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2010届高三英语一轮复习必备精品
必修5 Unit3 Life in the future
高考导航
高考命题趋势
1. impression一词是高考考查重点词汇。近几年高考中虽然没有直接考查本词用法,但是在很多考查词汇题中间接考到,因此对本词应着重重视。2. remind是考纲中四会词汇,考查中侧重其用法remind sb. about/of sth. ;remind sb.+(that)/wh-从句;remind sb. to do sth.。有时可能与其他语法项目同时考查,如在2009福建卷32题中,见真题再现。
3. require一词可以考察其后跟doing相当于to be done的形式,类似的的词有want,need;也可以从其后跟从句用should+do的形式来考察,考生应准确把握这一点。
4.高考关于 take 的考题不止一次考查,对于本单元take up 也曾考到。与take搭配形成的短语往往义项不止一个,因此需要平时多积累多比较,才能正确理解。
5. 由while引导的句子应特别注意。我们知道while在不同的句子中可以引导时间状语从句,并列句和让步状语从句,应准确把握,详见“重难点解析” 。
6.本单元语法是是过去分词作状语和定语,其重要性不用多说,考生需要多做相关练习,慢慢体会,准确理解,方可在此类试题上不失分。
1.The ______ on his face told me that he was angry.(NMET 2006湖北) A.impression B.sight C.appearance D.expression 【解析】选D。语境为:他脸上的表情告诉我他生气了。 A项表“心里留下关于某事、某人的印象”,B项表“视力、情境”,C项表“表面、外表”,而D项基本义为“表达、词组”,但其也可引申为a look on a person’s face表情,故选D项。
2. The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly impressed ________ my memory. (2003上海春季高考题)
A.to B.over C.by D.on
【解析】选D
固定搭配 sth impress on sth else, be impressed on/upon sth“给……留下了印象”。
3.
not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009福建卷32)
。A. Reminding
B. Reminded
C. To remind
D. Having reminded
【解析】选B考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager,非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系,且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生,非谓语动词用过去分词,选B
4. China has got a good
for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. (2009安徽) .
。A. reputation
B. influence
C. impression
D. knowledge
【解析】选A
本题考查名词的用法。四个近义词来区分.从句意及空格后面的介词入手,表达”中国在.....上面有着较好的威望”应接介词for.
Influence和.impression后接on.。 Knowledge后则习惯用of.
5. -------He says that my new car is a ____________ of money.
-------Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes? (09山东)
A. lack
B. load
C. question
D. waste
【解析】D 考查单词的区别:lack缺乏;load负担;question疑问;waste 浪费;根据句意,尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。
(NMET 2004上海卷第54题)
6. To keep healthy,Professor Johnson____ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.
A. took up
B. caught on
C. carried out
D. made for
【解析】答案为A。
句意:在退休后,为保持健康,约翰逊教授把经常骑自行车作为锻炼。
7. When______different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(2005年浙江)
A.compared
B.being compared
C.comparing
D.having compared
【解析】本题考查现在分词作时间状语,可将原句子改为:“When we compare difierent cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.”选择C选项。
8. ______ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.(2004年湖北)
A.Compare
B.When comparing C.Comparing
D.When compared
【解析】本题考查过去分词作时间状语,可以将原句子改为:“When the biggest ocean is compared with size of the whole earth, it doesn’t seem big at all.”选择D选项。
9. _________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
09江西)
A. Giving
B. Having given
C. To give
D. Given
【解析】D 考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出:If they are given the right kind of training , 可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之间是被动的关系,所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则,连词if 也可省,所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager soccer players……
10._____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged
B. Encouraging
C. Encouraged
D. Having encouraged
