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专题十六 交际用语
英语中的交际用语是用来进行双向交流的一种很重要的手段，因此是高考必考的一个项目。《课程标准》把功能意念项目分为：社会交往、情感、态度、时间、存在、特征、计量、比较、逻辑关系和职业十一个大项，六十八个小项。
由于中英文化的差异，风俗习惯的不同，汉语和英语在交际用语的使用上有时会有不同。因此，学生在使用语言进行交际时，一定要注意说话的场合和背景，讲话要符合英语的习惯。切忌不顾场合，或受汉语思维的干扰，乱讲一通。在平时的复习中，我们要尽量仿照教材或其他英语读物中出现的交际用语，逐渐培养自己运用英语进行交际的能力。
分析近几年的高考试题，我们可以发现在单项填空题中主要考查了以下几个方面的内容：
1．喜欢与厌恶
—________
—I'm fond of playing table tennis.
A．Do you like sports?
B．Which sport do you like best?
C．Playing table tennis is fun.
D．Is playing table tennis your favorite thing to do?
【答案与解析】 B 答语题意为“我喜欢打乒乓球”。这说明对方问的可能是“你最喜欢什么运动？”
2．看病
—I feel sick, doctor.
—________
—I am not sure，but I have got a bad headache.
A．How long have you been sick?
B．I'm sorry to hear that.
C．How are you feeling now?
D．Do you have a fever?
【答案与解析】 D 根据下文病人的答语I am not sure可知医生问的是“你发烧吗？
3.责备和抱怨
—I was really anxious about you. You shouldn't have left without a word.
—________
A．Why not？ B．Really?
C．I don't know.
D．I'm terribly sorry.
【答案与解析】 D 做了错事理应表示歉意。
4．约会
—When shall we meet, at 6: 00 or at 6: 30?
—________.
A．At any time
B．You make the time
C．Well, either time will do
D．Any time is OK
【答案与解析】 C 此题题干中的信息词是at 6：00 or at 6：30，表示两个时间概念。答语中的any不合适，因为any指三者或三者以上中的任何一个。
5．告别
—It's getting late. I'm afraid I must be going now.
—OK. ________
A．Take it easy.
B．Go slowly.
C．Stay longer.
D．See you.
【答案与解析】 D 客人道别，主人同意，然后道别。
6．道歉
—We missed you at this morning's meeting，Diana.
—________， but if I hadn't had to meet a friend, I would have been there.
A．Me, too
B．I'm sorry
C．Never mind
D．Thank you
【答案与解析】 B 理解题干中miss(没有看到)的确切含义是解答本题的关键，听话者必须对自己缺席会议道歉，并解释原因。
7．介绍
—Hi，I'm your new neighbor. My name is David.
—________
A．Do you live alone?
B．Where are you from?
C．Hi！It's good to see you. I'm George.
D．Oh，you are my new neighbor.
【答案与解析】 C 对方说出了是新邻居并做了自我介绍，你也要问候并做自我介绍。
8．问路
—Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bank is，please?
—________ Oh yes！It's past the office, next to a big market.
A．Mm，let me think.
B．Oh, I beg your pardon?
C．You're welcome.
D．What do you mean?
【答案与解析】 A 此题题干中的信息词是Oh yes！表明说话者有一个思考的过程。意思是“哦，让我想想。”
9.询问
—Do you think our basketballers played very well yesterday?
—________.
A．They are not nervous at all
B．They were still young
C．They played naturally
D．They couldn't have done better
【答案与解析】 D 此处They couldn't have done better是一句赞扬的话。说明他们已经尽了最大努力，不会打得比这再好了。
10.猜测与预见
—It's been raining for a whole week. I think it'll get fine soon.
—________. We are getting into the rainy season now.
A．Yes，it will
B．Of course not
C．It's possible
D．It's hard to say
【答案与解析】 D 一方认为“天很快会转晴”，另一方则表示一种“不肯定”的看法：很难说(It‘s hard to say.)。英语中表示不十分肯定的表达法还有“It seems that...；It looks as if...”等。
11．观点看法
—It took me ten years to build up my business，and it almost killed me.
