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Unit 21
知识清单
重
点
单
词 1.________vt. 消化→________n. 消化
2.________ vt. 滥用;虐待 n. 滥用;虐待→________adj. 辱骂的;毁谤的;恶语的
3.________vt. 容忍→________n. 容忍;宽容
4.________adj. 根本的;基本的→________adv. 根本地;完全
5.________ adj. 每年的;年度的→________n. 周年纪念(日)
6. ________adj. 强制性的;义务的
7.________vt. 反对→ ________adj. 相反的
8.________ vt. 反驳;驳斥;与……相矛盾→ ________adj. 互相矛盾的;对立的
9.________ vt. 推迟;延期
10. ________n. 常规;惯例adj. 例行的;常规的
11.________vt. 预见;预料
12.________vi. & vt. 下降;减少;衰退;拒绝
n. 下降;减少;衰退
13.________vt. 提交;呈递→
________n. 提交;呈递
14.________adj. 彻底的;细致的→ ________adv.彻底地;仔细地
重点短语 1.________ ________时而;不时;每隔……时间 2.________ ________ 徒劳;白费力气
3.________ ________ 随便地;随意地;任意地
4.________ ________ ________ 不惜任何代价;无论如何
5.________
________ ________
对……负责
6.________
________ ________ 开始;着手
7.________ ________ 立刻;马上
8.________ ________
彻底毁灭;消灭
9.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 终止;消灭
10._______ ______ ___________ 抢劫某人某物
11._______ _______ ________ 无论如何;至少
12.________ ________ ________在这种情况下
重点句式 1.It struck near the end of the First World War and left_families_mourning worldwide.
2.With_all_the_international_effort_being_made,_
we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.
核心语法 条件句和混合条件句
重点单词:
1.digest; digestion 2.abuse; abusive 3.tolerate; tolerance 4.fundamental; fundamentally 5.annual; anniversary
6.compulsory 7.oppose; opposite 8.contradict; contradictory 9.postpone 10.routine 11.foresee 12.decline
13.submit; submission 14.thorough; thoroughly
重点短语:
1.at intervals 2.in vain 3.at random 4.at all costs 5.be responsible for 6.get down to 7.straight away 8.wipe out
9.stop sth in its tracks 10.rob sb of sth 11.at any rate 12.in / under the circumstances
1.digest vt.消化(食物);完全理解;彻底领悟 vi.被消化 n. 摘要;文摘digestion n.[U]消化;吸收;领悟 [C](通常作单数)消化能力;消化力
have a good / poor digestion 消化力很强/弱1)I struggled to ________ what he said.我费力地琢磨他所说的话。
2)Fruits ________ easily.水果容易消化。
【答案】 1)digest 2)digest
(1)完成句子
This is a ________ of the week' news. 这是一周的资讯摘要。
【答案】 digest
(1)完成句子
This is a ________ of the week' news. 这是一周的资讯摘要。
【答案】 digest
(2)名校押题
(2010海南十二校联考)Don't feed meat to the baby; he is too small to ________it.
A.digestB.drink
C.taste
D.grasp
【答案与解析】 A 题意:不要喂婴儿吃肉,他太小,消化不了。digest“消化”,符合题意。
2.abuse vt. 滥用;虐待;辱骂;伤害
n. 滥用;辱骂;谩骂;虐待 a child abuser 虐待儿童者
a drug abuser 嗜毒者
abusive adj. 辱骂的;恶语的;毁谤的1)Several of the children had been physically
________. 这些孩子中有几个受到过身体上的虐待。
2)It is easy to ________ one's power. 权力容易被滥用。
3)The crowd started ________ him after he failed to save a goal. 他没能救起那个球,遭到观众的辱骂。
4)Drug abuse and alcohol ________ contributed to his early death. 他的过早离世是滥用毒品和酗酒造成的。
【答案】 1)abused 2)abuse 3)abusing 4)abuse
(1)完成句子
William ________ the trust the film showed in him. 威廉辜负了公司对他的信任。
【答案】 abused
(2)名校押题
(2010东北三省四市联考)He ________ his position as the general manager by giving jobs to his friends.
