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阅读教程 Module 7 Wild World 选修
阅读教程 考点串讲?讲练互动 文章结构阅读法 所谓文章结构题,就是指那些针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的发展层次所设置的问题.这类题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、 所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力.与主旨大意题和细节理解题考查学生对篇章内容理解能力不同的是,文章结构题主要考查学生对阅读材料的篇章结构和发展脉络的宏观把握.在中考题中,这是一种较为新颖的考查方式,不像主旨大意题和细节理解题等为广大师生所熟知.因此,我们就来简单探讨一下文章结构题的解题方法. 一、文章结构题的题干表现形式: 1. What is the right order of the steps in doing________? 2.The second paragraph is developed by ________． 3.How is the passage mainly developed? 4. The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with ________． 5.Which of the following pictures shows the structure of the passage? 6. In the next part, the author would most probably talk about________． 二、文章结构题的解答: 文章结构题的考查对象无非是整个篇章或是其中的某个段落.因此,在解答此类题之前,有必要对全篇或考查的段落进行通读,了解其大意.由于题目提问方式较为单一,无非是文章/段落的发展方法,因此解题的关键在于找出篇章/段落中表示层次发展的关键词,如表示时间的关联词、表示方位的关联词、 表示因果关系的关联词和表示对比、比较的关联词等等.另外,此类题型最为常见的考法之一就是根据整篇文章的叙述发展或论证的步骤过程推测出作者接下来要叙述的事件或将要发表的观点.此时,同学们要在正确理解篇章内容的基础上对文章的发展做出合理的推断.这些推断往往不是凭空臆断,而是会在上文中给出一定的提示, 或是所说明两个事物/人的另一个,或是两种截然不同的观点的另一方面,作者总会给读者充分的证据对文章结构做出合理的推断.下面我们以近年来的中考题为例看看文章结构题的解答技巧.
As you are working, keep your eyes on your own test booklet(小册子) and answer document(答题卷). If you have a question, raise your hand, but don’t look around. If you are involved in any of the actions listed below, you will be dismissed (让……离开) and your answer document will not be scored. Prohibited (禁止的) behaviors include: 例 ●continuing to write after time is called on each test (You must put your pencil down when time is called.) ●looking at another student’s test booklet or answer document ●using any device to share or exchange information at any time during testing or during the break (All electronic devices, including mobile phones and Mp4s, must be turned off from the time you are allowed to test until you are dismissed after testing.) ●trying to remove test materials, including questions or answers, from the test room ●not following instructions by the rules (规则) of the test center ●allowing a clock or mobile phone to sound in the test room If you finish before time is called, review your work on the test you have just finished. If you are satisfied with your answers, place your answer document inside your test booklet and close the cover. Sit quietly until the teacher gives you further instructions. You will have two tests in the morning and a short break between the tests. Don’t leave the building during the break. You must ask permission (允许) to leave the room during testing to go to the restroom; you will not be allowed to make up (弥补) the time you miss. You will be required to sit quietly until you are dismissed. After all answer documents and test booklets have been collected, the teacher will dismiss you. 43.When a student finishes testing before time is called, the right order of what to do is ________． ①close the cover ②review the work on the test ③place the answer document inside the test booklet ④sit quietly until the teacher tells you what to do next A．②①③④ B．④②①③ C．②③①④
D．③②④① 【解析】 根据文章倒数第三段可以得知,如果考生在结束时间之前就完成了答卷,他首先应该再检查一遍试卷上的题目,接着将答题卷放入测试册中,然后合上封皮,最后等着老师告诉他下一步该怎么做.因此,正确选项为C. 【答案】 C 跟踪训练 Indonesia is known as the country of islands.It has 17,508.But in recent years,the popular tourist destination has lost some of its shine. Due to rising sea levels caused by global warming,24 Indonesian islands have gone under the sea. Scientists say 2,000 more will disappear before 2030.In the past three years,the southeast Asian nation also witnessed its islands destroyed by a tsunami(海啸) and typhoons. “If no measures are taken to fight climate change,the beautiful islands will go forever.” scientists told environmental ministers from about 190 countries at a UN climate change meeting. This week they are meeting in Bali,an Indonesian islands.They are trying to reach a deal to cut the world’s emissions(排放) of CO2,which makes the earth warmer.Indonesia is not alone. This year has been more extreme_weather hit the world.Canada and US suffered heavy storms and typhoons while Australians were caught in the heaviest drought in a century. In China,the average temperature this year went up by 1.2℃ from last year,reaching the highest on record since 1951. From Jiangxi and Hunan in the south to Heilongjiang and Jilin in the northeast,one-third of farmland has suffered from a drought. However,other parts of the country got too much rain.More than 700 people were killed in floods,landslides(泥石流) and storms.