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阅读理解
Words：318 难度系数：★★ 建议用时：7分钟
Decision-making can be extremely difficult.Decision-making styles are significantly different in different cultures.
In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations，the Western world turns to the“I to you” approach while Japan，the “you to you” approach.The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view.Naturally，often comes a confrontation(冲突) situation，which Westerners are very skillful in dealing with.The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person’s point of view.Thus，the direction of the meeting is a mutual(相互的) attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony.
Besides，Western decision-making goes mostly from top management(管理人员) and often does not consult middle management or the worker.However，in Japan great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels.Based on “bottom-up direction”，ideas can be created at the lowest levels，travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision.Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles.The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony，even if the deal falls through，and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a “you to you” approach，communicating personal views only indirectly.They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach.So the Japanese are thorough in their meetings.Thus Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in many Japanese businesses.But where the American is pressing for a specific decision，the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction.
On the other hand，once a given agreement is made，it is the Japanese who sometimes wonder at the slow pace in which Westerners carry out the decision.The Japanese are eager to move forward and Westerners，perhaps，lag(落后) behind as they take the time for in-depth(深入的) planning.
1．A Japanese business bases its decision ________.
A．on top-down direction
B．on nothing but its workers’ views
C．on bottom-up direction
D．only on its top leaders’ opinions
解析：选C。考查对材料单个细节的把握：C信息来自第3段第3句。
2．The text mainly tells us that Japan and the Western world ________.
A．face great difficulty in making decisions
B．are different in decision-making styles
C．have all members contribute to a decision
D．have two approaches: “I to you” and “you to I”
解析：选B。考查文章主旨归纳能力。文章围绕“日本和西方世界决策风格的差异”而展开。
3．Which of the following is TRUE of the Westerners?
A．They carry out the decision once it is made.
B．There are many meetings in their businesses.
C．They work to achieve harmony in doing business.
D．They are good at handling confrontation situation.
解析：选D。考查对材料细节的综合把握。D信息来自第2段第3句。
4．The author’s attitude towards Japanese decision-making is ________.
A．positive
B．critical(批评的)
C．negative
D．casual(无所谓的)
解析：选A。考查对作者态度的把握。从下列表述中可知答案：a mutual attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony; it is the Japanese who sometimes wonder at the slow pace in which...; The Japanese are eager...and Westerners，perhaps，lag(落后) behind...。
Sometimes life gets a little dull. What used to be fun and different becomes boring. That is the time to look for something new. It is the time for a big idea to get your mind off everyday life. So why not search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) intelligence? Or even better, why not get your computer to do it for you?
Over two million people have joined the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence（SETI）project. Based in California, the SETI project analyzes information taken from a giant radio telescope based in South America. Its task is to look for signals from outer space that might prove that life exists on other planets.
Processing this information is far too big a job for one computer. So the SETI project workers divide the work among volunteers who visit their website. Each computer gets some information to work out from the SETI network through the Internet. This process is often known as “meta-computing”.
It is a wonderful thought. You are sleeping, eating a meal or going out with friends. All this time, your computer is searching the stars for signs that might show something is out there trying to get in touch. Volunteers are proud of being involved in the SETI project. It shows that they understand the potential (潜能) of computing. They know that it is more than just a way of working or playing games.
Meta-computing may also be creating intelligence as well as looking for it. This idea is based on the theory that human intelligence is created by the way in which different parts of the brain communicate with each other. As the saying goes, “The whole is more than the sum of its parts.” People who join the SETI project sometimes wonder whether their computer will become part of a huge network that has learned to think for itself.
60. According to the writer, meta-computing may be creating intelligence
A. because human beings are intelligent
B. because a computer works as the brain does
C. because of a network of many computers
D. because of the number of computers
61. Which of the following shows the order in which the SETI network works?
A. Radio telescope→SETI website→Volunteers’ computer→SETI base
B. Radio telescope→SETI base→SETI website→Volunteers’ computer
C. SETI base→SETI website→Volunteers’ computers→Radio telescope
D. SETI base→Radio telescope→SETI website→Volunteers’ computers
62. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to
A. extra-terrestrial intelligence
B. human intelligence
C. the SETI projectD. meta-computing
63. The passage mainly tells us about
A. a new way to work on the computer
B. a new way to work and play games
C. a new way to search for life outside the earth
D. a new way to make life interesting and different
参考答案60、C BAC
A
The engineer Camillo Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivera, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the company’s head office is still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.
By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.
Camilllo’s son, Adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss. He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialists. The company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators (计算器). In 1959 it produced the ELLA computer system. This was the first mainframe (主机) computer designed and made in Italy.
After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period of financial problems. Other companies, especially the Japanese, made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company.
In 1978, Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss. Olivetti increased its marketing and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment. Soon it became one of the world’s leading companies in information technology and communications. There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group ---one for personal computers, one for other office equipment, one for systems and service, and two for telecommunications.
56. From the text we learn that__________.
A. by 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year
B. Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s
C. some of Olivetti’s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy
D. Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning
57. What was probably the direct result of Olivetti’s falling behind in electronic technology?
A. Adriano’s death.
B. A period of financial problem
C. Its faster progress.
D. Its agreements with other companies
58. What do we know about Olivetti ?
A. It produced the best typewriter in the word.
B. It designed the word’s first mainframe computer.
C. It exported more typewriter than other computer.
D. It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea.
59. The best title for the text would be___________.
A. The Origin of Olivetti
B. The Success of Olivetti
C. The History of Olivetti
D. The Production of Olivetti
参考答案
56. A
57. B
58. D
59. C
***************************************************************结束
阅读理解
Words：318 难度系数：★★ 建议用时：7分钟
Decision-making can be extremely difficult.Decision-making styles are significantly different in different cultures.
