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课时作业(二十一) 必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists
.单项填空
1．(2024·龙岩四校联考)—Would you like to join us in the game?
—________，for I have something important to attend to.
A．I will B．I’d love to
C．I won’tD．I’m afraid not
2．(2024·沈阳六校联合诊断)As far as I know，Mark is a(n)________shopper who always does some careful research on the market before he buys something valuable.
A．fortunateB．generous
C．enthusiasticD．cautious
3．(2024·武汉名校调研)Finding information in today’s world is easy.The
________is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.
A．knowledge
B．ability
C．competitionD．challenge
4．(2024·云南毕业班质检)After further studying those fossils，Dubois，a Swiss scientist，announced with________that the socalled “Java Man” was merely an extinct monkey.
A．courageB．certainty
C．anxietyD．relief
5．(2024·厦门毕业班适应性考试)Graduation，in________opinion of many students，is________time to thank those who helped them through.
A．the；aB．the；/
C．a；aD．/；the
6．(2024·福建省普通高中质量检查)It is said that sixty percent of all energy________in the world today is being lost as wasted heat.
A．producedB．producing
C．to produceD．having produced
7．(2024·洛阳高三第一次统考)When he came back three hours later，they were still sitting on the sofa，________in conversation.
A．absorbingB．absorbed
C．to absorbD．to be absorbed
8．(2024·河南师大附中高三质检)—Who________for the shooting at a movie theatre in America?
—A gunman named James Eagan Holmes.
A．is to blameB．has blamed
C．is blamingD．is to be blamed
9．(2024·泰安质量检测)Don’t be so discouraged.If you________such feelings，you will do better next time.
A．carry onB．get back
C．break downD．put away
10．(2024·南京一模)Only when you take great delight in reading and begin reading good books________the pleasure of reading.
A．do you B．you taste
C．you will tasteD．will you taste
11．On Christmas Eve，there were so many customers that the shop assistants couldn’t
________them all.
A．apply to B．appeal to
C．attend to D．commit to
12．(2024·银川一中月考)His composition was so confusing that I could hardly make any________of it.
A．meaningB．message
C．senseD．information
13．(2011·福建卷)________good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
A．Far fromB．Apart from
C．Instead ofD．Regardless of
14．John applied to several companies after he resigned his position as vice president，but he was________over and over again.
A．rejectedB．resisted
C．reliedD．reacted
15．Children________to difficult situations are better at handling those________tasks.
A．exposing；challengingB．exposed；challenged
C．exposed；challengingD．exposing；challenged空[建议用时15]
(2024·江西八校联考)
We always want what we cannot have.When we’re young，we want to stay out late，have romantic relationships and be__1__.However，when we’re__2__，we want to go back to being young and we__3__the days when we didn’t have to worry about complex love affairs，__4__pressure and money problems.
Young people believe adulthood__5__freedom from parents and schoolwork.When they get older，they feel that__6__is freedom from work pressure and family responsibilities.To__7__this feeling，people say，“The grass is always__8__on the other side of the fence.”
As__9__，we like to be like adults but as young adults，we
__10__to be young again.We think about staying out late and__11__our own money to spend.Suddenly，we see that love can result in __12__hearts；staying out late makes it hard to get ready for__13__the next morning.We find our that adult life is not as__14__as we thought it would be and suddenly，__15__becomes very scary.
Life is__16__.It gives us time to__17__but also requires us to work.The time will come when we must grow up and we will always look back wishing we__18__being young a bit longer.That time will not come back.It is normal to want what we cannot have but the__19__is that to be happy is to appreciate what we have.That is the first step to grow up.__20__life becomes more complex，we will not regret the time we wasted wishing we were adults.
1.A.comfortable
B．dependent
C．polite D．independent
2．A.defeated
B．older
C．married D．confident
3．A.like B．forget
C．miss
D．regret
4．A.job B．study
C．age
D．health
5．A.creates B．shows
C．limitsD．means
6．A.adulthood B．childhood
C．parenthood
D．neighborhood
7．A.reduce
B．experience
C．describe
D．understand
8．A.thinner B．greener
C．yellow
D．colorful
9．A.researchers
B．adults
C．teenagers
D．elders
10．A.decide B．wish
C．return D．stop
11．A.making
B．worrying about
C．having
D．showing off
12．A.healthy B．ambitious
C．excited D．broken
13．A.breakfast B．school
C．work D．exercise
14．A.richB．busy
C．poor
D．easy
15．A.love
B．life
C．career
D．future
16．A.long B．fair
C．short
D．beautiful
17．A.study
B．think
C．liveD．play
18．A.stopped
B．imagined
C．enjoyed
D．tried
19．A.reason B．result
C．truthD．dream
20．A.When
B．If
C．Unless
D．Before
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2024·烟台3月诊断性考试)
Fahad Azad，an engineer in India，invented a robot named DuctBot.The toycar sized DuctBot measured 23 centimeters in length,19 centimeters in width and 9 centimeters in height and weighs just two kilograms.
The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery，so it can be captured (抓拍) by a camera.
In order to control it more easily，Mr Azad chooses to fix DuctBot on wheels.The robot can clean off lots of dirt，as well as dead pigeons and insects.Keeping indoor air in good quality and monitoring carbondioxide levels in buildings with central air conditioning is a challenge.It is important in some places where clean air can mean a difference between life and death，such as hospitals.Dirty air has a bad influence on people’s health.
EPSCO，a Dubaibased company which specializes in improving indoor air quality，read about Mr Azad’s invention in a national newspaper after he had won an international robotics competition.EPSCO had cleaning equipment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to do the dirty，dangerous work.Across India，for example，the task still falls to children.They are small enough to go through those ducts.
