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重庆市2024高考英语阅读理解选编（63）（附解析）
【2024高考复习】阅读理解
Many of us still tend to think that emotions can affect reasonablethought，and sometimes land us in trouble.But in recent
years psychologists have taken quite a different view.Keith Oatley，Professor of Psychology at Glasgow University，is involved in the research which shows the fundamental importance of emotions.
He believes we_are_very_ambivalent_about_them：we think of our emotions as being unreasonable，but we also consider them as essential to being human.For example，Mr Spock，a character in the television series Star Trek，is superintelligent and he has no emotions at all.However，he is never made captain of the spaceship.Maybe，this is because Mr Spock is not the kind of person you can share your feelings with—a person who shows his emotions.
As Professor Oatley points out，our emotions have very important functions，for example，fear.If we cross the road and a car approaches，we usually stop moving or step back.We stop what we are doing，check what we have done and pay very careful attention to the environment.The emotion of fear makes us take this small series of actions which，on average，help preserve our safety.
On the other hand，if things are going well and small problems come up，we find we can solve them with the resources we have to hand.As a consequence，we tend to feel happy and usually continue doing the job.
Anger is an emotion that tends to occur when someone is preventing
us from doing something.Then this small “kit” of reactions enables us to
prepare ourselves to be quite aggressive to that person，or to try harder，and so on.
Professor Oatley believes emotions generally occur at these important moments in actions.With fear and anger our emotions make us decide to start
doing something else，while with happiness they “suggest” we continue what we are already doing.
【语篇解读 相关研究表明，情感对人而言至关重要，不可或缺。
1．What’s Keith Oatley’s opinion about emotions?
A．They affect reasonable thought.
B．They get us into trouble.
C．They are helpful to us.
D．They are reasonable.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“which shows the fundamental importance of emotions”以及第三段中的“our emotions have very important functions”可知，Oatley认为情感对我们来说是有益的。
答案 C
2．What does the underlined part “we are very ambivalent about them” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．We have contradictory feelings towards emotions.
B．We have similar ideas of emotions.
C．We are quite clear about emotions.
D．We can do nothing about emotions.
解析 句意理解题。根据第二段中的“we think of our emotions as being unreasonable，but we also consider them as essential to being human”可知，我们认为我们的情感毫无道理，但对于我们人类来说，它是必不可少的，这足以说明我们的矛盾心理。
答案 A
3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Fear helps us to be careful about our surroundings.
B．Happiness inspires us to continue what we are doing.
C．Anger may urge us to make greater efforts.
D．Anger tends to do us more harm than good.
解析 细节理解题。本题可用排除法。根据第三段的内容可知A项正确；根据第四段的最后一句可知B项正确；根据第五段的最后一句可知C项正确。
答案 D
4．It can be inferred from the passage that________.
A．we must control our emotions in daily life
B．emotions play a more important part than we realize
C．positive emotions such as love and joy are good for us
D．negative emotions make us continue what we are doing
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可推知，积极的情感和消极的情感都发挥着比我们意识到的更重要的作用。
答案 B阅读理解As children reach kindergarten and early grade-school age, they continue to become increasingly more aware of the wider world beyond home, school and their neighborhood. If you haven’t already done so, this can be an excellent time to teach your child about the environment, and how you can work together to go green as a family. If you’ve already introduced some eco-friendly habits in your home, here are some ways your growing child can contribute more to the greening of his world and beyond.
My 7-year-old son discovered a magazine cover on the table that featured a cover line about polar bears being endangered because of global warming. I decided to be straight with him—I said yes, there is a danger to polar bears and other wildlife because of pollution. But I told him that we can all do something to go green and help make a difference, and perhaps help the polar bears and all living things on our planet.
My grandmothers were immigrants(移民)who lived through wars in South Korea. They used to constantly remind me to turn off the lights, and even not to use too much toilet paper. As it turns out, these were great lessons. Have your child get into the habit of turning off lights and electronic equipment when he’s not using them. A nice bonus(意外收获): reducing electricity use can help cut down your bills. A grade-schooler is old enough to understand that water comes from lakes and pools. Explain that wasting it can affect everyone who depends on that water. Wasting water also means wasting energy. A tap that runs for five minutes is equal to letting a 60-watt bulb run for 14 hours, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.
