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选修8 Unit 2 Cloning
要 点 梳 理
高效梳理·知识备考
●重点单词
1．differ vi.different adj.不同的→difference n．不同，2．twin n adj.成对的；成双的 3．straightforward adj.4．undertake vt.undertook(过去式)→undertaken(过去分词)
5．breakthrough n6．cast vt.cast/cast(过去式/过去分词) 7．object vi.objection n．不赞成；反对；异议→objective adj.真实的；客观的；无偏见的 8．obtain vt.9．attain vt.(水平、、)
10．forbid vt.forbade(过去式)→forbidden (过去分词) 11．accumulate vt.12．owe vt.(账、、)；归功于…… 13．retire vi.retirement n．退休 14．bother vt. vi.操心 n．烦扰
15．strike vi. & vt.struck/struck (过去式/过去分词) 16．vain adj.17．resist vt.resistance n．抵抗；对抗→resistant adj. 18．drawback n19．feather n. 20．adore vt.
●重点短语
1．pay off2．cast down
3．object to
4．in favour of
5．owe...to...
6．(be)bound to(to)..
一定或注定(做)……
7．strike...into ones heart
使……刻骨铭心 8．from time to time
9．bring back to life
10．in vain
11．in good/poor condition
/坏；情况很好/坏 12．have a great impact on
●重点句型
1．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.。2．Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.6年半，。
3．Did she die young because she was a clone? ，4．Besides that, there is also a fierce dabate over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed. ，。
(2008·广东) 你很荣幸地成为2008北京奥运会的一名志愿者，。，
背景：射击最初只是生存工具，19。1896：第一次成为奥运项目 1904：中断 1928：中断 1932：重回奥运会 1968：第一次允许妇女参加奥运射击比赛 现状：稳步发展，1896，17项。
5个句子表达全部内容。，，。________________________________________________________________________
[范文1]
Shooting, originated as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century. The sport first appeared in 1896, but none were contested during the 1904 and 1928 Games. The sport returned to the Olympics in 1932. Women were first allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting in 1968. The sport has grown steadily from just three shooting events at the 1896 Olympic Games to 17 today.
[范文2]
It was not until the end of 19th century that shooting, originated as a means of survival, earned its status as a sport. Shooting became an Olympic event officially in 1896. Yet, twice in history (1904,1928) shooting was suspended at the Olympics. It returned to the Games in 1932, and women were first allowed to participate in the competition in 1968. The sport has been growing steadily from 1896‘s three events to today’s seventeen.
考 点 探 究
互动探究·能力备考
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1．differ vi. different adj. 不同的；有区别的；相异的 difference n. 不同；不同之处
differ from... 不同于…… differ in... 在……方面不同 differ with/from sb. on/about sth. 与某人关于……意见不同 be different from 与……不同 make a/some/no difference to sb./sth.
对某人/某物有/有些/没有影响或作用 difference between A and B A和B之间的差别
[即学即练1](1)Men are all alike in their promises. It is only in their deeds that they ______. 人在许诺时都一样，。(2)I have to ____________ you ______ that. 在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。(3)The rain didn‘t _______________________ the game.这场雨对比赛没有多大影响。
differ with
on
make much difference to
2．undertake vt. undertaking n. 任务，事业；承诺，答应 undertake a task/project 承担一个任务/项目 undertake to do sth. 答应做某事 undertake for sth. 为……负责
[即学即练2](1)The company has announced that it will _____________ a full investigation ______ the accident. 公司已宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。(2)He __________________ the job by Friday. 他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。(3)I’ll __________________ your security. 我将保证你的安全。
into
undertook to finish
undertake for
3．cast vt.&vi. (cast, cast) cast aside 抛弃，，cast away 抛弃，，(船)漂流，()失事 cast behind 疏远；把……抛在脑后 cast down 使沮丧/不愉快 cast off 丢弃 cast one‘s eyes over 审视 cast one’s mind back to sth. 回顾，cast light on/upon＝throw light upon 弄清楚
[即学即练3](1)Don‘t be so ____________. Just keep up your spirits.不要这么沮丧，(2)As soon as they reached the fishing area, the fishermen ______ their nets ______ the sea. 渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。
cast
into