In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations，the Western world turns to the“I to you” approach while Japan，the “you to you” approach.The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view.Naturally，often comes a confrontation(冲突) situation，which Westerners are very skillful in dealing with.The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person’s point of view.Thus，the direction of the meeting is a mutual(相互的) attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony.
Besides，Western decision-making goes mostly from top management(管理人员) and often does not consult middle management or the worker.However，in Japan great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels.Based on “bottom-up direction”，ideas can be created at the lowest levels，travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision.Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles.The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony，even if the deal falls through，and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a “you to you” approach，communicating personal views only indirectly.They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach.So the Japanese are thorough in their meetings.Thus Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in many Japanese businesses.But where the American is pressing for a specific decision，the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction.
On the other hand，once a given agreement is made，it is the Japanese who sometimes wonder at the slow pace in which Westerners carry out the decision.The Japanese are eager to move forward and Westerners，perhaps，lag(落后) behind as they take the time for in-depth(深入的) planning.
1．A Japanese business bases its decision ________.
A．on top-down direction
B．on nothing but its workers’ views
C．on bottom-up direction
D．only on its top leaders’ opinions
解析：选C。考查对材料单个细节的把握：C信息来自第3段第3句。
2．The text mainly tells us that Japan and the Western world ________.
A．face great difficulty in making decisions
B．are different in decision-making styles
C．have all members contribute to a decision
D．have two approaches: “I to you” and “you to I”
解析：选B。考查文章主旨归纳能力。文章围绕“日本和西方世界决策风格的差异”而展开。
3．Which of the following is TRUE of the Westerners?
A．They carry out the decision once it is made.
B．There are many meetings in their businesses.
C．They work to achieve harmony in doing business.
D．They are good at handling confrontation situation.
解析：选D。考查对材料细节的综合把握。D信息来自第2段第3句。
4．The author’s attitude towards Japanese decision-making is ________.
A．positive
B．critical(批评的)
C．negative
D．casual(无所谓的)
解析：选A。考查对作者态度的把握。从下列表述中可知答案：a mutual attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony; it is the Japanese who sometimes wonder at the slow pace in which...; The Japanese are eager...and Westerners，perhaps，lag(落后) behind...。
Sometimes life gets a little dull. What used to be fun and different becomes boring. That is the time to look for something new. It is the time for a big idea to get your mind off everyday life. So why not search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) intelligence? Or even better, why not get your computer to do it for you?
Over two million people have joined the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence（SETI）project. Based in California, the SETI project analyzes information taken from a giant radio telescope based in South America. Its task is to look for signals from outer space that might prove that life exists on other planets.
Processing this information is far too big a job for one computer. So the SETI project workers divide the work among volunteers who visit their website. Each computer gets some information to work out from the SETI network through the Internet. This process is often known as “meta-computing”.
It is a wonderful thought. You are sleeping, eating a meal or going out with friends. All this time, your computer is searching the stars for signs that might show something is out there trying to get in touch. Volunteers are proud of being involved in the SETI project. It shows that they understand the potential (潜能) of computing. They know that it is more than just a way of working or playing games.
Meta-computing may also be creating intelligence as well as looking for it. This idea is based on the theory that human intelligence is created by the way in which different parts of the brain communicate with each other. As the saying goes, “The whole is more than the sum of its parts.” People who join the SETI project sometimes wonder whether their computer will become part of a huge network that has learned to think for itself.
60. According to the writer, meta-computing may be creating intelligence
A. because human beings are intelligent
B. because a computer works as the brain does
C. because of a network of many computers
D. because of the number of computers
61. Which of the following shows the order in which the SETI network works?
A. Radio telescope→SETI website→Volunteers’ computer→SETI base
B. Radio telescope→SETI base→SETI website→Volunteers’ computer
C. SETI base→SETI website→Volunteers’ computers→Radio telescope
D. SETI base→Radio telescope→SETI website→Volunteers’ computers
62. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to
A. extra-terrestrial intelligence
B. human intelligence
C. the SETI projectD. meta-computing
63. The passage mainly tells us about
A. a new way to work on the computer
B. a new way to work and play games
C. a new way to search for life outside the earth
D. a new way to make life interesting and different
参考答案60、C BAC
A
The engineer Camillo Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivera, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the company’s head office is still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.
By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.
Camilllo’s son, Adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss. He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialists. The company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators (计算器). In 1959 it produced the ELLA computer system. This was the first mainframe (主机) computer designed and made in Italy.
After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period of financial problems. Other companies, especially the Japanese, made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company.
In 1978, Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss. Olivetti increased its marketing and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment. Soon it became one of the world’s leading companies in information technology and communications. There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group ---one for personal computers, one for other office equipment, one for systems and service, and two for telecommunications.
56. From the text we learn that__________.
A. by 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year
B. Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s
C. some of Olivetti’s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy
D. Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning
57. What was probably the direct result of Olivetti’s falling behind in electronic technology?
A. Adriano’s death.
B. A period of financial problem
C. Its faster progress.
D. Its agreements with other companies
58. What do we know about Olivetti ?
A. It produced the best typewriter in the word.
B. It designed the word’s first mainframe computer.
C. It exported more typewriter than other computer.
D. It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea.
59. The best title for the text would be___________.
A. The Origin of Olivetti
B. The Success of Olivetti
C. The History of Olivetti
D. The Production of Olivetti
参考答案
56. A
57. B
58. D
59. C
***************************************************************结束