Make it easier for your grade-schooler to go green by choosing different baskets for glass, metal, paper, and plastic. Have your child draw pictures of recyclable types to mark each basket. Once a season or more, have your child help you look for used clothing, books, toys and other things around the house to give away to local shelters(避难所).
【文章大意】本文作者以自己的亲身经历告诉其他母亲应该如何在生活中帮助孩子变得更有环保意识, 让他们从小就有保护环境的观念。
1. The underlined word“contribute”in Paragraph 1 means .
A. buy
B. use C. give D. find
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由于本句里的introduced说明如果你已经介绍给孩子一些环保习惯了, 而且在接下来的三个段落中作者本人又给出一些关于绿色生活的建议。所以这里的contribute的意思是“给出”。
2. What makes polar bears in danger according to the passage?
A. The global warming at present and in future.
B. The pollution of the air in developed countries.
C. The loss of the forest all over the world at present.
D. The hunt for them by people from across the world.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。第二段第一句里的being endangered because of global warming是本题的解题线索。需注意的是B选项, 虽然第二段说到了污染危及一些野生动物的生存, 但并不是针对空气污染而言, 所以不能选B。
3. What does the author learn from her grandmothers?
A. Make peace with any other country.
B. Not moving to other foreign countries.
C. Turn off the lights and the water to go green.
D. Live a simple life without spending too much.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。第三段作者提到了自己的祖母和外祖母经历过战争后尤其重视节省, 本段的第二句话是解题线索, 第三、四句是作者的体会和经验, 第五句开始给出了自己也身体力行的理由, 所以答案选C。但是注意D项虽然不错, 但是和第二句作者的祖母和外祖母的要求相比, 没有确切说明为了环保而做的具体措施, 所以不能选。
4. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Ways to Help Your Child Make Money.
B. Ways to Help Your Child Go Green.
C. Setting up a Recycling Centre for Your House.
D. Setting up Eco-friendly Habits Is Necessary.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。首先要明确这篇文章的作者是一个母亲, 她在以自己的经历告诉别的母亲应该帮助自己的孩子更环保, 所以选项里的关键词是child和green。
【技法导练】多学一点 棋高一着
阅读理解——“圈点信息”的细节理解题
细节理解, 就是在原文中能找到的信息, 可以采用“圈点信息”法, 把涉及的信息“圈点”出来, 以便分析利用。做细节理解题时, 可使用如下方法:
1. 细心审题, 带问题“圈”答案。先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼), 然后以此为线索, 运用略读及跳读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味, 对照比较, 确定答案。
2. 变通理解, 间接转述“圈”答案。高考设题常对原句细微处进行改动, 选取原文词语或结构进行改造, 因果倒置, 把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
3. 多点归纳, 综合事实“圈”答案。全面捕捉相关信息, 进行综合分析、归纳, 切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。
上篇文章中的第2题为细节理解题。审题发现此题要求寻找, 这样带着这个问题去原文中“圈点信息”就可以发现“”为原因, 由此可以找到答案。
答案: 造成北极熊濒临危险的原因全球变暖阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：说明文 话题：社会现象 词数：390 时间：8′
It's midnight in Taiwan.While some people are slowly walking home through the busy streets，or getting ready to hit the club scene，others are on their way to a more unusual place—a bookstore.The Eslite store in central Taipei opens 24 hours and has more visitors than most Western bookstores could dream of during their daytime hours.Here，young and old sit sidebyside on small steps or around reading tables，deeply absorbed in literary worlds.Others stand and some sit on the floor，all reading in silence as soft classical music flows out from the speakers.
The Eslite Group，which runs the fivestory store，opened its first branch in Taipei in 1989.Today，25 years on，the company runs 42 stores in Taiwan，one in Hong Kong and has powerful plans to expand in Chinese mainland.The chain's rise comes at a time when bookstores in the United States and Europe are struggling to survive，with some forced to wind__up due to growing pressure from online competitors like Amazon.In the United Kingdom，a third of all independent bookstores have closed down in the last decade.
And the last major book seller in the U．S.—Barnes & Noble—is shutting stores as its management struggles to meet the challenges from its digital competitors.Eslite has hit upon an idea to avoid this—making the store as much a place for books as it is for design，fashion and home styling，small cafes and restaurants.It reported revenue (收入) of around $425 million in 2024，with books accounting for some 40 percent of sales.
