旨大意题。本文属于人物传记类短文，介绍了生来就是奴隶的Elizabeth Freeman未了获得自由而进行斗争的故事，以及人们对她的评价。故C项说法和文章主要内容相符。故C正确。
阅读理解To hitch-hike successfully in any country you must be able to do two things: attract attention and at the same time convince the driver at a glance that you do not intend to rob or murder him. To fulfill the first requirement you must have some mark to distinguish you at once from all other hikers. A serviceman, for instance, should wear his uniform, and a student his red scarf. In a foreign country an unmistakable indication of your own nationality will also arrest a driver’s attention.
When I hitch-hiked 9, 500 miles across the United States and back recently I wore a well-tailored suit, a bowler hat and a trench coat, and carried a pencil-thin rolled black umbrella. My suitcase was decorated with British flags. Having plenty of luggage, moreover, I was not likely to be suspected of being a dangerous lunatic(精神病患者). I then had to get across to the driver the idea that I was a real traveler, and needed to get somewhere cheaply.
But even with careful preparation, you must not assume that the task will be easy. You should be prepared to wait a little, for there are drivers who confess to a fierce prejudice against, (not to say hatred of)hitch-hikers, and would no more pick up a hiker than march from Aldermaston to London. In America, my average wait is half an hour, and my longest is two hours, but I have heard of people waiting all day: they probably took less pains to make themselves easy to notice.
Nor must you assume that all the drivers who stop for you are nice, normal people. On one occasion I found myself driving with two boys of about nineteen who turned out to be on the run from the police, and were hoping to use me as an alibi. There are also lesser(较小的)risks: you may find yourself in the car of a Fascist fanatic, a Mormon missionary(传教士), or just a bad driver. You cannot tell, of course until you are in the car. But you soon learn the art of the quick excuse that gets you out again.
If the hitch-hiker in the US remembers that he is seeking the willingness of drivers to give him a free ride, and is prepared to give in exchange entertainment and company, and not go to sleep, he will come across the remarkable, almost legendary, hospitality of American of the West. It will also help if he can drive—I think that I drove myself about 4, 500 of those 9, 500 miles I hitch-hiked in the States.
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了作者如何搭乘便车的一些经验, 如装束、等车、遇到的司机, 还特别提及了在美国的一些有关搭乘便车的趣事。
1. A serviceman should wear his uniform .
A. so as not to look too unusual
B. to attract attention
C. to show he is on duty
D. to put the driver at ease
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段“attract attention and at the same time convince the driver at a glance that you do not intend to rob or murder him. . . A serviceman, for instance, should wear his uniform”可以得知答案。
2. In Paragraph 3, we learn that the writer .
A. has sometimes failed to hitch a ride
B. has marched from Aldermaston to London
C. has been successful in hitching a ride
D. has had to wait for long hours for a ride
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句中my average wait is half an hour, and my longest is two hours, but I have heard of people waiting all day可知作者是比较成功的。
3. The main idea of Paragraph 4 is that .
A. it is dangerous to be in a car with strangers
B. hitch-hiking may turn out to be risky sometimes
C. a hitch-hiker must also learn the art of quick excuse
D. hitch-hikers might come across bad drivers
【解析】选B。段落大意题。第四段的第一句是主题句。遇到的司机不见得个个都是正常人, 从后面的例子也得知乘便车是有危险性的。
4. A suitable title for the passage would be“ ”.
A. The art of hitch-hiking
B. An Englishman’s view of the US
C. An English hitch-hiker
D. The joys and dangers of hitch-hiking
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。此处的art是“技巧”的意思。全文讲的是搭乘便车的一些经验和技巧, 故A是最佳答案。
【技法导练】多学一点 棋高一着
阅读理解——如何辨别主旨大意题的错误选项
在阅读理解中, 主旨大意题的错误选项一般有以下几个特点:
1. 以偏概全。故意片面地理解文章, 把文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。
2. 放大或缩小文章的主题。把文章的主题进行放大或者缩小。
3. 偷换概念。把文章主题换成相关但不同的主题。
请说出A篇阅读理解中三个错误选项分别属于哪种错误类型。
题 号 选 项 错误类型
4 B _________
C _________
D _________
答案:
题 号 选 项 错误类型
4 B 偷换概念
C 放大主题
D 以偏概全
（2024高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：说明文 话题：团购 词数：407 时间：6′
Group buying is one of the fastest growing trends in South Africa today.Industry leaders are confident the growth potential remains strong since group buying is locationspecific (区域性的)．Startup costs are low and profit room remains high, so many sites continue to receive invested money despite widespread criticism and Facebook's decision to phase__out__of the deals business due to privacy concerns.