—Well，you know what they say. ________.
A．There is no smoke without fire
B．Practice makes perfect
C．All roads lead to Rome
D．No pains，no gains
【答案与解析】 D 根据一方所陈述的“花了我十年时间成就事业，费了不少劲”可知，另一方则表达了观点“不劳无获(No pains, no gains)”。
12．感谢与应答
—Thanks for the lovely and delicious food.
— ________.
A．No thanks
B．Never mind
C．All right
D．My pleasure
【答案与解析】 D My pleasure. 常常用来回答对方的感谢。常见的回答感谢的方式还有：You're welcome. / Not at all. / Don't mention it. / That's all right. 等。
13．同意与反对
—Do you think I could borrow your bicycle?
—________
A．How come？
B．Take your time.
C．Yes，go on.
D．Yes，help yourself.
【答案与解析】 D 问题意为“我能够借用你的自行车吗？” 答语表示同意“好的，请随便吧。”表示同意的用语还有“Certainly / Exactly / Sure / Of course. / I agree. / No problem. / That's exactly what I was thinking.”等。2011全国卷I 35】—Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.
Well, you married one.
_______
.
A. You name it
B. I’ve got it
C. I can’t agree more
D. You should know
【答案】D
【考点】考察情景交际
【解析】句意：—艺术家有时生活挺困难的。—嗯，你嫁给了一个艺术家，应该是了解的。根据题意应选D。A. You name it表示全部说出来；B. I’ve got it表示我明白了；C. I can’t agree more表示我完全同意。
2011全国卷I 21】—We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.
—Yes,
______ ? I’ll give them a call right now.
A. why not
B. what for
C. why
D. what
A
【考点】考察情景交际。句意：—我们邀请约翰和芭芭拉来参加周五的派对好么？—好啊，我现在就给他们打电话。从题意可知，说话人B同意了A的观点，why not为什么不，表赞成，故选A。
【2011全国卷II 6】—Did you forget about my birthday?
—
_____ I’ve booked a table at Michel’s restaurant for this evening.
A. What then?
B. I’m afraid so.
C. How could I?
D. For sure.
C
【考点】考查交际用语。
【解析】根据”I’ve booked a table at Michel’s restaurant for this evening.”可知，答话人并没有忘记对方的生日，因此选择C，How could I?表示“我怎么能忘呢？”。What then?“那便会怎么样呢？”，I’m afraid so.“恐怕是这样。”，For sure.“肯定；确定。”，均不符合语境。
2011全国卷II 20】—So you gave her your phone?
______she said she'd return it to me when she could afford her own.
A. My pleasure
B. Not exactly
C. No doubt
D. All right
【答案】B
【考点】考查交际用语。
【解析】句意：“所以你把你的手机给她了？”“事实上不是，她说她自己能买得起的时候就把它还给我。“Not exactly表示”不完全如此“。My pleasure”不客气”，为道谢的答语；No doubt“毫无疑问”；Allright“行，好”，均不符合语境。
2011山东卷 22】—I’m sorry I broken the vase.
—Oh, _____. It wasn’t very expensive.
A. you’d better not
B. I’m
afraid not
C. as you wish
D. that’s all right
D
【考点】考查交际用语。
【解析】句意：对不起，我打碎了花瓶。--哦，没关系，它不很贵。根据句子情境上下文，用来回答sorry.其他选项不符合英语表达习惯A.“你最好别那样做”。B“我恐怕不是这样”C“正如你期待的”
2011山东卷 29】—Are you going to Tom’s birthday party?
—_____.I might have to work.
A. It depends
B. Thank you
C. Sound great
D. Don’t mention it
A
【考点】此题为考查交际用语。
【解析】句意“--你要去参加汤姆的生日聚会吗？--看情况而定。我可能得工作。”根据回答的后半句推测句意选A.C为“听起来不错”,用于接受某人的提议 D为“不用提了”用于回答别人说“thank you”.
