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语法专题十 数词和主谓一致
一、数词
数词分为两种：基数词（表示数目）和序数词（表示顺序）。
考点一 dozen与score的用法
1．dozen（一打，十二），score（二十）与具体数词或与many，several 等连用时，后不加s，所修饰的名词前常省去of。如：two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋，many dozen pencils好多打铅笔；dozen，score的复数形式后接of时，表示“许多”，是概数。如：dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋，scores of pencils几十支铅笔。此外，有“数词＋score＋of＋名词”这种用法。如：two score of eggs 40个鸡蛋，three score of people 60个人。
2．当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these，those，my，your等或是修饰人称代词宾格them，us，you时，这时需要加of。如：two dozen of these pens，three score of them。
考点二 分数的表达法
分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1，则分母用复数。如：onefourth（a quarter）1/4 twofifths 2/5
Twothirds of the money was spent on food.
考点三 年龄的表达法
表示某人的确切年龄，用“基数词＋years old”或者“at the age of＋基数词”，也可直接用基数词；表示某人几十多岁时，用“in one's＋逢十的基数词的复数（如tens，twenties，thirties等）”来表达。
She is still in her twenties.她才二十几岁。
考点四 年代的表达法
表示“几十年代”时，在阿拉伯数字后加s或's。
My grandpa was born in 1910's.
二、主谓一致
谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”也就是平常说的从语法形式上取得一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定，也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。
考点一 谓语动词用单数的情况
1．主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、度量、容量、书名等整体概念的名词时。
Ten miles is not a long way for me.
2．由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语，前面由不定代词every/each/no修饰时。
Every student and every teacher is in the classroom.
3．and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，因而两个名词共用一个冠词时。
The writer and artist has come.
Bread and butter is her favourite food.
4．the number of＋复数名词作主语时。
The number of professors present at the meeting is 1800.
5．动名词（短语）、不定式、从句等作主语时。
What he said is very important for us all.
6．one and a half＋复数名词；more than one＋单数名词；many a＋单数名词作主语时。
More than one student has gone to Beijing.
7．“the＋形容词”表示一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数。
The new is sure to replace the old.
考点二 谓语动词用复数的情况
1．有些集合名词，如：clothes，cattle，folk，people，police，poultry（家禽）等作主语，后面的谓语动词多用复数形式。
The police are searching for the murderer.
2．“the＋形容词或分词”表示某一类人时动词用复数。
The old are living a happy life now.
3．由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式（不可数名词同样）。
Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.
考点三 谓语动词单复数视情况而定
1．集合名词如：group，family，class，government，team，public，enemy，crowd，audience，club，party，crew等作主语时，如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，如果侧重其成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
The family which is not big like watching football games.
2．主语是单复数同形的名词如：deer，sheep，fish，series，species，means，works，aircraft等时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。
A new means has been used by our government.
Many means have not come into effect. 3．代词none，neither，all等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于所指代的内容。
All our hope has gone.
All the students have come on time.
4．population表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
The population of Canada is about 29 million.
Eighty percent of the population in this country are farmers.
考点四 “名词（或代词）＋介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致
1．有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语，该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。
The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.
2．当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数要与它们前面的主语取得一致。The singer together with his agent has arrived.
考点五 “名词（或代词）＋of＋名词”作主语时的主谓一致
1．由“some，plenty，a lot，lots，most，the rest，all，half，part或分数、百分数＋of＋名词”等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。一般来说，如果of后面所接名词为复数形式，谓语动词为复数；如果of后面所接名词为单数形式或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式。
About one third of the books are well worth reading.
Over 30% of the work has been finished.
2．由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词＋of this kind”等，以及type，sort，part，piece，section，pair等构成的同类型短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。
This kind of animals is dangerous.
Animals of this kind are dangerous. 3．“a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
“large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“a large quantity of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
“a large quantity of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“large quantities of＋不可数名词/复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
“a good/great deal of＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。
Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market.
考点六 就近原则
1．由or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，采用就近一致原则，即谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin's movies.
Are either you or your brother going to the party?
2．there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。
There are some envelopes and paper for you.
考点七 定语从句中的主谓一致
1．在定语从句里，关系代词that，who，which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
Those who have seen the film please put up your hands.