The mix of literature and design has made the store a place for bookworms，allowing the company to ignore the challenges of the digital age.“It is our belief that the more digital the society (becomes)，the
more
we
treasure
the
warmth
of
the interconnection，”Timothy Wang，the manager，says.“This key idea makes Eslite hardly influenced by the changes of the industry.”
Eslite's success may seem counterintuitive(反直觉的) especially when it seems most latenight visitors treat it like a library，leaving empty handed after hours of free reading.Eslite's Timothy Wang says that the business is successful because it creates “a friendly environment” and treats “books as well as the visitors with great enthusiasm.”
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了为什么台湾图书销售繁荣，因为有很多可以看书的夜店。
．According to the passage，we can know that ________．
A．people in Taipei have no time to read in the daytime
B．people in Taipei enjoy reading in the Eslite store
C．the Eslite Group is a good place to chat with friends
D．the Eslite store attracts many Western readers
答B [细节理解题。根据第一段后三句内容可知，台北诚品书店24小时营业，它拥有的顾客比许多西方国家书店里白天的顾客还多。在这里，老人和小孩挨着坐在小阶梯上或者紧挨着书桌，深深地陷入文学世界。有的站着看，还有的坐在地板上看，柔和的古典音乐从扬声器里流淌出来，所有的人都在只剩音乐的一片寂静中阅读书籍。由此可知，台北的人们喜欢在诚品书店读书。]
2．What's the meaning of the underlined phrase “wind up” in Paragraph 2?
A．Find out.
B．Support.
C．Develop.
D．Shut down.
答案 D [词义猜测题。根据第二段“The chain's rise comes at a time when bookstores in the United States and Europe are struggling to survive...In the United Kingdom，a third of all independent bookstores have closed down in the last decade.”可知台北诚品连锁书店正在崛起，而此时美国和欧洲的书店正惨淡经营。在过去的十年里，英国三分之一的独立书店已经停业。由此可知，由于来自电商竞争者的压力日益剧增，比如亚马逊，有的书店不得不被迫“关门”。画线短语的意思是：关门，停业。]
．How does the Eslite Group enlarge its business according to Paragraph 3?
A．By selling books online.
B．By competing with digital competitors.
C.By making its store comfortable and relaxing.
D．By selling books at a low price.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第三段“Eslite has hit upon an idea to avoid this—making the store as much a place for books as it is for design，fashion and home styling，small cafes and restaurants.”可知，诚品书店突发奇想出了一个躲避低潮的办法——把书店打造成一个有设计感、时尚、家庭风格的小咖啡馆和餐厅式的地方。由此可推知，诚品书店把书店打造成一个舒适、放松的地方吸引更多的读者。]
．Which is the best title for this passage?
A．How to sell books in the digital age
B．Ways of managing a bookstore successfully
C．Why book selling is successful in Taiwan
D．The measures taken to protect the booksellers in the digital age
答案 C [标题判断题。文章主要介绍了台湾的诚品书店在电商时代是如何取得成功的。]阅读理解Walk down the drinks section at the supermarket.Look in the drink cooler in your local convenience store.A new drink is taking up more and more space on the shelves，and that drink is water.Bottled water sales in the US rose to 1.7 billion gallons in 2010 for plastic bottles alone，compared to total sales of only 700 million gallons in 1990.Whereas bottled water was once associated only with the rich and the privileged (特权阶层)，it is now regularly drunk by people at all income levels despite the fact that the price of bottled water can be between 240 and 10,000 times higher per gallon than tap water.What accounts for this surprising increase in demand?
Traditionally，people have drunk bottled water for health reasons.The practice of “taking the waters” originated with
the Romans，who believed that a person developed a healthy mind by building a healthy body.Across Europe，drinking or bathing in mineral water has been associated with the power to cure various diseases.Health spas at Evian in France and Pellegrino in Italy began bottling water so that their consumers could continue their treatments at home.The consumers in the 21st century are also concerned about health.However，in America，where the habit of drinking bottled water is relatively new，the concern is often more related to the purity or sterilization (消毒) of the water than to its mineral contents.Americans are often worried about the effects of the chemical pollution and other contaminants on the water supply.Many Americans view bottled water as a safe alternative to tap water.