In 2005，Mr Azad who was still at university decided to do something about it.Six years later his own company，Robosoft Systems，has Bluestar，EPSCO and the Indian Navy，some leading air condition makers，as partners.
Mr Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots userfriendly enough.Mr Azad hopes that the robot could eventually be operated not by engineers but by workers.There will be lots of difficulties they need to overcome in the future.
1．What can we learn about Ductbot?
A．It is a toy car and popular with children.
B．It is designed to move like a snake in the ducts.
C．many LEDs are fitted on it to tell its location.
D．It is actually a camera to capture dirty scenery.
2．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to “________”．
A．the cameraB．the conditioning duct
C．the LED light
D．the dirty scenery
3．What can the Ductbot do for us?
A．Clean off the dirt in the ducts.
B．Control the central conditioning.
C．Reduce carbondioxide in buildings.
D．Protect more animals in city.
4. According to the text，EPSCO________.
A．has won an international robotics competition
B．hired children to clean the dirty ducts in the past
C．is the only partner of Robosoft Systems
D．specializes in improving people’s health
5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Only engineers can operate the Ductbot now.
B．New ways have been found to examine oil tanks.
C．Azad’s difficulties are impossible to overcome.D．Azad’s team are working to improve their robot designs.课时作业(二十一)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．解析： 考查交际用语。根据答语“因为我有些重要的事情要做”可知选D，“I’m afraid not”有否定意义。
答案： D
2．解析： 句意为：据我所知，Mark是一个谨慎的购物者，在购买贵重的东西之前他总是会认真地研究市场。cautious谨慎的，小心的，符合句意。fortunate幸运的，侥幸的；generous宽宏大量的，慷慨的，大方的；enthusiastic热心的。
答案： D
3．解析： 句意为：当今世界找信息很容易，但困难的事是你如何辨别你所获得的信息是否有用。A.知识；B.能力；C.竞赛。challenge挑战，艰巨任务。又如：She likes her job to be a challenge.她喜欢艰巨的工作。
答案： D
4．解析： 句意为：在进一步研究了那些化石之后，一位瑞士科学家Dubois肯定地宣布，所谓的“爪哇猿人”仅仅是一种灭绝的猴子。certainty确定，确实，符合句意。courage勇气；anxiey焦虑，忧虑；relief宽慰。
答案： B
5．解析： 考查冠词。句意为：许多学生认为，毕业是感谢那些一直以来帮助他们的人的时刻。第一空，opinion后有定语“of many students”，所以此处为特指，用定冠词the；第二空，time此处意为“时刻”为可数名词，故用不定冠词a表泛指。
答案： A
6．解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：据说现在世界上生产的60%的能源正在以废热的形式流失。分析句子成分可知，produce与其逻辑主语energy之间是动宾关系，故此处用动词的ed形式作定语。
答案： A
7．解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：当他三个小时后回来时，他们仍坐在沙发上，聚精会神地交谈。be absorbed in为固定搭配，意为“专心于”，所以此处应用absorb的过去分词形式，作伴随状语。
答案： B
8．解析： 上句意为：谁要为发生在美国电影院的枪击案负责？be to blame为固定短语，意为“该受责备”。本身为被动含义，不用于被动语态。
答案： A
9．解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：不要如此气馁，如果你抛开这些情绪，下次你会做得更好。carry on开展，进行；get back取回，拿回；break down分解，崩溃；put away收拾起来。
答案： D
10．解析： 考查倒装。当“only＋状语”位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装，故排除B、C两项。此处是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用将来时，故D项正确。
答案： D
11．解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：在圣诞节前夕，顾客太多了以至于售货员不能接待所有人。这里用attend to表示“接待”。apply to申请，请求；appeal to上诉，引起兴趣；commit to忠于。
答案： C
12．解析： 考查固定搭配。句意为：他的作文如此令人困惑以至于我几乎看不懂。make sense of了解……的意义；懂得，与句意相符。
答案： C
13．解析： 句意为：除了良好的服务，饭店还提供不同种类的传统闽菜。本题考查介词短语的辨析。apart from除了；far from完全不；instead of代替，而不是；regardless of不管，不顾。
答案： B
14．解析： 句意为：约翰曾经是副总裁，辞职后到几家公司去应聘，但他一次次地遭到拒绝。reject拒绝；resist抵抗；rely依靠；react起反应。
答案： A
15．解析： 该题中expose后没有宾语时应使用过去分词；challenging意为“具有挑战性的”。
答案： C
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。众所周知，人们的生活就像围城——进去的想出来，外面的想进去。同样，小孩子想长大，大人们却想回到小时候。其实，无论怎样，只要开心就好。
1．解析： 考查形容词辨析。句意为：当我们年轻的时候，我们想在外面待到很晚，想有恋爱关系，想独立(independent)。此处与第二段第一句中的“freedom from parents and schoolwork”相呼应。
答案： D
2．解析： 考查形容词辨析。句意为：然而，当我们长大一些(older)的时候，我们想回到小时候。根据“However”可知，前后两句为转折对比关系。因此，此处应填older，与上文“When we’re young”形成对比。
答案： B
3.解析： 考查动词辨析。句意为：而且我们会怀念(miss)那些日子，那时我们不必担心复杂的谈情说爱。此处与上文中的“we want to go back to being young”相呼应。
答案： C
4．解析： 考查名词辨析。句意为：我们也不用担心工作压力和钱的问题。此处与第二段第二句中的“freedom from work pressure and family responsibilities”相呼应。
答案： A
5．解析： 考查动词辨析。句意为：年轻人认为，成年意味着(means)没有父母的约束，没有学校作业。此处与下文“...is freedom from...”结构和句意相呼应，故答案D正确。create创造；show展示；limit限制，均不符合语境，故排除。
