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广安市2024高考英语阅读理解一轮系列训练（23）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses(冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral(道德) freedom.
A single angry word has lost many friends. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. “Whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad.” “Keep cool,” says Webster, “anger is not argument.” “Be calm in arguing,” says George Herbert, “for fierceness(狂怒) makes error a fault.”
To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. “Anger,” says Pythagoras, “brings with folly and ends with regret.” You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.
Self-control is man’s last and greatest victory.
If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. The importance of self- control.
B. How to conquer oneself?
C. The relation between a man’s moral freedom and his feelings.
D. A man should keep cool.
2. What’s the meaning of “whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad”?
A. If you are mad, the gods will kill you.
B. If you lose your temper first, gods will kill you first.
C. If you can’t control yourself, you will be crazy.
D. If the gods want to kill you, they will make you mad first.
3. Which of the following is NOT true, according to passage?
A. The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself.
B. You will make a small mistake serious if you don’t keep cool.
C. You must measure a man’s strength by the power of the feelings which conquer him.
D. Anger brings with folly and ends with regret.
4. Which of the following can’t help you avoid anger, according to the passage?
A. Be calm in arguing.
B. Check your temper or anger by speaking low.
C. Keep your mouth shut.
D. Try to make the other angry first.
1. A 主旨大意题。根据文章第 1 段的第 2 句 Self-control is at the root of all the advantages 及全文的内容可知，本文的大意是“自控的重要性”。故答案选 A。
2. D 语义理解题。根据上文 you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease 可知答案选 D。
3. C 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第 3 段的最后一句 You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him 可知，选项 C 与之矛盾。故答案选 C。
4. D 推理判断题。根据文章第 2 段的第 2 句和第 3 句以及最后一句可以排除选项 A、B、C，从而得出答案为 D。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
For high school leavers starting out in the working world, it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find an internship(实习). In some countries, schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the United States, however, such programs are still few and far behind.
Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses, students are likely to get higher earnings in later years. The students are more likely to stay in school, graduate and go on to higher education.
In Germany, students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment.
But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education school professor Robert Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves the country’s most vulnerable(易受影响的)kids with no jobs and no skills.
Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teach them valuable practical skills at high school. James Madison High School in New York, for example, encourages students to choose classes on career-based courses. The school then helps them gain on-the-job experience in those fields while they’re still at high school.
However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work, the job market is daunting. In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to-19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row.
“The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the summer job experience, they will become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job, ”said Michael, a researcher in the US.
【文章大意】文章通过与德国中学情况的比较, 说明在美国中学里很缺乏有关职业生涯的基本课程。
1. In the author’s opinion, American high school leavers .
A. have enough career-related courses
B. need more career advice from their schools
C. perform better in exams than German students
D. can get higher earnings in later years
【解析】选B。作者观点题。根据第四段内容可知。
. What can be inferred from the text?
A. Unemployment rates for US teenagers remain high at the moment.
B. Students with career-based courses never have problems finding a job.
C. US companies work with schools to prepare young people for future employment.
D. High school leavers with no practical skills can’t find a job absolutely.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第六段的In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to-19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row. 推出答案。
3. What’s the main idea of the text?
A. Arguments about recent US education reform.
B. Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers.
C. The lack of career-based courses in US high schools.
D. Advice for American high school leavers.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章第一段的In some countries, schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the United States, however, such programs are still few and far behind. 点出了主题。
. The underlined word“daunting”in Paragraph 6 most probably means“ ”.
A. discouragingB. interesting
C. creative
D. unbearable
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。从下文的In the US, unemployment rates for 16-to-19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row. 可猜出词义。阅读理解Linus Pauling, the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes, was born in Portland, Oregon. He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962, long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Oregon State College in 1922. He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.
He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substances. His interest in the“behavior”of molecules(分子)led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. He began with proteins and their main parts, the amino acids(氨基酸), which are called the“building blocks of life”. In 1950, he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule, a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.
During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. However, the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction. Having long worked on the structure of molecules, he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.
From then on, Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bombs and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons. Through his efforts, The Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones, came into effect on October 10, 1963, the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界所做出的杰出贡献。他是唯一一位两度独立获诺贝尔奖的科学家。
1. From the first paragraph, we learn that Linus Pauling .
A. didn’t study hard while in Washington High School
B. is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes
C. was once badly treated in Washington High School
D. chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living
【解析】选D。细节理解题。从第一段最后一句话“He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. ”可以得出正确答案为D选项。
2. Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first?