【解析】考查非谓语动词过去分词作原因状语的用法。分析句子可以看出,这是一个省略的原因状语从句,前后主语都是many farmers,由by the advances in technology,可知许多农民受到鼓舞,选C符合。
11. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace,
with his old one. (2009重庆)
。A. comparing
B. compares
C. to compare
D. compared
【解析】考查分词的用法。表达“与某物或某人相比”用compared with/to sb/sth. 。
impressionn. 印象;感想;印记2. remind vt. 提醒;使想起3. lack n. &v. 缺乏;没有 press
n. &v.按;压;逼迫;印刷;资讯 sightn. 视力;视觉;见requirevt. 需要;要求;命令
重点短语 1. make a deep/strong impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象 impress sb. with sth.= impress sth. on sb.使人记住某事 2. take up 拿起/占用/接受/开始/从事/继续/选修 speed up 加速 sweep up 打扫 / 横扫 /掠过 use up 用光 come up 过来 eat up 吃光 sit up 熬夜 / 坐正 turn up 出现 / 开大(音/水量) 3. remind sb. of sth. 使某人回想起某事 /提醒某人某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事 remind sb. that … 提醒某人…… 4. as a result (of…) 结果 5. suffer from 遭受 6. be similar to 和…相似 7. keep doing sth. 一直做某事 8. the six of us 我们六人(共六人) 9. by/ for /through +( the / a ) lack of… 由于……的缺乏 be lacking in 缺乏(品质 /特点) lack for …(否定句) 缺乏…… 10. in no time 很快,立刻 11. on one’s feet (从病痛或挫折中)复原 12. in all directions 四面八方 13. Sb. lose / catch sight of …. 看不见 / 看见 Sb. / Sth. be in / out of sight 看得见 / 看不见 at first sight 第一眼 at the sight of… 一看见……就……
重点句型 1. Think about how many changes there have been in the last one thousand years . 想想近一千年来有多少变化。 2. What problems do you think people in the future will have overcome? 你认为,未来的人将已克服了什么问题? 3.The air seemed thin as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. 空气似乎很稀薄,好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。 4. Why not sit down and rest? = Why don’t you sit down and rest? 为什么不坐下休息呢? 5. What three visits would you ask to go on if you were Li Qiang ? 如果你是李强,你想去哪三个地方看看? 6. Neither of these creatures is easy to talk to . 这两种生物都不容易与之交谈。 7. The dimpods have so many arms and legs that you can’t tell which is which. “丁波兹”有这么多的臂和腿,以致你无法区分哪些是手臂哪些是腿。 8. Everyone will get twice as much personal space as in flats on land. 每个人都将得到陆上公寓两倍的个人空间。 本单元的主要语法项目是过去分词作状语和定语 1. impression n. 印象;感想;印记
【】1)固定搭配:
leave/make/have a...impression 给某人留下……印象
be under the impression that... 觉得;以为
his impression of her=her impression on him 她给他留下的印象
2)其动词形式impress用法:
impress 作“使(某人)印象深刻”时,常用结构有:impress sth. on/upon sib ./ impress sb. with sth .给……留下深刻的印象;使铭记;通常用于被动语态:
be impressed by/at/with sth.或be impressed on one’s mind/memory。如:The teachers were most impressed by your performance in the exam.
所有老师被你们的考试成绩所深深感动。
【经典例句】His speech made quite an impression on the audience.
他的演说给听众留下了相当好的印象。【即学即用】1)________________________________ was favourable.他给我的第一印象不错。
(答案: His first impression on me / My first impression of him)
2) His trip to India made ____________________________________.他的印度之行对他的触动很大。
(答案:a strong impression on him)
3) He ____________________________with his sincerity. 他的真诚打动了她。
(答案: impressed her )
2. remind vt. 提醒;使想起 【用法解读】1)remind v.提醒;使想起;常用结构有: remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事;remind sb.+(that)/wh-从句 提醒某人……;使某人想起……; remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意识到……;提醒某人某事
2)作“回忆起”解时,其同义词为recall。如:
I recall stories that my father told me years ago.
我还记得爸爸几 年前给我讲的故事。【经典例句】The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.
看到钟使我想起我已经迟到了。
He reminded the children to wash their hands.
