2024年高考第二轮复习英语（广东版）题型技法指导专题三阅读理解

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　　2024年高考第二轮复习英语广东版 题型技法指导

　　专题三　阅读理解

　　真题试做

　　A

　　（2024·广东高考）

　　“Have a nice day！”may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression.When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day”with a smile，I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me.I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.

　　“Have a nice day.Next！” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door.The words come out in the same tone（腔调）with a fixed procedure.They_are_spoken_at_me，not_to_me.Obviously，the concern for my day and everyone else's is the management's attempt to increase business.

　　The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other.Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting.As soon as you hear it，you know the meeting is at an end.Sometimes the expression saves us when we don't know what to say.“Oh，you just had a tooth out？I'm terribly sorry，but have a nice day.”

　　The expression can be pleasant.If a stranger says “Have a nice day”to you，you may find it heart­warming because someone you don't know has tried to be nice to you.

　　Although the use of the expression is an insincere，meaningless social custom at times，there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting.The salesgirl，the waitress，the teacher，and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day.But in a strange and comfortable way，it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much.While the expression may not often be sincere，it is always spoken.The point is that people say it all the time when they like.

　　1．How does the author understand Maxie's words?

　　A．Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.

　　B．Maxie really wishes the author a good day.

　　C．Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.

　　D．Maxie really worries about the author's security.

　　2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　A．The salesgril is rude.

　　B．The salesgril is bored.

　　C．The salesgirl cares about me.

　　D．The salesgirl says the words as a routine.

　　3．By saying “Have a nice day，” a stranger may ______.

　　A．try to be polite to you

　　B．express respect to you

　　C．give his blessing to you

　　D．share his pleasure with you

　　4．According to the last paragraph，people say “Have a nice day” ______.

　　A．sincerely

　　B．as thanks

　　C．as a habit

　　D．encouragingly

　　5．What is the best title of the passage?

　　A．Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom

　　B．Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture

　　C．Have a Nice Day — a Heart­warming Greeting

　　D．Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation

　　B

　　I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly.As a doctor，mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it，from the baby's point of view.

　　Mothers，doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby's blood sugar level lies.All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed.In this state，the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible.The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.

　　It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four­hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock­watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night.I've never heard anything so ridiculous.Baby feeding shouldn't follow a timetable set by the mum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way，though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.

　　Well，at last we have copper­bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding.The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5,7,11 and 14，than babies fed according to the clock.By the age of 8，their IQ(智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample(样本)of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s，taking account of parental education，family income，a child's sex and age，the mother's health and feeding style.These results don't surprise me.Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.

　　I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices.

　　6．According to Paragraph 2，one reason why a baby cries is that it feels ______.

　　A．sick

　　B．upset

　　C．sleepy

　　D．hungry

　　7．What does the author think about Dr King?

　　A．He is strict.

　　B．He is unkind.

　　C．He has the wrong idea.

　　D．He sets a timetable for mothers.

　　8．The word copper­bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.

　　A．basic

　　B．reliable

　　C．surprising

　　D．interesting

　　9．What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand?

　　A．The baby will sleep well.

　　B．The baby will have its brain harmed.

　　C．The baby will have a low blood sugar level.

　　D．The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.

　　10．The author supports feeding the baby ______.

　　A．in the night

　　B．every four hours

　　C．whenever it wants food

　　D．according to its blood sugar level

　　C

　　I was blind，but I was ashamed of it if it was known.I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help.After all，I was a teenage girl，and I couldn't bear people to look at me and think I was not like them.I must have been a terrible danger on the roads.Coming across me wandering through the traffic，motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes.Apart from that，there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.

　　One evening，I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses，and as usual I ran into something.“I'm awfully sorry，”I said and stepped forward only to run into it again.When it happened a third time，I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost.This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me.So I carried on and found the bus stop，which was a request stop，where the bus wouldn't stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off.No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.

　　Generally in this situation，because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help，I tried to guess at the sound.Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away.In the end，I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.

　　But on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop；it seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus.Of course I heard plenty of buses pass，or I thought I did.But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself，I let them all go by.I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one.Then I gave up.I decided to walk on to the next stop.

　　11．The girl refused to ask for help because she thought ______.

　　A．she might be recognized

　　B．asking for help looked silly

　　C．she was normal and independent

　　D．being found blind was embarrassing

　　12．After the girl got off the bus that evening，she______.

　　A．began to run

　　B．hit a person as usual

　　C．hit a lamppost by accident

　　D．was caught by something

　　13．At the request stop that evening，the girl ______.

　　A．stopped a big lorry

　　B．stopped the wrong bus

　　C．made no attempt to stop the bus

　　D．was not noticed by other people

　　14．What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus?

　　A．Other vehicles also stopped there.

　　B．It was unreliable for making judgments.

　　C．More lorries than buses responded to the girl.

　　D．It took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.

　　15．Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop，hoping ______.

