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阅读理解精讲精炼18
94.
San Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. And, Longview has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark.
The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars.
The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times,
Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over.
One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that day's coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会). The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere jokingly named the bridge “Nutty Narrows. ”
After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started construction. They built the 60foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose (消防水带). It cost $1,000.
It didn't take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching_them_the_ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became known in newspapers all over the world.
In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the wornout bridge. Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge.
Peters died in 1984, and a tenfoot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.
67. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to
________.
A. offer squirrels a place to eat nuts
B. set up a local landmark
C. help improve traffic
D. protect squirrels
68. What happened over the coffee break discussion?
A. The committee got the Council's blessing.
B. The squirrel bridge idea was born.
C. A councilwoman named the bridge.
D. A squirrel was found dead.
69. What does the underlined phrase “teaching them the ropes” probably mean in the text?
A. Passing them a rope.
B. Directing them to store food for winter.
C. Teaching them a lesson.
D. Showing them how to use the bridge.
70. Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge?
A. It was replaced by a longer one.
B. It was built from wood and metal.
C. It was rebuilt after years of use.
D. It was designed by Bill Hutch.
71. What can we learn about Amos Peters?
A. He is remembered for his love of animals.
B. He donated $1,000 to build the bridge.
C. He was a member of the City Council.
D. He was awarded a medal for building the bridge.
【要点综述】文章主要讲述了Amos Peters观察到松鼠在觅食时遇到交通带来的危险，他还看到一只死了的松鼠嘴里还含着食物，他设想要为松鼠们设计一个能保证它们安全的桥。后来通过努力这个桥终于设计成功，并为世界所知，引起国际的关注，成为当地的一道风景。
67. D 细节理解题。 第二段的“… to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars.”看出建这座桥是为了保证松鼠的安全。故选D。
68. B 推理判断题。题干关键词为“coffee break discussion”。由第四段“and that day's coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council.”可以看出在此期间，建松鼠桥的想法产生了。故选B。
69. D 词义猜测题。根据本句的“Squirrels were even seen guiding their young”看出，是教小松鼠如何使用这个桥。故选D。
70. C 细节理解题。倒数第二段的“Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced”看出数年之后，这座桥得到了重修。故选C。
71. A 推理判断题。从最后一段的Peters died in 1984, and a tenfoot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.看出，人们在桥附近修建雕像来纪念Amos Peters对动物的这份爱心。故选A。
Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.
Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you're cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of nonfrozen water.
If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet's water. Sometimes owners don't realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drink. Animals that don't have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.
41．What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?
A．They are often forgotten by their owners.
B．They are used to living outdoors.
C．They build their own shelters.
D．They like to stay in warm places.
42．Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?
A．To know when to bring them inside.
B．To keep them from eating bad food.
C．To help them find shelters.
D．To keep them company.
43．If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ________.
A．run short of clean water
B．dig deep holes for fun
C．dirty the snow nearby
D．get lost in the wild
44．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To solve a problem.
B．To give practical advice.
C．To
tell an interesting story.
D．To present a research result.
【要点综述】本文主要介绍在天气寒冷的时候，怎样使你的宠物又暖和又安全。宠物也喜欢待在温暖的室内。如果需要让它们待在户外的时候，一定要多留心，给它们提供良好的住所、饮用水等。
41. D 细节理解题。结合第一段的“Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所)as they are.”可知宠物也像人们一样，喜欢待在温暖的环境中，因此选D。A项中的“被主人忘记”，与原文的“忘记它们喜欢温暖的地方”不一致；B项是人们的错误的认识；没有提到C项。
42. A 细节理解题。结合第二段的“When you're cold enough to go inside, they probably are too.” 可知是如果你感到冷了，这个时候你的宠物们也需要进入室内了，所以选A。B项“阻止它们吃坏的食物”；C项“帮助它们找到庇护所”；D项“同它们作伴”，均与原文的意思不符。
43. A 细节理解题。从最后一段的“Sometimes owners don't realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can't get anything to drink.”可知在寒冷的天气里，水会被冻住，因此宠物们可能会缺水喝。B项中“for fun”错误；C项“把附近的雪弄脏”；D项“在野外迷路”，与原文信息不符。
44. B 作者意图题。作者主要是对那些养宠物的人们提出了一个具体的建议：在寒冷的天气里，怎样照顾好他们的宠物。因此选B。A项“解决问题”；C项“讲述一个有趣的故事”；D项“呈现一个研究结果”，与作者的意图不符。
96.
Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
Kindhearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone's a winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”
Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mindsets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here's how they work：
A fixed mindset is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic—you're a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mindset believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it's quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.
On the other hand, a growth mindset believes that no talent is entirely heavensent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego(自尊) isn't on the line as much, the growth mindset sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.
We are all born with growth mindsets. (Otherwise, we wouldn't be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mindsets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck's book, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.
57．What does the author think about the present generation?
A．They don't do
well at school.
B．They are often misunderstood.
C．They are eager to win in sports.
D．They are given too much praise.
58．A fixed mindset person is probably one who ________.
A．doesn't want to work hard
B．cares a lot about personal safety
C．cannot share his ideas with others
D．can succeed with the help of teachers
59．What does the growth mindset believe?
A．Admitting failure is shameful.
B．Talent comes with one's birth.
C．Scores should be highly valued.
D．Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.
60．What should parents do for their children based on Dweck's study?
A．Encourage them to learn from failures.
B．Prevent them from making mistakes.
C．Guide them in doing little things.
D．Help them grow with praise.
【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了两种不同的心态对待失败的态度。the fixed mindset和the growth mindset对待失败有着不同的认识并且会采取不同的方式来对待失败。
57. D 推理判断题。根据第一段的“As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them ‘the overpraised generation.’”可知作者是同意这个教授的说法的，指现在的孩子们是属于被过度表扬的一代人。A“他们在校学习不好”，B“他们经常被误会”，没有提及这个信息；C“他们渴望在比赛中获胜”；与原文的“scores and performance were played down”“分数被看轻”这个信息矛盾。
58. A 细节理解题。从第三段的“The fixed mindset believes it's sure to succeed without much effort…”可知具有这种心态的人不会去努力付出。B“关注个人安全”；C“不与他人分享看法”；D“在老师的帮助下可以成功”；均与事实不符。
59. D 细节理解题。结合第四段的“When faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again.In fact, it enjoys this experience.”可知具有这种心态的人认为解决困难是一种享受。
60. A 推理判断题。Dweck教授研究了两种对待失败的心态以及采取的不同行动，告诉了父母们应该鼓励孩子们从失败中学习，获取经验和教训，而不是去责备他人或者逃避困难等，所以选A。B“阻止他们犯错误”；C“指导他们做小事”；D“用表扬来帮助他们成长”；均与事实不符。
97.
Inside the pleasingly fragrant cafe, So All May Eat(SAME) in downtown Denver, the spirit of generosity(慷慨)is instantly noticeable: A donation box stands in place of a cash register. Customers here pay only what they can afford, no questions asked.
A risky business plan, perhaps, but SAME Cafe has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years: Open only at midday, the restaurant provides poor local people with healthy, delicious lunches six days a week. Those unable to pay for their meals can instead volunteer as waiters and waitresses, and dishwashers, or look after the buildings and equipment for the cafe.
“It's based on trust, and it's working all right，” says coowner Brad Birky, who started the cafe in 2006 with his wife Libby. Previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there.
“We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable, regardless of their circumstances，” Birky says. SAME's special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farmers.
The cafe now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day. And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading. In early 2007, one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye to the Birkys. “He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the hurricane cleanup，” says Birky.
68. What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys previously worked for?
A. They refused to have volunteers.
B. They offered
low quality food.
C. They provided customers with a good environment.
D. They closed down because of poor management.
69. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. The customers who cannot pay can work as volunteers instead.
B. More volunteers will go to New Orleans for the hurricane cleanup.
C. Many new cafes will be opened to offer free lunches in the town.
D. The lunch menu has remained the same since the cafe was started.
70. The author's attitude towards running such a cafe is ________.
A. unfavorable
B. approving
C. doubtful
D. cautious
【要点综述】本文是记叙文。在多佛有一家谁都可以进来吃饭的餐馆。这里提供捐款箱，客人可以随意捐献，并且那些穷人在这里可以以打工的方式来付饭钱。
68. B 细节理解题。从Previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served here.我们知道，以前他们提供的是质量很差的饭菜。
69. A 细节理解题。从第二段最后一句我们知道，那些无法支付饭费的人可以在这里打工。其他选项文章中并没有提及。
70. B 观点态度题。作者在最后一段提到And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading，由此我们知道，作者觉得这是慷慨之举，并且这样的精神在发扬光大，因此是持赞成的态度。
98.
Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship. It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable_young_people (ages 7－17)with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.
