2024年高考第二轮复习英语（全国版）题型技法指导专题03 阅读理解

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　　2024年高考第二轮复习英语全国版题型技法指导

　　专题三　阅读理解

　　真题试做

　　A

　　（2024·课标全国高考，A）

　　Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to？Try some of these places：

　　·Visit art museums.They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest.Many offer workshops for making hand­made pieces，traveling exhibits，book signings（签名）by children's favorite writers，and even musical performances and other arts.

　　·Head to a natural history museum.This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky.Also，ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.

　　·Go to a Youtheater.Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors.Pre­show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts.Puppet（木偶）making and stage make­up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.

　　·Try hands­on_science.Visit one of the many hands­on science museums around the country.These science play­lands are great fun for kids and grown­ups alike.They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons，experimenting，and building.When everyone is tired，enjoy a fun family science show，commonly found in these museums.

　　1．If a child is interested in the universe，he probably will visit ______.

　　A．a Youtheater

　　B．an art museum

　　C．a natural history museum

　　D．a hands­on science museum

　　2．What can kids do at a Youtheater?

　　A．Look at rock collections.

　　B．See dinosaur models.

　　C．Watch puppet making.

　　D．Give performances.

　　3．What does “hands­on science” mean in the last paragraph?

　　A．Science games designed by kids.

　　B．Learning science by doing things.

　　C．A show of kids' science work.

　　D．Reading science books.

　　4．Where does this text probably come from?

　　A．A science textbook.

　　B．A tourist map.

　　C．A museum guide.

　　D．A news report.

　　B

　　（2024·课标全国高考，B）

　　Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar，it is also delicious.Most people，and many animals，like eating it.However，the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees' nest and take the honey from it.Often，these nests are high up in trees，and it is difficult to find them.In parts of Africa，though，people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper—a little bird called a honey guide.

　　The honey guide does not actually like honey，but it does like the wax in the beehives（蜂房）．The little bird cannot reach this wax，which is deep inside the bees' nest.So，when it finds a suitable nest，it looks for someone to help it.The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people.Once it has their attention，it flies through the forest，waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.When they finally arrive at the nest，the_follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches.Some of the honey，and the wax，always falls to the ground，and this is when the honey guide takes its share.

　　Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax，but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away.They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives，and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.

　　5．Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest?

　　A．It's small in size.

　　B．It's hidden in trees.

　　C．It's covered with wax.

　　D．It's hard to recognize.

　　6．What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

　　A．A bee.

　　B．A bird.

　　C．A honey seeker.

　　D．A beekeeper.

　　7．The honey guide is special in the way ______.

　　A．it gets its food

　　B．it goes to church

　　C．it sings in the forest

　　D．it reaches into bees' nests

　　8．What can be the best title for the text?

　　A．Wild Bees

　　B．Wax and Honey

　　C．Beekeeping in Africa

　　D．Honey­Lover's Helper

　　C

　　（2024·课标全国高考，C）

　　About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film­studio（影棚）to take part in a crowd­scene.Although our “act” would last only for a short time，we could see quite a number of interesting things.

　　We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene，setting up trees at the edge of a winding path.Very soon，bright lights were turned on and the big movie­camera was wheeled into position.The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby.Since it was hot in the studio，it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path.A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him，and soon the trees were covered in “snow”．Two more fans were turned on，and a “strong wind” blew through the trees.The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.

　　The next scene was a complete contrast（对比）．The way it was filmed was quite unusual.Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen.An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water's edge on an island.By a simple trick like this，palm trees，sandy beaches，and blue，clear skies had been brought into the studio!

　　Since it was our turn next，we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us.For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film “stars”！

　　9．Who is the author?

　　A．A cameraman.

　　B．A film director.

　　C．A crowd­scene actor.

　　D．A workman for scene setting.

　　10．What made the author feel cold?

　　A．The heavy snowfall.

　　B．The man­made scene.

　　C．The low temperature.

　　D．The film being shown.

　　11．What would happen in the “three minutes” mentioned in the last paragraph?

　　A．A new scene would be filmed.

　　B．More stars would act in the film.

　　C．The author would leave the studio.

　　D．The next scene would be prepared.

　　D

　　（2024·课标全国高考，D）

　　Grown­ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle，twinkle，little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

　　One explanation is the law of overlearning，which can be stated as follows：Once we have learned something，additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.

　　In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming，bicycle riding，and playing baseball long after we have learned them.We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle，twinkle，little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks.We not only learn but overlearn.

　　The multiplication tables（乘法口诀表）are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

　　The law of overlearning explains why cramming（突击学习）for an examination，though it may result in a passing grade，is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.By cramming，a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination，but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.A little overlearning，on the other hand，is really necessary for one's future development.

　　12．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

　　A．People remember well what they learned in childhood.

　　B．Children have a better memory than grown­ups.

　　C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

　　D．Stories for children are easy to remember.

　　13．The author explains the law of overlearning by ______.

　　A．presenting research findings

　　B．setting down general rules

　　C．making a comparison

　　D．using examples

　　14．According to the author，being able to use multiplication tables is ______.

　　A．a result of overlearning

　　B．a special case of cramming

　　C．a skill to deal with math problems

　　D．a basic step towards advanced studies

　　15．What is the author's opinion on cramming?

　　A．It leads to failure in college exams.

　　B．It's helpful only in a limited way.