(3)As soon as he became rich he ____________ all his old friends who gave him some help. 他一富起来就抛弃了所有曾经给过他帮助的老朋友。
4．object vi. n. 实物；目的；对象 objection n. 反对；厌恶 object to sb./sth. 反对，/某事 object to doing sth. 反对做某事 object to sb. doing sth. 反对某人做某事 raise an objection to (doing) sth. 对……提出异议 have/make an objection to (doing) sth. 对……表示反对
[即学即练4](1)I ____________ the proposal. 我反对这个提议。(2)We _______________________ like this. 我们抗议这种待遇。(3)I feel ________________________ getting up early. 我极不愿意早起。
object to being treated
a strong objection to
5．obtain vt. [即学即练5](1)I haven‘t been able to _________________ anywhere. 我到处都没买到那本书。(2)He failed to __________________. 他没有获得奖学金。
obtain a scholarship
(3)Details can be _________________ the Ministry of Education.可以从教育部获知详情。
6．forbid vt. (forbade/forbad, forbidden) forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 forbid that... 禁止……(从句中常用“should＋动词原形”) forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事
[即学即练6](1)Our school ______________________________.我们学校不允许学生吸烟。(2)Smoking should __________________ public places. 公共场所应该禁止吸烟。
be forbidden in
(3)His parents __________________. 他的父母不准他喝酒。
提示：forbid 后不能直接跟动词不定式做宾语，而是跟动名词做宾语，也可用 forbid sb. to do sth. 形式，有类似用法的单词还有 allow, permit, advise 等。
7．owe vt.(钱、物、债等)；应当给予 (1)owe sb. sth.或owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物 owe...to... 把归功于 owe it to sb. that...多亏某人帮忙 (2)owing to＝because of因为，，、、，，。
[7](1)Don’t forget you still ______ 150 yuan to the wine shop.别忘了，150元钱呢。(2)He ______ his success to hard work and practice. 他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。
owes
(3)If I have improved in any way, I ______ it all to my teacher.如果说我有一些进步，。(4)You ______ me an apology. 你得向我道歉。(5)We should do the duty which we ______ to our country.我们应对国家尽我们应尽的义务。
owe
owe
(6)I ______ it to you that I finished my work in time. 多亏你帮忙，。(7)_________ to the rain, they could not come. 由于下雨，。
Owing
8．bother vt. vi. 操心n. 烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人 bother with/about sth. 花费时间或精力(做某事) bother sb. about/with sth. 使某人烦恼，It bothers sb. that.../to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是…… bother to do/doing sth. 操心做某事
[即学即练8](1)Don't _________ Mary while she's reading. 玛丽读书的时候不要打扰她。(2)I don't want to _________ you ______ my problems. 我不想让你因为我的问题而烦心。(3)Don't ____________________ that trifling matter. 别为那件小事烦恼。
bother
with
bother about
9．strike vt. & vi. n．罢工，打击 be struck with(by)为……所侵袭； 为……所触动(感动) It strikes me that...我觉得……；我的印象是…… strike a match划火柴 strike on/upon打在……上；撞到……上 be on strike举行罢工 go on strike实行罢工
[即学即练9](1)The workers ____________/____________ because they wanted more money. 工人们在罢工，。(2)When the clock ____________， the strike started.，。
on strike
struck five
(3)The match ____________ because of the moisture of the air.由于空气潮湿，。(4)________________________ none of them trusts each other.他们当中没有一个人信赖对方这使我震惊。
’t strike
It strikes me that
(5)Great damage has been caused by the tornado which ______ the area last week. 上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了巨大的损失。
10．resist v. resistance n. 反抗 resistant adj. 抵抗的；耐……的 resist sth. 抵制、resist doing sth. 反对做某事 can‘t resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事 be resistant to 对……有抵抗力
[即学即练10](1)The river banks could not ________________________. 河堤抵不住水压。(2)A healthy diet should help your body ___________. 健康饮食有助于身体抵抗感染。 (3)I could hardly ____________.。
resist infection
resist laughing
11．pay off pay money for sth. 付钱买…… pay for sth. 买…… pay back 还钱，pay out 付出大笔款项；放松 pay up 付清欠款
[即学即练11](1)They ____________ their debt after ten years.十年后他们还清了债务。(2)Two hundred workers have __________________. 200名工人已被结清工资了。(3)They took a hell of a risk but it ____________. 他们冒了很大的风险，。
been paid off
paid off
12．in favour of in favour 赞同；流行；得宠 in favour with sb. 受某人支持 in sb.‘s favour 对某人有利 out of favour 失宠；不流行 do sb. a favour＝do a favour for sb. 帮某人忙 do sb. the favour to do sth. 帮某人做…… owe sb. a favour 欠某人情