A.abused
B.cheated
C.defeated
D.rejected
【答案与解析】 A abuse one's position“滥用职权”。
3.tolerate vt. 容许;容忍;忍受后接名词或动名词,相当于bear, stand或put up with。1)I can't ________ that rude fellow. 我不能容忍那个粗鲁的家伙。
2)We don't ________ smoking in the library. 我们不容许在图书馆里抽烟。
3)The human body cannot ________ such large amounts of radiation. 人体经不住那么大量的辐射。
【答案】 1)tolerate 2)tolerate 3)tolerate
(1)完成句子
I don't know how you can ________ that noise! 我不知道你怎么能忍受那样的噪音!
【答案】 tolerate
(2)名校押题
(2011江苏南京调研)To prevent fires, smoking is strictly________in the factory.
A.preserved
B.forbidden
C.ignored
D.tolerated
【答案与解析】 B 考查动词。forbid “禁止”,符合题意。 preserve
“保护”; ignore “忽略;忽视”; tolerate “容忍”。
4.fundamental adj. 基本的;基础的;根本的;十分重要的;主要的;首要的 n. (通常作复数) 基本规则; 基本原则; 基本原理; 基本部分be fundamental to 对……必不可少;对……十分重要1)His ________ ________ was to rely too much on others.他的根本错误是过分依赖他人。
2)Water is ________ ________ survival.水对于生存来说必不可少。
3)This is ________ to the building up of China's national defense.这对加强中国国防非常重要。
4)His ________ ________ was for her welfare. 他最关心的是她的幸福。
5)The ________ ________ is a political one. 首要的问题是政治问题。
【答案】 1)fundamental mistake 2)fundamental to
3)fundamental 4)fundamental concern 5)fundamental question
(1)完成句子
There are ________ ________ between your religious beliefs and mine. 我们俩的宗教信仰根本不同。
【答案】 fundamental differences
(2)名校押题
(2011福州质检)What do you think are the ________ reasons for the current financial crisis?
A.adequate
B.fundamental
C.ambiguous
D.primitive
【答案与解析】 B 题意:你认为导致当前金融危机的根本原因是什么?adequate“足够的;充分的”;fundamental “基础的;根本的”;ambiguous“模棱两可的”;primitive “原始的”。
5.oppose vt. 反对;反抗;(与某人)较量后接名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语。
opposed adj. 反对的;对立的
be opposed to 反对……
as opposed to (表对比)而;相对于1)He ________ the proposal to build a new hall. 他反对修建新礼堂的建议。
2)Congress is continuing to ________ the President's health care budget. 国会继续反对总统的医疗预算。
3)He ________ ________ ________ two other candidates. 另外两名候选人反对他。
4)Who _______ ________ you in the match? 你和谁比赛?
【答案】 1)opposed 2)oppose 3)is opposed by 4)is opposing
(1)完成句子
I would certainly ________ changing the system. 我当然会反对改变这一制度。
【答案】 oppose
(2)名校押题
(2011济南质检)Most of the local residents ________ the closing of their hospital.
A.avoided
B.exposed
C.opposed
D.received
【答案与解析】 C oppose “反对”。题意:大部分当地居民反对关闭他们的医院。
6.contradict vt. & vi.反驳(某人的言论或文字); 批驳; 驳斥 (指事实、证据等)(与某事物)相反或相矛盾contradictory
adj. 互相矛盾的;抵触的
self-contradictory
adj.自相矛盾的
in contradiction to与……正相反1)The witness ________ the driver's statement.目击者否认了那名司机的陈述。
2)Don't ________ your father! 不要顶撞你父亲!
3)The witnesses' statements ________ ________ ________ and the facts remained unclear.目击者的说法各不相同,事实还是不清楚。
4)The speaker had got confused, and started ________ ________. 演讲者弄糊涂了,说话变得自相矛盾。
5)The report ________ what we heard yesterday. 这个报告与我们昨天听到的相矛盾。
【答案】 1)contradicted 2)contradict 3)contradicted each other 4)contradicting himself 5)contradicts
(1)完成句子
Your behavior is ______________ your words. 你的行为与你的言语相矛盾。
【答案】 in contradiction to
(2)名校押题
(2010济南调研)People in Pisa were angry with Galileo for daring to________ the great Aristotle.