“These weather extreme are the more obvious effects of global warming,” said Song Lianchun,a climate expert. Scientists say time is running out.To escape from the worst effects,global CO2 emissions need to be cut from the levels they were at in 2000 by 50 to 85 percent by 2050. But in recent years climate change talks have been bogged down by arguments over who will pay the bill for cleaner technology.Developing countries are worried that the cut in emissions will slow their economic development. “China will play a responsible and constructive role in the meeting,” said Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao.The nation is now the world’s second largest greenhouse gas emitter(排放者) .”However,developed nations should help developing nations deal with the global issue.” 1.Which of the following is in the correct order? a．More and more islands are going under the sea. b．The sea levels are continuously rising. c．The weather is getting warmer and warmer. d．Emission of CO2 is increasing. A．abcd
B．bcda C．cbad
D．Dcba 解析:选D.根据文章内容可知,先是二氧化碳的排放量增加导致全球气候变暖,气候变暖而导致冰融化,海平面上升,再导致很多岛屿被淹没. 2.What does the phrase “extreme weather” mean in the story? A．Temperatures are rising all over the world. B．Bad weather like floods,drought,and landslides happen in some countries. C．More and more farmland is eaten up by desert. D．It pours down in some places,while it doesn’t rain at all in other places. 解析:选B.根据文章ABC都是片面的,故选B. 3.Climate change talks have become bogged down because countries cannot agree on________． A．who should be responsible for causing climate change B．who will pay for the cleaner technology needed to tackle(处理) climate change C．whether developed nations should help developing nations in solving climate change D．whether developing nations should cut emission of CO2 解析:选B.由文章倒数第二段首句可知. 4.What is China’s attitude towards dealing with problems of climate change? A．China will pay for the cleaner technology. B．China will take an active part in dealing with climate change. C．China think it is developed nations’ responsibility to deal with climate change. D．China will depend on developed nations to help it to solve climate change. 解析:选B.由文章最后一段温总的话可知. 5.By 2030,it is more likely that only islands belonging to Indonesia will remain above the sea________． A．about 17508 B．about 14484 C．about 15508
D．about 2000 解析:选B.从第一和第二段的内容可以看出.
阅读教程 Module 7 Wild World 选修
阅读教程 考点串讲?讲练互动 文章结构阅读法 所谓文章结构题,就是指那些针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的发展层次所设置的问题.这类题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序、 所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力.与主旨大意题和细节理解题考查学生对篇章内容理解能力不同的是,文章结构题主要考查学生对阅读材料的篇章结构和发展脉络的宏观把握.在中考题中,这是一种较为新颖的考查方式,不像主旨大意题和细节理解题等为广大师生所熟知.因此,我们就来简单探讨一下文章结构题的解题方法. 一、文章结构题的题干表现形式: 1. What is the right order of the steps in doing________? 2.The second paragraph is developed by ________． 3.How is the passage mainly developed? 4. The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with ________． 5.Which of the following pictures shows the structure of the passage? 6. In the next part, the author would most probably talk about________． 二、文章结构题的解答: 文章结构题的考查对象无非是整个篇章或是其中的某个段落.因此,在解答此类题之前,有必要对全篇或考查的段落进行通读,了解其大意.由于题目提问方式较为单一,无非是文章/段落的发展方法,因此解题的关键在于找出篇章/段落中表示层次发展的关键词,如表示时间的关联词、表示方位的关联词、 表示因果关系的关联词和表示对比、比较的关联词等等.另外,此类题型最为常见的考法之一就是根据整篇文章的叙述发展或论证的步骤过程推测出作者接下来要叙述的事件或将要发表的观点.此时,同学们要在正确理解篇章内容的基础上对文章的发展做出合理的推断.这些推断往往不是凭空臆断,而是会在上文中给出一定的提示, 或是所说明两个事物/人的另一个,或是两种截然不同的观点的另一方面,作者总会给读者充分的证据对文章结构做出合理的推断.下面我们以近年来的中考题为例看看文章结构题的解答技巧.