In the early stages of all industries, some companies fail because they cannot compete with stronger companies in difficult economic conditions.To deal with difficult conditions, an alarming number of businesses are developing group buying websites in places like China and India, so the increase of group buying in South Africa is nothing more than a natural progression into the international mainstream.
The group buying concept is fairly new and consumers have accepted this concept because they can now make full use of the rich information available on the Internet.Group buying is convenient and easy so it works.Anyone can view a site, join a mailing list, subscribe (注册加入) to RSS or print out a coupon (优惠券)．The current group buying structure offered by the industry leaders works although there are still challenges to overcome.
Perhaps, the future of group buying is tied to the joining together of social media and mobile devices.Mobile devices are with us wherever we go and almost everyone is using some type of social media site like Facebook or Twitter to stay informed.Using GPS and social media technology to provide real time locationspecific promotions would be beneficial to every consumer looking for the best deals in town.
Pause for a moment and think about it! What is better than signing on to your phone while having fun in town and you receive a real time information that your favorite shop across the street is offering a killer deal?
The future of the group buying in South Africa is bright and we can expect to see more advanced approaches to this concept in the future.In addition to the technological advances consumers will see the range of promotions expand to include new products and services.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了南非团体购买的发展及其前景。
1．What does the underlined phrase “phase out of” mean in the passage?
A．Gradually stop.
B．Gradually increase.
C．Begin to develop.
D．Continue to enlarge.
答案 A
．The author sets China and India as examples to show that ________．
A．China and India are powerful countries
B．China and India are in difficult economic conditions
C．group buying is successful worldwide
D．group buying is an international trend
答案 D
．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．People have accepted group buying because it's a new concept.
B．Social media and mobile devices have been joined together for group buying.
C．GPS and social media technology will be helpful in group buying.
D．Shops usually offer a killer deal when their customers are having fun.
答案 C
．The author's attitude towards the future of group buying is ________．
A．pessimistic
B．optimistic
C．objective
D．subjective
答案 B
．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．The history of group buying.
B．Group buying in South Africa.
C．Growing trends in South Africa.
D．The group buying concept.
答案 B A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
Reading keeps your brain young.
Digging into a
good book can literally take years off your mind, according to a recent study from Rush University Medical Center. Adults who spend their free time doing creative activities (like reading) have a 32 percent slower rate of cognitive (认知的) decline later in life than those who do not. “Brainy pursuits make the brain more efficient by changing its structure to continue functioning properly，” said Robert S.Wilson, a professor at Rush University Medical Center. Another recent study found that older adults who regularly read are two and a half times less likely to develop mental diseases.
Reading boosts your vocabulary.
You can still use books to expand your mental dictionary. In fact, researchers estimate that we learn 5 to 15 percent of all the words we know through reading. This is particularly important for children, whose vocabulary size is directly and dramatically related to their read.
Reading improves your empathy (同感).
Stories provide lifechanging perspectives. Giving your attention to the lives of characters strengthens your ability to understand others' feelings. Seeing the world through the eyes of Jane Eyre, for example, may make it easier for you to understand females' viewpoint.
Reading can encourage your life goals.
Reading about someone who overcame obstacles may motivate you to achieve your own goals, Ohio State University researchers found. If you'd like a salary raise, thinking about how a character in the book did so may give you the courage to make the same request. The more you identify with a character and experience the events as if they were happening to you, the more likely you'll be to take action.
1.How does reading keep your brain young?
A.By creating activities of the brain.
B.By reducing the number of diseases.
C.By slowing the rate of your cognition.
D.By making the brain function constantly.
2.The writer mentions Jane Eyre to prove that reading can help ________.
A.fight against life's misfortunes
B.view the world differently
C.make you way to success
D.understand others easily
3.What's the author's attitude towards reading?
A.Skeptical.
