【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
do sth. (用于let, make, have 以及感官动词后) to do sth. (主动) /
to be done (被动) doing sth. (主动，正在进行或 持续进行) done (被动，状态或完成) being done(被动，正在进行) 动词＋宾语＋宾补
究竟用何种形式，取决于带复合宾语的动词的特征。 【特别提醒】hope, welcome, agree, suggest, demand不能跟sb. to do。 (╳)hope sb. to do sth.应改为→ wish /
expect sb. to do sth.
(╳)welcome sb. to do sth.应改为→ sb. be welcome to do sth. (╳)agree sb. to do sth.应改为→ allow / permit sb. to do sth.
(╳)suggest sb. to do sth.应改为→advise sb. to do sth. /
suggest sb. (should)do sth.
(╳)demand sb. to do sth.应改为→require sb. to do /
demand sb. (should )do sth.
【完成例句】
(27)他看见老人过马路。
He saw the old man cross the road.
→ The old man was seen to cross the road. (28)小孩子最后被看见在河边玩。 The children were last seen playing by the river.
【结论2】感官动词see, observe＋宾语＋do sth.(主动，全过程或经常性动作)
hear, notice, watch, feel＋ 宾语＋doing(主动，正在进行)
feel，look at, listen＋宾语＋to be done(与宾语是被动关系) 【注意】若感官动词在被动语态中，则to 要还原。 【翻译句子】
(29) His words sent me thinking.
他的话令我深思。
(30) The teacher often gets us to recite texts.
老师经常叫我们背课文。
(31) I'd like to get my car repaired before the New Year.
我想新年前把车修好。
(32) To our surprise, he was sent to work abroad.
令我们惊讶的是他被送往国外工作了。 【结论3】get / send / set ＋宾语＋doing表示“使……起来”，动作由静止到运动并持续下去
get＋宾语＋to do＝let / have sb. to do表示“让某人做某事”
get＋宾语＋done＝have sth. done表示“使某事被做”
send＋宾语＋to do表示“派某人去做某事” 【翻译句子】 (33) I made my little brother cry. / My little brother was made to cry.
我把弟弟弄哭了。 (34) I spoke clearly and slowly to make myself heard and understood. 我说得又慢又清楚好让自己被听明白。 【结论4】使役动词make＋宾语＋do / done；宾语与do 为主动关系，与done是被动关系；如make 在被动语态中，to要还原。 【例句观察】
The teacher often has us debate in class.
老师经常叫我们在课堂上辩论。 They had the lights burning while working.
他们工作的时候把灯亮着。 Nancy will have her house painted.
Nancy要漆房子。 I am going to the supermarket and have many things to buy. Do you have anything to be bought? 我要去超市买点东西，你有东西要买吗？ do sth. (主动，让某人做某事) doing sth. (主动，让某人或某 物一直做某事) done(被动，①叫人做某事 ②遭遇某事) 使役动词have
＋ 宾语＋
have表示“有”时，用have＋宾语＋to do，表示“有某事要做(主语本人做)”；
用have＋宾语＋to be done，表示“有某事被做(不是主语本人做)”。 【结论5】 【例句观察】
Sorry to have kept you waiting for me for such a long time.
不好意思让你等了这么久。
They went home, leaving much work unfinished.
他们回家了，留下很多事情都没做。
I have once seen the child caught stealing money.
我曾经看到一个小孩偷钱被抓。
I found the little boy lying under the tree when I passed by.
我路过的时候发现那个小男孩躺在树底下。
She found a small boy seated at the back of the classroom.
她发现一个小男孩坐在教室后面。
The teacher wanted the paper (to be)finished in an hour.
老师想让试卷在一个小时内完成。 【结论6】
① keep / leave＋宾语＋doing(主动，且持续进行) / done(被动) ② catch＋宾语＋doing表示“发现某人正在做某事”，宾语与doing为主动，且正在进行。 ③find＋宾语＋doing(主动，正在进行) / done(被动、状态或完成) ④ want / order / ask / wish ＋宾语＋(to be )done (宾语与done之间为被动关系) 七、with复合结构
【完成例句】
(35)小孩跟着他，他不得不回到公园。
With the children following him, he had to go back to the park.
(36)工作完成了，他可以回家了。
With the
work finished, he could go home.
(37)这么多书要看，我不能外出。
With so many books to read, I could not go out.
(38)天气这么热，他们入室休息了。
With the weather so hot, they went in to have a rest.
(39)随着彩电价格降了50%，公司处境艰难。
With the prices of color TV down by 50%, the company has a very hard time.
(40)他妻子走下楼梯，手里拿着一本书。 His wife came down the stairs, with a book in her hand / a book in her hand / a book in hand.
(41)升国旗的时候学生们站成一线。 The students stood in line with the national flag being raised.
【结论】with复合结构是独立主格结构的一种，常在句中充当状语和定语，是英语中的一种常见结构。它由“with＋宾语＋补语”组成，其中，宾语和宾补之间必须有逻辑一致关系。
其结构为：
adv. / prep.
adj.
＋to do(表示将要发生的动作)
doing(主动，同时) / being done(正在被)
done(被动或完成) with ＋ 宾语＋ 三、不定式、动名词和分词作表语 【完成例句】
(11)我的建议是马上开始工作。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
(12)他的爱好是集邮。 His hobby is collecting stamps.
【结论1】不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。
【完成例句】
(13)旅行很有趣但有些累。 Travelling is
interesting but tiring.