As you are working, keep your eyes on your own test booklet(小册子) and answer document(答题卷). If you have a question, raise your hand, but don’t look around. If you are involved in any of the actions listed below, you will be dismissed (让……离开) and your answer document will not be scored. Prohibited (禁止的) behaviors include: 例 ●continuing to write after time is called on each test (You must put your pencil down when time is called.) ●looking at another student’s test booklet or answer document ●using any device to share or exchange information at any time during testing or during the break (All electronic devices, including mobile phones and Mp4s, must be turned off from the time you are allowed to test until you are dismissed after testing.) ●trying to remove test materials, including questions or answers, from the test room ●not following instructions by the rules (规则) of the test center ●allowing a clock or mobile phone to sound in the test room If you finish before time is called, review your work on the test you have just finished. If you are satisfied with your answers, place your answer document inside your test booklet and close the cover. Sit quietly until the teacher gives you further instructions. You will have two tests in the morning and a short break between the tests. Don’t leave the building during the break. You must ask permission (允许) to leave the room during testing to go to the restroom; you will not be allowed to make up (弥补) the time you miss. You will be required to sit quietly until you are dismissed. After all answer documents and test booklets have been collected, the teacher will dismiss you. 43.When a student finishes testing before time is called, the right order of what to do is ________． ①close the cover ②review the work on the test ③place the answer document inside the test booklet ④sit quietly until the teacher tells you what to do next A．②①③④ B．④②①③ C．②③①④
D．③②④① 【解析】 根据文章倒数第三段可以得知,如果考生在结束时间之前就完成了答卷,他首先应该再检查一遍试卷上的题目,接着将答题卷放入测试册中,然后合上封皮,最后等着老师告诉他下一步该怎么做.因此,正确选项为C. 【答案】 C 跟踪训练 Indonesia is known as the country of islands.It has 17,508.But in recent years,the popular tourist destination has lost some of its shine. Due to rising sea levels caused by global warming,24 Indonesian islands have gone under the sea. Scientists say 2,000 more will disappear before 2030.In the past three years,the southeast Asian nation also witnessed its islands destroyed by a tsunami(海啸) and typhoons. “If no measures are taken to fight climate change,the beautiful islands will go forever.” scientists told environmental ministers from about 190 countries at a UN climate change meeting. This week they are meeting in Bali,an Indonesian islands.They are trying to reach a deal to cut the world’s emissions(排放) of CO2,which makes the earth warmer.Indonesia is not alone. This year has been more extreme_weather hit the world.Canada and US suffered heavy storms and typhoons while Australians were caught in the heaviest drought in a century. In China,the average temperature this year went up by 1.2℃ from last year,reaching the highest on record since 1951. From Jiangxi and Hunan in the south to Heilongjiang and Jilin in the northeast,one-third of farmland has suffered from a drought. However,other parts of the country got too much rain.More than 700 people were killed in floods,landslides(泥石流) and storms.“These weather extreme are the more obvious effects of global warming,” said Song Lianchun,a climate expert. Scientists say time is running out.To escape from the worst effects,global CO2 emissions need to be cut from the levels they were at in 2000 by 50 to 85 percent by 2050. But in recent years climate change talks have been bogged down by arguments over who will pay the bill for cleaner technology.Developing countries are worried that the cut in emissions will slow their economic development. “China will play a responsible and constructive role in the meeting,” said Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao.The nation is now the world’s second largest greenhouse gas emitter(排放者) .”However,developed nations should help developing nations deal with the global issue.” 1.Which of the following is in the correct order? a．More and more islands are going under the sea. b．The sea levels are continuously rising. c．The weather is getting warmer and warmer. d．Emission of CO2 is increasing. A．abcd
B．bcda C．cbad
D．Dcba 解析:选D.根据文章内容可知,先是二氧化碳的排放量增加导致全球气候变暖,气候变暖而导致冰融化,海平面上升,再导致很多岛屿被淹没. 2.What does the phrase “extreme weather” mean in the story? A．Temperatures are rising all over the world. B．Bad weather like floods,drought,and landslides happen in some countries. C．More and more farmland is eaten up by desert. D．It pours down in some places,while it doesn’t rain at all in other places. 解析:选B.根据文章ABC都是片面的,故选B. 3.Climate change talks have become bogged down because countries cannot agree on________． A．who should be responsible for causing climate change B．who will pay for the cleaner technology needed to tackle(处理) climate change C．whether developed nations should help developing nations in solving climate change D．whether developing nations should cut emission of CO2 解析:选B.由文章倒数第二段首句可知. 4.What is China’s attitude towards dealing with problems of climate change? A．China will pay for the cleaner technology. B．China will take an active part in dealing with climate change. C．China think it is developed nations’ responsibility to deal with climate change. D．China will depend on developed nations to help it to solve climate change. 解析:选B.由文章最后一段温总的话可知. 5.By 2030,it is more likely that only islands belonging to Indonesia will remain above the sea________． A．about 17508 B．about 14484 C．about 15508
D．about 2000 解析:选B.从第一和第二段的内容可以看出.
