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2024高考英语冲刺抢分训练集4
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1．burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发
burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然……起来
burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然……起来；突然发作
burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech 突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来
burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来
burst in 闯入
burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支
be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做(某事)
at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下
a burst of anger 怒火的迸发
[即学即练1]
(1)She burst out ______ for a while, and burst into ______ for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。
(2)We all thought his heart would burst ______ ___________________.我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。
(3)The police ____________ and arrested the gang.警察突然闯进来逮捕了那帮人。
答案是：crying；laughter；with；happiness；burst in
(4)Tom is bursting ____________ his mother.汤姆急着要见他的妈妈。
(5)There was __________________ laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。
答案是：to see；a burst of
2．ruin n. [U]毁坏；毁灭，崩溃[C](pl.) 废墟，遗迹 v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭
in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪
be the ruin of 成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因
come/fall to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉
bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡
ruin oneself 自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉
[即学即练2]
(1)Drink was his father's ______ and it will be the ______of him too.酗酒是他父亲失败的原因，他也将遭同样的厄运。
(2)Years of fighting have left the area ___________.多年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。
(3)A large number of churches __________________ after the revolution. 革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。
(4)The heavy rain __________________.大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。
(5)If you go on like this, you'll ____________.如果你继续这样下去，你会自己毁了自己。
答案是：ruin ruin；in ruins；fell to ruin；ruined our holiday；ruin yourself
3．injure vt. 损害，伤害
injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害
injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的
do an injury to sb.伤害某人
the injured伤员
an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情
injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感
[即学即练3]
(1)The boy ______ his leg.这个男孩把腿弄伤了。
(2)Your remark may ______ her pride.你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
(3)I didn't mean to ______ her ____________.我并未打算伤害她。
答案是：injured；injure；do an injury
4．shock n. [U；C]打击；震惊；震动；休克 vt. 使震惊，使惊愕
be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊
be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事
It shocked sb. to see/hear...看见/听到……使某人震惊。
(be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击
[即学即练4]
(1)The news of his wife's death was ________________________ him.他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。
(2)He __________________ her smoking.看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。
(3)__________________ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。
答案是：a terrible shock to；was shocked at；It shocked me
提示：shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人) shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)
5．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
bury oneself in study 埋头研究
bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事
be buried in thoughts 沉思
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
be buried alive 被活埋；隐居
[即学即练5]
(1)He was sitting with his head ______in a book.他坐着埋头看书。
(2)He walked slowly, his hands ______ in his pockets.他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。
(3)After the divorce, she __________________ her work.离婚后，她埋头于工作。
答案是：buried；buried；buried herself in
提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。
6．judge v. 断定；判断；判决
n. 裁判员；法官；评判员
judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力
judging by/from 从……上看，根据……判断
judge sb./sth. from/by... 从……来判断
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
in one's judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法
[即学即练6]
(1)Don't ______ a book ______ its cover. 勿以貌取人。
(2)______________ his accent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。
(3)He ________________________ the best actor of this year.他被评为今年的最佳男演员。
答案是：judge by；Judging from/by；Was judged to be
7．right away立刻，马上
(1)表示“立刻，马上”的短语
without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time/right off
(2)比较right away/right now
right away“立刻，马上”，相当于at once, in no time。
right now“立即，马上；此时此刻”，后一意义比now的语气强，相当于at this very moment。
[即学即练7]
(1)I want it to be sent ____________.马上把它发出去。
(2)He cleaned the room ____________.他立即开始打扫房间。
(3)He’s not in the office ____________.他现在不在办公室。
答案是：right away；right away；right now
8．at an end 终止；结束
bring...to an end (使)结束，终止
come to an end 结束，终止
at the end of 在……尽头(末)
by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后，终于(后不加 of短语)
on end 一连，连续
to the end 到底
without end 没完没了
make ends meet 收支相抵
[即学即练8]
(1)The year is __________________.这一年已到年终了。
(2)The meeting ________________________.会议结束了。
(3)Go straight and you’ll find the hospital ________________________ the road.一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。
(4)They argued for two hours ____________.他们一连辩论了两个小时。
答案是：at an end；came to an end；at the end of；on end
9．a (great) number of 许多；大量的
a large/great/good number of
a great/good many
a good few
quite a few＋可数名词复数
many a more than one＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词
a great/good deal of
a great/large amount o
quite a little＋不可数名词
a lot/lots of
a great/large quantity of
large quantities of
plenty of＋可数名词复数或不可数名词
[即学即练9]
(1)There ______ (be) a great number of books in the shelves.
(2)The number of guests invited ______ (be) 50, but a number of them ______ (be) absent for the heavy rain.
(3)Quantities of water ______ (be) polluted now.
(4)A great deal of oil ______ (be) poured into the sea and did great harm to creatures in the water.