　　A．to find people there

　　B．to find more buses there

　　C．to find the bus by herself there

　　D．to find people more helpful there

　　D

　　Saturday and Sunday afternoons—the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing.Sport events are the most popular weekend programs，especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week.This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.

　　Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports.The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers.They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers，cars and life insurance.

　　Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming.These sports attract few viewers，and the ratings（收视率）are unusually low.However，the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers.It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States，including many lawyers and business managers.This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling high­priced cars，business and personal computers，and holiday trips.This is also why the networks continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings.Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high­income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computers.With such viewers，these programs don't need high ratings to stay on the air.

　　16．Television sport programs on weekend afternoons ______.

　　A．result in more sport events

　　B．get more viewers to play sports

　　C．make more people interested in television

　　D．bring more money to the television networks

　　17．Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs?

　　A．Because there would be few viewers.

　　B．Because the advertisers would be off work.

　　C．Because television programs would go slowly.

　　D．Because viewers would pay less for watching television.

　　18．In many families，men make decisions on ______.

　　A．holiday trips

　　B．sports viewing

　　C．television shopping

　　D．expensive purchases

　　19．The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because ______.

　　A．their advertisers are carmakers

　　B．their viewers are attracted by sports

　　C．their advertisers target at rich people

　　D．their viewers can afford expensive cars

　　20．What is the passage mainly about?

　　A．Television ratings are determined by male viewers.

　　B．Rich viewers contribute most to television companies.

　　C．Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television.

　　D．Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events.

　　考向分析

　　一、分析近几年高考阅读理解题可知其呈现如下特点：

　　1．体裁多样，题材广泛

　　短文基本都会包含记叙文、议论文和说明文。因此本书也会引导考生弄清各种体裁的特点，掌握其阅读方法。同时，近几年的高考阅读涉及了广泛的题材，如社会生活、学校生活、环境问题、个人经历和情感、科学等。

　　2．词汇量大，阅读比例加大

　　近几年高考阅读理解词数一般在300～400词之间，词汇量大，且从2011年起广东省阅读理解题由原来的3篇增加到4篇。短文长度基本不变，但整体阅读量明显增加。

　　二、考点及考纲要求：

　　英语考试大纲规定：要求考生能读懂公告、说明、广告及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。具体包括以下6点：

　　1．理解主旨和要义；

　　2．理解文中具体信息；

　　3．根据上下文推断生词的词义；

　　4．作出简单判断和推理；

　　5．理解文章的基本结构；

　　6．理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

　　特别提示：（1）在历年高考中，要求考生“理解文中具体信息”，即细节理解题所占比例最大。

　　（2）以上1、2、3、4、6五项考纲要求在试题中的具体体现，我们在本书中分别称为主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题和推理判断题。

　　答题步骤

　　一、掌握三种有效的阅读方法

　　1．略读（skimming）：即快速浏览文章的标题，首段或尾段，每段的首尾句以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语等重要部分，达到了解文章大意或中心思想的目的。

　　2．寻读（scanning）：即带着问题或者关键词进行快速阅读，以最快速度寻找所需信息。

　　3．细读（careful reading）：即在略读和寻读之后，考生能基本了解文章大意和相关信息范围，这时在相关范围内逐字逐句地仔细阅读，并通过分析、综合、比较、联想等方法，结合相关常识或经验进行推理判断。

　　二、由于个人情况不一样，解题的顺序也会有所差异，有人喜欢先看题再阅读，有人喜欢先阅读再看题。以下推荐5个步骤：

　　1．略读文章，了解文章大意及各段大意；

　　2．阅读题干及各选项，了解考查的内容；

　　3．带着问题或关键词用寻读法到文中找到相关句、段；

　　4．细读相关句、段进行推理判断，得出答案；

　　5．复读检查，验证答案，尤其对把握不大的题目。

　　规律方法

　　一、细节理解题

　　1．细节理解题常见的命题方式有以下几种：

　　（1）Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage?

　　（2）Which of the following （sentences/statements）is NOT true according to the passage?

　　（3）According to the passage，all of the following are TRUE except/but ______.

　　（4）The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT ______.

　　（5）In the passage，the author states that ______.

　　（6）According to the passage，when （where，why，how，who，etc.）...

　　（7）Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.

　　（8）Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of...?

　　（9）Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what...is like?

　　2．解题方法

　　细节理解题设题时为了避免出现原文中所用的词汇，常常用一些同义词，近义词或反义词（双重否定）。因而在解题时要注意语意转换。

　　（1）设题之顺序原则：一般来说，题序与其相关信息在文中的顺序一致，如某题的答案信息往往会在下一小题的答案信息之前。

　　（2）了解干扰项设置，主要有以下5种设置：

　　①正误并存：部分正确，部分错误。

　　扩大或缩小范围：是原文信息，但不是题干要求的信息。

　　偷换概念：符合常识，但不是文章的内容。