A. The“behavior”of molecules.
B. Physical chemistry.
C. Biological chemistry.
D. The human body.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。从第二段第二句话“His interest in the‘behavior’of molecules led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry, especially of the human body. ”我们可以看出, Pauling的兴趣发生了变化, 从physical chemistry转到了biological chemistry上, 所以正确答案为B选项。
3. During World WarⅡ, Linus Pauling .
A. had to stop his research because of the war
B. made great contributions to the safety of the country
C. joined the army to fight for the safety of the country
D. took part in researching nuclear bombs
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“During World WarⅡ, Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security, for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948. ”可以得出正确答案为B选项。
4. The main idea of the passage is to show .
A. Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons
B. Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world
C. Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules
D. Linus Pauling’s getting the Nobel Prize for Peace
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其对世界的贡献, 所以应该选择B选项。
（2024高考英语阅读理解精练）阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。
A 51-year-old lawyer has moved back in with his mother-after giving up his Los Angeles
home to a family of strangers for a year.
Tony Tolbert looked for a family in need after his father set a glowing example when he was growing up by always welcoming people to stay in their spare room. "You don't have to be Bill Gates or Warren Buffet or Oprah," Tolbert told CBS.
"We can do it wherever we are, with whatever we have, and for me, I have a home that I can make available. " His mother, Marie Tolbert,
added,
" He is go giving,
and he's always been that way. "
Tolbert went to Alexandria House, a shelter for homeless women and children, and came across Felicia Dukes, who lived in a single bedroom with three of her children.
Her family had been separated as the shelter was just for children and her eldest son was unable to join them. Tolbert told the staff he wanted to bring the. family back together, and offered his home.
The family has now moved into the three-bedroom, two-bathroom home - with Duke's oldest son. It is worth nearly $400,000, according to online estimates.
"My heart just fills up with appreciation, "
Dukes said, as she wiped away her tears
The heartwarming story comes after the report that l0-year-old Gracie McNulty, from England, served Christmas dinners t0 50 homeless people, achieving her fathers last Christmas wish.
Her father Craig, 38, was a regular charity volunteer who had served breakfast to the homeless on Boxing Day.
But as a roofer, he suffered serious head injuries when he fell while working.
And 'he died soon after the accident in August.
"It's been the best Christmas ever, " Cracie said.
"I was just at school feeling sad and so I decided I wanted to do something to make him proud and this felt like the perfect thing. "
1. Tony Tolbert offered help to others because he was inspired by ______'
A. his mother
B. his teacher
C. his father
D. his son
2. How did Tony Tolbert help Felicia Dukes and her family?
A. He brought up her oldest child.
B. He helped them move into Alexandria House.
C. He offered his house to them.
D. He built a shelter for them.
3. The underlined word " this"
in the last paragraph refers to ____.
A. serving breakfast to people on Boxing Day
B. treating 50 homeless people at Christmas
C. deciding to do something in church
D: being proud of what his father did
4. What's the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A. To explain some puzzling events.
B. To introduce two inspiring stories.
C. To call on people to help others in need.
D. To show there are still poor people.
【参考答案】1-4CCBB
（2024高考英语阅读理解精练）阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。
Burmese pythons (缅甸蟒蛇)
are some of the biggest snakes in the world and also one of the biggest problems in Florida's wetlands. So state officials have asked hunters to lend a hand.
The pythons are originally from Asia. Brought to the US as pets or zoo animals, some were released or broke free into the wild and found Florida's warm weather to be perfect for a new settlement. It is estimated that tens of thousands now live in the everglades and the state's marshy wetlands.
These supersize snakes are invasive species. "The problem is with animals," says Carli Segelson, spokesperson for the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. " The pythons eat native birds, reptiles, and small mammals, many of which are threatened species. " Since the python moved in,
several native species,
such as bobcats and rabbits,
have
largely disappeared from Florida's wetlands:' So the Florida government has invited hunters to
assist in solving this severe environmental problem.
People will be allowed to hunt pythons
around their breeding grounds for one month, starting on January 12.
Officials are even offering cash prizes to whoever kills the most pythons and to whoever
kills the longest Burmese pythons. They are hoping the contest will significantly reduce the
population of this dangerous invader.