[即学即练12](1)Are you __________________ cloning or __________ cloning? 你是支持还是反对克隆(技术)? (2)There were 247 votes _________________ the plan and 152 against. 有247票同意这个计划，152。
against
in favour of
(3)She‘s not __________________ the media just now. 目前她没有媒体的捧场。(4)The exchange rate is __________________ at the moment.目前汇率对我们有利。(5)Could you ________________________ and pick up Sam from school? 你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？
in favour with
in our favour
do me a favour
13．be bound to bound v. 跳跃；限制；形成……的界线 n. 跳跃；界线， adj. 必然的，be bound to sth. 被束缚于某物；被绑在某物上 be bound to do sth. 一定会、be bound (for...) 准备(去……) be bound up in 热心于，be bound up with 与……有密切关系 I'll be bound... 我确信……
[即学即练13](1)It‘s __________________ sunny again tomorrow.明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。(2)We _________________ obey the law. 我们有义务遵守法律。
are bound to
(3)The plane __________________ New York. 这架飞机是飞往纽约的。(4)He's too _________________ his work to have much time for his children. 他工作太忙，。
bound up in
14．in good/bad condition (坏)；情况很好(坏) be in good condition(＝be in a good state) (人)健康状况好；(东西)保存/保养得好 out of/in bad condition(人)身体不适；(物)保养得不好 working/living conditions工作/生活条件 in difficult conditions在困难的条件下 on condition that...(相当于so long as或if)只要 on this/that condition在这种/那种条件下 economic conditions经济形势 in/under favourable conditions在有利的形势下
[即学即练14](1)The car is still _________________. 这车状况仍然良好。(2)The miners there worked __________________. 那里的矿工们在极其恶劣的环境中工作。
in dreadful conditions
(3)You must _________________ tell him what has happened.你无论在什么情况下都不可告诉他所发生的事。(4)I’ll do it __________________ you pay for everything.我可以做此事，。
on condition that
Ⅱ.重点句型详解
1．Then_came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.——多莉得了重病。
(1)表示方位、，here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首时，。Look, here comes the bus.看，。Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。There goes the bell.铃响了。
(2)news与that Dolly had become seriously ill是同位语关系。、，，，。
We heard of the news that our team had won. 我们听说了我们队赢了这一消息。We must face the fact that we have run out of all the money.我们必须面对我们已花完了钱这一事实。
[1] (1)In the dark forests ______， some large enough to hold several English towns. A．stand many lakes B．lie many lakes C．many lakes lie
Dmany lakes stand
答案：B
解析：表地点的介词短语放在句首时用完全倒装，表示某物位于某处用动词lie。
(2)Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ______ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A．why
Bthat C．where
Dbecause
答案：B
解析：考查同位语从句。句意为：他没来上课，因他必须到机场接他叔叔，没人相信这个理由。his reason后接同位语从句，由for being absent from the class隔开，从句是个完整的句子，故选B项。
2．Did she die young because she was a clone?young 为形容词，。，(短语)或形容词化的分词有时起状语作用，、。
(1)(短语)或形容词化的分词多放在句首，。(短语)相当于原因状语从句。Thirsty and hungry (＝As he was thirsty and hungry), he went to a farmer‘s cottage to ask for something to eat. 由于又饥又渴，。 Frightened(Because she was frightened), she asked me to go with her. 由于害怕，。
(2)(短语)表主语动作发生的时间，。。Ripe (＝When they are ripe), the oranges taste sweet. 这些橘子熟了时，。
(3)(短语)表示主语所处境况或意义增补时，。。Holmes found the man lying on the floor, dead (＝and he was dead). 福尔摩斯发现那个人躺在地板上，。
One woman was lying in bed, awake (and she was awake). 有位妇女醒着躺在床上。For a moment she just stood there, unable (＝and she was unable) to believe what had just happened. 她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，。
[2] (2008·北京)After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ______. A．hungry and tiredly
B．hungry and tired C．hungrily and tiredly
D．hungrily and tired
解析：本题考查形容词做状语。
易 错 点 拨
自我完善·误区备考
1.bother/disturb/trouble/annoy 这组词都表示“使人不得安宁”或“心烦意乱”。 (1)bother指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁，可能是故意的，含有使人讨厌的意味。 (2)disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁，精力不能集中，语气比bother弱。
(3)trouble常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌的请求。 (4)annoy通常指重复性的行为使(别人)生气。常用被动，表示为某事烦恼、生气。
