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湖南长沙市2024高考英语（二轮）阅读理解训练（11）及答案
2024高考模拟题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。They already guide blind and disabled people; now dogs are to be trained to help people with dementia（痴呆） or Alzheimer's．Alzheimer's can make people confuse night and day or forget basic things such as washing or drinking enough water．
The dogs will be trained to respond to sound triggers（触发器） in the home that cause them to perform tasks．The duties will include reminding their owners to take medicine, as well as encouraging them to eat, drink and sleep regularly．
The idea was developed by design students at the Glasgow School of Art and will now be put into practice by Alzheimer's Scotland and Dogs for the Disabled．The first dogs will be distributed to four Scottish couples, where one of the partners is in the early stages of dementia．Some 670,000 people in Britain have dementia and one in three over 65s will develop the condition．By 2024 this is expected to rise to one million．
Joyce Gray of Alzheimer's Scotland said, "People in the early stages of dementia are still able to live a relatively normal life, and dogs help to maintain routine．" Another advantage of using the pets as companions is that dogs can give them a sense of silent support and companionship．Ms Gray said, "The evidence is that people may forget familiar faces but not pets．It's such a strong bond that people often remember them longest．People don't need to communicate verbally （言语地） but they can still interact．You can have a speechless bond．"
Helen McCain, director of Dogs for the Disabled, said, "People with dementia often forget to take the medicine．If a dog presents them with a bag with pills in it there's a greater chance of them taking it．The dog would also encourage the owner to take them out for walks, ensuring they keep exercising and interacting with other people．"
．In Britain people with dementia _
_．
A．are likely to increase in number
B．are mostly over 65 years old
C．will be trained to respond to sound triggers
D．will be able to live a relatively normal life
．The dogs are taught to perform tasks by -．
A．making some sound signals
B．communicating with the patients
C．reminding the patients by barking
D．reacting to some sound triggers
3．What does the underlined word "them" in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Faces．
B．Triggers．
C．Pets．
D．Companions．
．What is mainly talked about in the passage?
A．The idea of dementia dogs was developed by students．
B．Dogs are trained to assist Alzheimer's patients．
C．British people with Alzheimer's are in poor condition．
D．The dementia dogs perform most duties of a doctor．
—4、BCBD
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happens, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught me in second grade at all-black Sumner School in Camden, New Jersey.
During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre—not just children’s theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.
My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humour, all I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her.
Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.
Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.
1. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?
A. She lent her some serious classics.
B. She cultivated her taste for music.
C. She discovered her talent for dancing.
D. She introduced her to adult plays.
2. What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?
A. A book of great fun. B. A writer of high fame.
C. A serious masterpiece. D. A heartbreaking play.
3. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to .
A. develop her capabilities for writing
B. give her a chance to collect material
C. involve her in teenage social activities
D. offer her a series of writing jobs
4. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who .
A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined
B. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential
C. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils
D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning
【参考答案】1--4 、DAAB
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.
Beginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX. “Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses, ” Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.
MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2, 000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who complete certain online courses. Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.
The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.
MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120, 000 people signed up for the first MITx course. She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open- source edX platform.
“Fasten your seatbelts, ” Hockfield said.
Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and Carnegie- Mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.
The Harvard- MIT program will be monitored by a not- for- profit (非盈利的) organization based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. Both MIT and Harvard have provided $30 million to start the program. They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful.
1. According to this text, edX is .
A. a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWare
B. a free computer program by MIT and Harvard
C. a Harvard- MIT platform of free online courses
D. a free program online for universities worldwide
2. What is said about online education in the text?
A. Universities have been trying online courses.
B. About 2, 000 online courses have been offered.
C. Over 100 million people have finished courses online.
D. Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX.
3. The underlined part in the text probably means “ ”.
A. Get ready for the difficulties
B. Get ready for this educational change
C. Get prepared to complete the online courses
D. Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses
4. What can be said about MITx according to the text?
A. It is first offered as part of the edX learning program.
B. It is another free MIT- Harvard online learning program.
C. It is a standard to recognize online learners’achievement.
D. It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT.
【参考答案】 1—4、CABC
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2024·课标Ⅰ)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons－a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood，which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.
In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them，known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.
【语篇导读】 本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。
1．In the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons ________.
A．were the biggest bird in the world
B．lived mainly in the south of America
C．did great harm to the natural environment
D．were the largest bird population in the US
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。
答案 D
2．The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons' ________.
A．escape
B．ruin
C．liberation
D．evolution
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Where the birds were abundant...by the thousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。
答案 B
3．What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?
A．To seek pleasure.
B．To save other birds.
C．To make money.
D．To protect crops.
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercial hunters attracted them...sold in restaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选C。
答案 C
4．What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?
A．It was ignored by the public.
B．It was declared too late.
C．It was unfair.