(5)Many a famous writer ______(be) an alumnus(撰搞人) of a local newspaper.
答案是：are；was；were；are；was；is
提示：(1)a number of是“许多，大量”的意思，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。the number of 是“……的数目”的意思，谓语动词用单数。
(2)large quantities of ＋(pl.)/[U]做主语，谓语动词用复数。large amounts of＋[U] n．做主语，谓语动词用复数。
易 错 点 拨
自我完善•误区备考
1. ruin/destroy/damage
(1)ruin n. & vt. 表示破坏严重，强调渐渐毁坏了，多指不属于人为因素毁坏某事物，而是自然现象或客观原因改变。有“(使)破产，(使)毁灭”等意思。
(2)destroy vt. 指彻底毁坏，以致不能修复，常作“破坏，毁灭”解，还有“打破(希望、计划)”之意。
(3)damage n．&v. 表示使事物在价值、效用、外观等方面受到毁坏、损害，即部分受损，程度比 destroy 轻。
[应用1] (1)The car was only slightly __________ in the accident.这辆车在事故中只受到轻微的损坏。
(2)That will _________ the reputation of our products.那会毁了我们产品的声誉。
(3)The crops are nearly ______ by the continuous rain.连续不断的雨水几乎毁坏了这些农作物。
答案是：damaged；destroy；ruined
2. injure/wound/hurt/harm
injure 一般指由于意外或事故而造成伤害，也可以表示损害名誉、伤害感情等。
wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。
hurt 是一般用语，指肉体或精神上的伤害，常伴有强烈的疼痛感；还可表示“疼、痛”。
harm 用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可。有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。
[应用2] (1)The robber ___________ him with a knife.那强盗用刀刺伤了他。
(2)These criticisms have ___________ his pride deeply.这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害。
(3)Two people have been badly ______ in the accident.有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了。
(4)Don't ______ your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛。
答案是：wounded；hurt/injured；injured；harm
自我测评•技能备考
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．________________(祝贺) to you on your winning the contest.
2．Thousands of people died in the __________(灾难)．
3．His sudden death was a great _________ (震惊) to his family.
4．He was one of the ________(裁判员) at the boxing match.
5．The car was ___________(陷入) in the mud and couldn't get out.
答案是：Congratulations；disaster；shock；judges；trapped
6．The firemen r__________ three women from the burning house.
7．They are in desperate need of food, clothing and s_____________.
8．Don't leave the lights on—it wastes e___________
9．The miners were b___________ alive when the tunnel collapsed.
10．He was too nevous to e__________ himself in front of the girl.
答案是：rescued；shelter；electricity；buried；express
Ⅱ .单项选择
1．—Have you heard of D．P.R. Korea's nuclear test?
—Yes, ______ news came as ______shock to me.
A．the; aB．the; the C．a; a D．a; the
答案：A
解析：考查冠词。第一空特指上文的消息用 the；第二空用a表示“一个震惊”。
2．Before the firemen arrived, the whole wooden building had already been ______ in the big fire.
A．injured B．wounded
C．damaged D．destroyed
答案：D
解析：表示“房屋被烧毁”用 destroy。
3．—I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
—You can never be ______ careful in the street.
A．much B．very
C．so D．too
答案：D
解析：考查 never...too...表示“再……也不为过；越……越好”。
4．At least 203 miners were killed, 22 ______ and 13 ______ in a coal mine gas explosion on Monday afternoon in Fuxin.
A．injuring; trapping B．injured; trapped
C．injured; trapping D．injuring; trapped
答案：B
解析：考查过去分词。两空都与 were killed并列，故填过去分词形式。
5．______ the way he laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous.
A．Judged from B．Having judged from
C．Judging from D．After having judged from
答案：C
解析：judging from为固定用法，“从……判断”的意思。
6．(2010•山东潍坊质量监测)Her books were all over the dining table, ______ meant we had to eat in the kitchen.
A．which B．what C．that D．it
答案：A
解析：考查定语从句。语意为：她的书摆满了餐桌，这就意味着我们必须在厨房吃饭了。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，代替主句所表达的整个内容。故选A项。
7．(2010•四川绵阳中学)When a boy with dirty spots on the face came in, people present all burst ______ laughing while he burst ______ tears.
A．into; in B．into; out
C．out; into D．out; in
答案：C
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来时，在场的人都笑起来，而他却哭起来。burst out laughing表示“突然大笑起来”，burst into tears表示“突然大哭起来”，都是固定搭配。
8．His head was ______ in the book he was reading.
A．devoted B．addicted
C．buried D．absorbed
答案：C
解析：bury oneself/one’s head in“埋头于，专心于”。be addicted to＝be devoted to＝be absorbed in“专心于”，其主语皆为人。
9．This year an increased number of drivers ______ for driving after drinking.