2011江西卷 21】---- We need three single rooms for the first week in June.
---- ______. The hotel’s not busy then.
A. No problem
B. Don’t bother C. Never mind
D. It doesn’t matter
A
【考点】考察情景交际
【解析】No problem没问题。Don’t bother.别打扰。Never mind.没关系。It doesn’t matter.没关系前句问我是否可以预定六月第一周的房间吗？从后一句答语没问题,宾馆在之后是不忙的。所以前一句答语应该是肯定的并且语气十分肯定。答案：A
2011江苏卷 35】—You could always put the decisions off a little bit longer.
—___________ If I leave it much longer I might miss my chance.
A. That’s reasonable advice.
B. Isn’t it a good idea?
C. Do you think so?
D. I can’t agree more.
【答案】C
【考点】考查交际用语。
【解析】根据后面的句子If I leave it much longer I might miss my chance.可判断，第二个人并不赞同第一个人的说法，因此反问“你这样认为吗”。其他三项均表示赞同对方的说法或建议。
2011安徽卷 23】—Oh, you sounded just like a native.
______, I still have trouble expressing myself.
A. Well, not quite
B.I don’t care C. Yes, you’re right
D. I’m glad you like it
【答案】A
【考点】考查情境交际。
【解析】句意为：“哦，听起来你说地就像说母语的人一样。”“那里啊，我要表达自己的看法仍然有些困难”。A项为“并非完全”；B项为“我不介意”；C项为“你说的对”；D项为“你能喜欢我很高兴”。根据句意选择A项。
2011安徽卷 29】—You can have a pet dog, but suppose you get bored with it in a few days? _____？
We won’t, we promise!
A. Then what
B. All right
C. How come
D. So what
【答案】C
【考点】考查情境交际。
【解析】句意为：“你可以养只宠物狗，但是假如过了几天你厌烦了呢？下一步会怎么样呢？”“我们保证不会厌烦的。”A项为“下一步会怎样？下一步怎么办？”；B项为“好吧”，表示赞同别人的建议；C项为“怎么会呢？”，表示惊讶；D项为“那又怎样？”，表示对某事不关心或认为某事不重要。根据句意选择A项。
2011安徽卷 35】—We got here Tuesday afternoon.
_____Why didn’t you call us earlier?
A. Good luck!
B. You did?
C. It’s no surprise.
D. You are welcome
【答案】B
【考点】考查情境交际。
【解析】句意为：“我们是星期二下午到达这里的。”“是吗？那为什么不早点给我们打电话？”A项为“祝你好运！”，用于事前的祝愿；B项为“是吗？”，是对对方回答的惊讶；C项为“毫不惊奇”；D项为“不用谢！别客气！”，在美国英语中用于道谢的答语。根据下句话Why didn’t you call us earlier?选择B项。
2011江苏卷 29】—Linda didn’t invite us to the party.
_________? I don’t care.
A. For what
B. So what
C. What’s on
D. What’s up
【答案】B
【考点】考查交际用语。
【解析】根据后面的句子I don’t care.可判断，此处表示“那又怎么样”，表示满不在乎或无所谓的态度。A项表示“为了什么”，C项表示“在展览什么”；D项表示”怎么了，发生什么啦”。
2011浙江卷 1】—I’m sorry I didn’t make it to your party last night.
______, I know you’re busy these days.
A. Of course
B. No kidding
C. That’s all night
D. Don’t mention it
【答案】C
【考点】本题考查交际用语。
【解析】句意为：对不起，我昨天没到你的party那去，没关系，我知道你忙。选C。
2011浙江卷 17】—Can I come and have a look at your new house?
—Yes, ______!
A. with pleasure
B. I like it
C. I quite agree
D. by all means
D
【考点】考查交际用语。
【解析】句意为：我可以看到您的新房子吗？随时可以。选D。
2011浙江卷 20】——I don’t think I’ll be able to go mountain-climbing tomorrow.