　　C．It's possible to result in poor memory.

　　D．It increases students' learning interest.

　　考向分析

　　分析近几年高考试题，可以发现阅读理解题呈现如下特点：

　　1．选材真实，题材、体裁多样

　　材料大多为时文，与社会日常生活息息相关，情景真实、明确，具有浓厚的时代气息。这种关注实际生活的选材特点已呈现出明显的增强趋势。

　　题材多样化，信息丰富，包括日常生活、科普、社会、文化、政治、经济、资讯、史地、人物传记等等；体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等。

　　2008～2024年高考课标全国卷阅读理解文体与题材统计：

　　年份 文章 A B C D

　　2008 文体 记叙文 说明文 说明文 广告

　　题材 父子关系 夏威夷菠萝 提高放生鱼成活率 介绍度假去处

　　2009 文体 记叙文 记叙文 科技文 说明文

　　题材 母象救子 少年电脑程序员的生活 饲养宠物可能传染疾病 介绍青少年成长教育的方法

　　2010 文体 应用文 报道 说明文 记叙文

　　题材 莎翁故居简介 介绍一个特殊学校实验项目 介绍一种鸟类 马来西亚旅行见闻与感受

　　2011 文体 记叙文 说明文 说明文 招聘广告

　　题材 回忆送奶工 关注高个子人的需求 美国家庭减少家庭开支的办法 招聘四种人员

　　2024 文体 应用文 科技文 说明文 说明文

　　题材 博物馆旅游指南 蜂蜜爱好者的助手 群众演员参与拍戏 深度学习法则

　　2．阅读量大、信息丰富

　　考查阅读能力的一个重要方面是阅读速度，较大的阅读量和信息量对考生的阅读技能是一种有效的检测方法。

　　近几年高考试题都保持了较大的词汇量，所涉及的内容广泛而深刻，对于词汇能力的考查也继续保持了较高的要求，为考生提供了施展阅读才能的机会和十分开阔的思维空间。

　　3．语篇结构复杂

　　阅读材料在保留了其原有的语言风格基础上，加大了语篇结构的难度。作者在阐述问题时使用了多种语篇的手段和修辞方法，文章的展开不全是平铺直叙，而是间有倒叙、插叙等多种方式。行文的跳跃程度较大，陈述次序富于变化，隐含信息较多，再加上阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的遣词造句趋于地道，因此，许多文段读起来感到“生涩”，有时读懂了文字，但不一定能够立刻领悟语篇的意思，常常要反复阅读几次才能读懂。

　　4．语言难度较大

　　具体表现在语句的长度、措辞的灵活性、一定量的生词以及替代和省略手段的运用上。

　　简单句、复合句、虚拟语气、结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象随处可见，而且多种时态混用。词汇运用要求更高，活用词比比皆是，一词多义、熟词生义现象更是频繁出现。

　　5．题型设置合理

　　设题手法更加灵活，设题方式呈多样化的趋势，不仅考查对文中特定信息的理解和把握，还涉及文章的主旨要义、作者的态度意图等深层理解题。2011～2024年高考课标全国卷阅读理解题型以细节理解题和推理判断题为主。

　　总的来说，2024年新课标高考阅读理解试题维系了以往一贯的命题风格，难度也和以往保持一致，生词数量控制合理。文章在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性相结合，信息量大，题材与体裁广泛的特点。

　　答题步骤

　　1．快速浏览，掌握大意。

　　快速浏览，抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构。浏览时不要急于做题，而要注意抓住主要信息，迅速把握文章大意和中心思想，了解文章全貌。同时通览题目，研究题目要求及选项，弄清问题所指。有的问题是针对文章中的一句话设计的，有的是针对一段话所陈述的事实设计的，有的是针对整篇文章设计的。对所提问题做到心中有数，为下一步阅读做好针对性的准备。

　　2．细读全文，找准信息。

　　抓住文章大意、明确解题的目标后，带着问题仔细阅读文章。敏锐捕捉隐含在文中的有关信息词和信息句，推敲其中的关键词语，结合上下文把握语句的含义，排除文中不存在、片面或不合逻辑的选项，作出正确选择。做题时要本着先易后难的原则，对于比较明显的，有把握的题可立刻作出选择；对于难题，要在文章中仔细查阅，认真琢磨，找出确凿的依据，运用逻辑推理，准确选出符合要求的最佳答案。

　　3．复读检查，验证答案。

　　答案选出之后，快速阅读原文，重点放在与题目有关的词语、句子和段落上，核查答案，力求答案准确无误。尤其是感觉把握不大、选择时有些困难的题目，要对照原文与选项，看看是否一致，是否合乎情理、合乎逻辑。

　　技法指导

　　历年的高考阅读理解试题，基本上可分为四类题目：细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题。

　　1．细节理解题

　　细节理解题常见的命题方式有以下几种：

　　（1）Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage?

　　（2）Which of the following （sentences/statements）is NOT true according to the passage?

　　（3）According to the passage，all of the following are true except/but ______.

　　（4）The author mentions all of the following except ______.

　　（5）In the passage，the author states that ______.

　　（6）According to the passage，when （where，why，how，who，etc.）．..

　　（7）Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.

　　（8）Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of...?

　　（9）Which of the drawings below gives an idea of...?

　　细节理解题解题策略

　　▲直接信息题

　　细心审题，直接就题找答案。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落或语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。如：