他提醒孩子们去洗手。
This song reminds me of my childhood.
这首歌曲使我想起了我的孩提时代。
The doctor reminds me that I should see her again in two months.
医生提醒我两个月后应该再去看她。
【即学即用】①1You _________me ______your father when you say that.
你说这样的话使我想起了你的父亲。
(答案:remind
of)
②Remind me ________ __________Alan before I go out.
提醒我在出去之前给艾伦打电话。
(答案:to phone )
知识拓展:reminder n.提醒物;引起回忆的事物
3. lack n. &v. 缺乏;没有
【用法解读】1) lack 用作名词表示:“缺乏;短缺”;用作动词表示:“缺乏;短缺;没有;不足” 。
a lack of food /money/skills
缺乏食物/金钱/技能
2)固定搭配:
for lack of 因缺乏……
have no lack of 不缺乏……
lack for nothing 一无所缺
be lacking in 缺乏
【经典例句】n.She showed a lack of humor.
她缺少幽默。
v.A coward lacks courage.
怯懦者缺乏勇气。
【归纳比较】辨析lack与shortage:
lack是一个通用性名词,指整体或局部的不足;
shortage在表示局部欠缺方面与lack同义,但它在指固定的、必须的或一般习惯量的总数不足时,比lack所表示的不足更甚。
【即学即用】①The trip was cancelled through___________________________.
因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。
(答案:through lack of interest.)
②He ____________________________. 他缺乏信心。
(答案He lacks confidence. )
press
n. &v.按;压;逼迫;印刷;资讯
【】固定搭配:press on/upon
1)努力继续或前进,如:
The boys pressed on in spite of the wind.
男孩子们不顾大风继续前进。
2)把……强加于,迫使接受,如:
I wish he’d stop trying to press his views upon his students.
但愿他不再把他的观点强加给学生。【经典例句】v.He pressed the doorbell.
他按了门铃。
n.The book was favorably noticed by the press.
此书颇获资讯界好评。【】She ______
_________hard _____the gas pedal.
她用力踩下油门踏板。pressed down…on)
②He is still _________her claim_______ compensation(赔偿).
他仍坚持索赔。
(答案:pressing … for)
③______ _________was/were not allowed to attend the trial(审判).
庭审谢绝资讯采访。The press)
5. sight n. 视力;视觉;见【用法解读】1)sight 作不可数名词,意思是“视力;目光”。作为可数名词时,意为“光景,奇观”。
2)注意sights意为“名胜”,如:
Last summer we had seen the sights of Beijing.
去年夏天我们游览了北京的名胜。
【经典例句】Crusoe was frightened at the sight of a man’s footprint.
克鲁索看到一行人的脚印,他非常害怕。
【归纳比较】lose sight of 看不见, 忘记, 失去
其反义词组catch sight of sth/sb 看见某人/物
另外, at first sight 一见就;乍看起来 ; at (the) sight of 一看见就……; out of sight 看不见 : Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见,心不念。 be in sight 看得见,在眼前 ;
【即学即用】1)We___________________ several precious animals. 我们失去了很多的珍惜动物。
(答案: have lost sight of)
2)乍看起来,这个问题好像容易。 __________________________________________________.
(答案:At first sight, the problem seems easy.)
3)小岛仍然可以看的见。 _____________________________________.
(答案The small island is still in sight)
4)一看见老师男孩就跑掉。
________________________________________________.
(答案:At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away.)
requirevt. 需要;要求;命令
【用法解读】
1)固定搭配:require sth.(of sb.)命令,指示,如:
I will do everything that is required of me.
凡是要求我的事,我都会办到。
2) require 接宾语从句时,宾语从句须用should do这样的虚拟语气,其中should 可以省略。如:
The situation requires that I(should) be there.
形势需要我去那儿。
3)注意:表示“需要”时, 后接动词-ing形式的主动式表示被动动含义,等于不定式被动形式:The house requires mending. = The house requires to be mended.