A.contradict
B.convince
C.conflict
D.violate
【答案与解析】 A 题意:比萨的人们对伽利略极为气恼,因为他竟敢否定伟大的亚里士多德。contradict “反驳;否认;否定”; convince“使相信;使信服”; conflict“冲突”,为不及物动词,常与with连用; violate“违反(法律、法规等)”。
7.postpone vt. 使(事件、行动等)延期;推迟
其常见搭配为:postpone sth
until / to把某事推迟到……
postpone doing sth 推迟做某事
put sth off; put off doing sth推迟/延缓/拖延某事物
delay (doing) sth 延误/延缓/拖延(做)某事;耽搁做某事1)We're ________ our holiday until we have some more money.我们把度假日期推迟到我们有更多钱的时候。
2)The concert ________ ________ ________ ________Saturday. 音乐会已被推迟到星期六举行。
3)It was an unpopular decision to ________ building the new hospital.延迟建新医院的决定是不得人心的。
【答案】 1)postponing 2)has been postponed to
3)postpone
(1)完成句子
We've had to ________ our wedding until September. 我们得把婚礼延期到九月举行。
【答案】 postpone
(2)名校押题
(2011山东省实验中学诊断性测试)You must be there within an hour. There should be no ________in sending the information.
A.question
B.doubt
C.delay
D.problem
【答案与解析】 C 考查名词。题意:你必须一小时内赶到那儿。赶快把消息送出去。there is no question = there is no doubt “毫无疑问” ;there is no delay in doing...“毫不拖延地做……”;there is no problem with doing... “做……没问题”。
8.foresee vt. 预见; 预知; 预料后面常跟名词、代词或从句作宾语。1)The difficulties could not ________ ________ ________. 这些困难是无法预见的。
2)He ________ that the job would take a long time. 他预料到做这项工作需要很长时间。
3)They could not ________ ________ how things would turn out. 他们不可能预知事情的结果。
4)Do you ________ any problems with the new system?对于这种新体制,你看会有什么问题吗?
5)He ________ that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.他预知自己的旅程会被恶劣的天气耽搁。
【答案】 1)have been foreseen 2)foresaw 3)have foreseen 4)foresee 5)foresaw
(1)完成句子
She ________ that the improvement would continue. 她预测情况将继续好转。
【答案】 foresaw
(2)名校押题
(2010杭州质检)The young woman made a ________ to her parents that she would try to earn her own living after graduation.
A.prediction
B.promise
C.plan
D.contribution
【答案与解析】 B make a promise“发誓;承诺”。
9.decline vi.减少;降低;下降;拒绝;谢绝 vt.拒绝;谢绝 n. 减少;下降;衰退常跟名词、代词或不定式作宾语。1)Do you think standards of education in some areas ________ ________ in recent years?你是否觉得最近几年有些地方的教育水准下降了?
2)I invited her to join us, but she ________. 我邀请她和我们一起,可是她婉言谢绝了。
3)We ________ their offer of financial help.我们谢绝了他们提供的资金援助。
4)As a result of ________ ________ in the quality of products, the company lost a lot of customers.由于产品质量的下降,这家公司失去了很多顾客。
【答案】 1)have declined 2)declined 3)declined 4)the decline
(1)完成句子
Mary ________ a hot drink and went to her room.
【答案】 declined
(2)名校押题
(2010大连调研)—How are you getting along with your business?
—Not very well. The market for these products________ fast due to the financial crisis.
A.was declined
B.was declining
C.is declined
D.is declining
【答案与解析】 D 题意:“最近生意如何?”“不太好。由于金融危机,这些产品的市场在迅速减少。”根据上文“How are you getting along with your business?”可知,这里应该用现在时态,“市场”和“减少”为主谓关系,故选D项。
10.seek vt.& vi. 寻找;寻求;设法;试图;探索;谋求;争取常用于seek (for) sth from sb, seek (after / for) sth, seek to do sth 结构。
seek one's fortune外出寻找发财机会;外出闯荡;闯世界