D．It was strict.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In 1897，the state of...for 10 years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。
答案 B
湖南长沙市2024高考英语（二轮）阅读理解训练（11）及答案
2024高考模拟题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。They already guide blind and disabled people; now dogs are to be trained to help people with dementia（痴呆） or Alzheimer's．Alzheimer's can make people confuse night and day or forget basic things such as washing or drinking enough water．
The dogs will be trained to respond to sound triggers（触发器） in the home that cause them to perform tasks．The duties will include reminding their owners to take medicine, as well as encouraging them to eat, drink and sleep regularly．
The idea was developed by design students at the Glasgow School of Art and will now be put into practice by Alzheimer's Scotland and Dogs for the Disabled．The first dogs will be distributed to four Scottish couples, where one of the partners is in the early stages of dementia．Some 670,000 people in Britain have dementia and one in three over 65s will develop the condition．By 2024 this is expected to rise to one million．
Joyce Gray of Alzheimer's Scotland said, "People in the early stages of dementia are still able to live a relatively normal life, and dogs help to maintain routine．" Another advantage of using the pets as companions is that dogs can give them a sense of silent support and companionship．Ms Gray said, "The evidence is that people may forget familiar faces but not pets．It's such a strong bond that people often remember them longest．People don't need to communicate verbally （言语地） but they can still interact．You can have a speechless bond．"
Helen McCain, director of Dogs for the Disabled, said, "People with dementia often forget to take the medicine．If a dog presents them with a bag with pills in it there's a greater chance of them taking it．The dog would also encourage the owner to take them out for walks, ensuring they keep exercising and interacting with other people．"
．In Britain people with dementia _
_．
A．are likely to increase in number
B．are mostly over 65 years old
C．will be trained to respond to sound triggers
D．will be able to live a relatively normal life
．The dogs are taught to perform tasks by -．
A．making some sound signals
B．communicating with the patients
C．reminding the patients by barking
D．reacting to some sound triggers
3．What does the underlined word "them" in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Faces．
B．Triggers．
C．Pets．
D．Companions．
．What is mainly talked about in the passage?
A．The idea of dementia dogs was developed by students．
B．Dogs are trained to assist Alzheimer's patients．
C．British people with Alzheimer's are in poor condition．
D．The dementia dogs perform most duties of a doctor．
—4、BCBD
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happens, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught me in second grade at all-black Sumner School in Camden, New Jersey.
During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre—not just children’s theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.
My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humour, all I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her.
Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.
Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.
1. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?
A. She lent her some serious classics.
B. She cultivated her taste for music.
C. She discovered her talent for dancing.
D. She introduced her to adult plays.
2. What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?
A. A book of great fun. B. A writer of high fame.
C. A serious masterpiece. D. A heartbreaking play.
3. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to .
A. develop her capabilities for writing
B. give her a chance to collect material
C. involve her in teenage social activities
D. offer her a series of writing jobs
4. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who .
A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined
B. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential
C. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils
D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning
【参考答案】1--4 、DAAB
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In a recent announcement, Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) said that they have joined forces to offer free online courses in an effort to attract millions of online learners worldwide.
Beginning this fall, a number of courses developed by teachers at both universities will be offered online through a new $60 million program, known as edX. “Anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world can use our online courses, ” Harvard President Drew Faust said during a meeting to announce the plan.
MIT has offered a program called OpenCourseWare for ten years that makes materials from more than 2, 000 classes free online. It has been used by more than 100 million people. In December, the school announced it also would begin offering a special certificate, known as MITx, for people who complete certain online courses. Harvard has long offered courses to a wider population through a similar program.
The MITx will serve as the foundation for the new learning platform.
MIT President Susan Hockfield said more than 120, 000 people signed up for the first MITx course. She said Harvard and MIT hope other universities will join them in offering courses on the open- source edX platform.
“Fasten your seatbelts, ” Hockfield said.
Other universities, including Stanford, Yale and Carnegie- Mellon, have been experimenting with teaching to a global population online.
The Harvard- MIT program will be monitored by a not- for- profit (非盈利的) organization based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities. Both MIT and Harvard have provided $30 million to start the program. They also plan to use the edX platform to research how students learn and which teaching methods and tools are most successful.
1. According to this text, edX is .
A. a part of the free MIT OpenCourseWare
B. a free computer program by MIT and Harvard
C. a Harvard- MIT platform of free online courses
D. a free program online for universities worldwide
2. What is said about online education in the text?
A. Universities have been trying online courses.
B. About 2, 000 online courses have been offered.
C. Over 100 million people have finished courses online.
D. Stanford and Yale together have courses similar to edX.
3. The underlined part in the text probably means “ ”.
A. Get ready for the difficulties
B. Get ready for this educational change
C. Get prepared to complete the online courses
D. Get prepared to make materials for the edX courses
4. What can be said about MITx according to the text?
A. It is first offered as part of the edX learning program.
B. It is another free MIT- Harvard online learning program.
C. It is a standard to recognize online learners’achievement.
D. It is a new kind of free online course of Harvard and MIT.
【参考答案】 1—4、CABC
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2024·课标Ⅰ)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons－a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood，which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.
In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them，known affectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.
【语篇导读】 本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。
1．In the 18th and early 19th centuries，passenger pigeons ________.
A．were the biggest bird in the world
B．lived mainly in the south of America
C．did great harm to the natural environment
D．were the largest bird population in the US
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。
答案 D
2．The underlined word“undoing”probably refers to the pigeons' ________.
A．escape
B．ruin
C．liberation
D．evolution
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“Where the birds were abundant...by the thousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。
答案 B
3．What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?
A．To seek pleasure.
B．To save other birds.
C．To make money.
D．To protect crops.
解析 事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercial hunters attracted them...sold in restaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选C。
答案 C
4．What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?
A．It was ignored by the public.
B．It was declared too late.
C．It was unfair.
D．It was strict.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In 1897，the state of...for 10 years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。
答案 B