2．“one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，从句中谓语动词要用复数形式。
Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad.
3．“the only one of＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。
He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
1．（2024·陕西高考）The basketball coach，as well as his team，______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A．wereB．was
C．is
D．are
2．（2024·湖南高考）All the scientific evidence ______ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ______ damaging our health.
A．show；are
B．shows；are
C．show；is
D．shows；is
3．（2011·安徽高考）The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which ______ saved for other purposes.
A．is
B．are
C．was
D．were
4．（2011·湖南高考）Onethird of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______ black people.
A．is；are
B．is；is
C．are；are
D．are；is
5．（2011·江苏高考）The fact that so many people still smoke in public places ______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A．suggest
B．suggests
C．suggested
D．suggesting
6．（2024·安徽皖南八校第二次联考）It is either he or you ______in charge of the project and supposed to finish it punctually.
A．who is
B．that is
C．who are
D．which are
7．（2024·云南昆明摸底调研）The girl found the Tshirt sold online was______that in the supermarket.
A．as half cheap as
B．cheap as half as
C．the half price of
D．half the price of
8．（2024·北京东城第二次联考）The basketball coach，as well as his team，______ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A．were
B．was
C．is
D．are
9．（2024·四川南充月考）The driver，______ the passengers，______ responsible for the accident.
A．more than；are
B．rather than；is
C．other than；were
D．less than；was
10．（2024·陕西西安月考）My sister，as well as her classmates who ______late for class，______criticized by Mr Hunt.
A．were ；was
B．was；were
C．was；was
D．were；were
11．（2024·河南开封模拟）______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.
A．Two fifth；is
B．Two fifths；are
C．Two fifth；are
D．Two fifths；is
12．Everyone，men and women，old and young ______ sports and games.
A．is enjoy
B．were enjoying
C．enjoys
D．enjoy
13．Mayor as well as volunteer workers ______ the newlybuilt stadium.
A．is cleaning
B．are cleaning
C．were cleaning
D．have cleaned
14．Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.
A．have known
B．knows
C．is known
D．are known
15．The public ______ the best judge because the public always ______ their thoughts.
A．are；express
B．is；express
C．is；expresses
D．are；expresses
16．The family as well as their dog ______ on the roof by the flood.
A．was trapped
B．trapped
C．were trapped
D．trapping
17．Cattle ______ well in the country market at present，according to the evening news.
A．sell
B．sells
C．is being sold
D．will be sold
18．All the furniture in my office ______ made in Hong Kong.
A．is
B．are
C．were
D．had been
19．Every means ______to prevent the water from ______.
A．are used；polluting
B．get used；pollution
C．is used；polluted
D．has been used；being polluted
20．Is it he or you ______ in charge of the job?
A．who is
B．that is
C．who are
D．whom are
21．I think Class One ______ to win because Class One ______ all football lovers.
A．is likely；are
B．are likely；are
C．is likely；is
D．are likely；is
22．Britain ______ many other industrialized countries，______ major changes over the last 100 years.
A．together with；have experienced
B．as well as；have experienced
C．in common with；has experienced
D．instead of；has experienced
23．Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes______ sent to the disasterhit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.
A．has been
B．have been
C．is being
D．are being
24．What the children in the mountain village need ______ good books.
A．is
B．are
C．have
D．has
25．A teacher of English and head teacher ______ us something about volunteer workers.
A．are telling
B．is telling
C．are given
D．were given
26．Nothing but several glasses ______ bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A．was
B．were
C．have been
D．would be
27．（2024·广西桂林中学模拟）It's said that ______ of the students ______ absent.
A．threefifth；are
B．threefifths；is
C．thirdfifth；is
D．threefifths；are
28．（2024·湖南湘中名校联考）Not Jack，but you and I ______to blame for the accident.We were so careless.
A．am
B．is
C．are
D．should
29．（2024·湖南湘中名校联考）—What a lot of money！Is it meant for me?
—Yes，darling.If you get full marks in the exam，you'll have ______ that.
A．more than twice than
B．more than twice as much as
C．twice as much than
D．as much twice as
30．（2024·湖南重点中学月考）More than one doctor ______ involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.
A．were
B．was
C．are