(14)学生被迫学得太多会混乱的。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
【结论2】表心理状态的interesting, exciting, delighting, disappointing, encouraging, worrying, puzzling, satisfying, surprising, pleasing等形容词化分词作表语时，表示“令人……的”；interested, excited, delighted, disappointed, encouraged, pleased, puzzled, worried, surprised等表示“感到……”。 【完成例句】
(15)工人们被告知他们按小时计酬。 What the workers have been told is that they get paid by the hour.
【结论3】除be done外， get, become, look, seem, appear, remain等系动词都可跟done。如remain seated / hidden，get paid / dressed / changed / stuck / hurt / injured / burnt等。 【完成例句】 (16)他一直沉迷于电脑游戏，所以他得不了好成绩。
He was addicted to computer games, so he couldn't get good marks.
【结论4】下列be done表示所处的状态 be addicted to…沉迷于…… be absorbed in…全神贯注于 be aimed at…旨在 / 意图…… be armed with… 有……装备 be buried in…埋葬在…… be based on / upon…以……为基础 be born…出生于…… be burdened with…担负着 be crowded with…挤满了…… be covered with / by…覆盖着 be coated with…涂抹了…… be combined with…与……联合 be compared with…与……相比较 be caught in… 陷入…… be lost in…沉迷于…… be concerned about…关心…… be dressed in…穿着…… be devoted to…专心致志于…… be divided into分成 be engaged in…忙于…… be engaged to sb. 与……订婚 be fixed on…专注于…… be faced with…面临着…… be filled with…装满了…… be greeted with…受到了……问候 be grown up 已经长大了 be hidden in…躲在…… be linked to …与……有关 be paved with…铺着…… be loaded with…载有…… be located in…位于…… be matched 很般配 be mistaken 弄错了 be replaced with…更换为…… be related to / with…与……有关
be seated 坐着
be married(to sb. )与某人结婚了 be separated from…与……隔开 be shouldered with…肩负着…… be stationed in…驻扎在…… be surrounded with / by…四周环绕着…… be supposed to do…应该做…… be recovered from …从……中康复 be connected with…与……相连 / 有关 be made of / from / up of由……制成 / 组成 be designed / meant / intended for…专为……而设计 be known as / for / to…以……著称 / 因……著名 / 为……所知 四、不定式、动名词和分词作定语
【完成例句】
(17)我遗憾地告诉你还有东西没解决。
I regret to tell you that there is something unsolved.
(18)水被工厂污染应该受到批评。
The water polluted by the factory should be to blame.
【结论1】单个非谓语动词作定语一般在名词前，但修饰不定代词时在代词后；非谓语动词短语作定语一般要跟在名词后。 【例句观察】
The meeting to be held tomorrow is important.
明天要开的会很重要。 The meeting being held now is important.
现在正在开的这个会很重要。 The meeting held yesterday was important.
昨天开的那个会议很重要。 【结论2】不定式、动名词和分词作定语的区别如下： to do sth.
与被修饰的名词有①主谓关系；②动宾关系；名词前有序数词或最高级；③不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词 名词＋doing sth.
①正在进行的动作；②经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态；③即将发生的动作 to be done 表示将要被做 done 表示已经完成的或表被动的动作[having (been)done不可作定语] being done 表示正在发生的被动动作 【完成例句】
(19)我没有登山鞋。 I have no climbing shoes.
(20)那个睡觉的男孩是他弟弟。 The
sleeping boy was his brother.
【结论3】动名词作定语只放在名词前，说明该名词的性能或用途，不表动作，被修饰的名词与动名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系，反之则是现在分词作定语。 【完成例句】
(21)地上有很多落叶。 There are a lot of fallen leaves on the ground.
【结论4】一些形容词化的过去分词表示已完成的动作或所处的状态，意为“已经……的”。 a fallen leaf落叶(已经落在地上) a falling leaf 飘零的落叶(尚在空中) a developed country发达国家 a developing country 发展中国家 a risen sun升起的太阳 a rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 a returned student归国学生 a retired worker退休工人 an advanced worker先进工作者 boiled water开水 (boiling water 沸水) a bent branch弯曲的树枝 determined opposition强烈的反对 a devoted soldier忠诚的士兵 a well－informed professor见多识广的教授 【疑难1】
The teacher is satisfied with our satisfying performance in class, which can be seen from her satisfied expression on her face.
老师对我们在课堂上令人满意的表现很满意，这可以从她脸上满意的表情看出来。 【疑难剖析1】表示心理状态的－ing形式，表示“令人……的”； －ed形式，表示“(人)感到……”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词。 【疑难2】 ①The man who came this morning is our legal adviser. (√) The man coming this morning is our legal adviser. (× ) ②Is there anyone who can answer this question? (√) Is there anyone answering this question? (× ) ③Those who have finished their work can go home now. (√) Those having finished their work can go home now. (×) 【疑难剖析2】 不宜用现在分词短语作定语的情况： ①不能用doing表达过去动作(见①)； ②用answering表达can answer的意思是错的(见②)； ③完成式不能作定语(见③)。 五、不定式和分词作状语
【例句观察】
Standing on the tower, the whole city could be seen. (×前后主语不一致)
Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (√前后主语一致)
站在塔上，我们可以看见整个城市。
We found the room too small to hold so many people.
我们发现房间太小，容不下这么多人。
He made a long speech only to show his ignorance of the subject. (出乎意料的结果)
他作了很长的演说，结果却是偏离主题的。
Being watched by the audience, the young
speaker felt very nervous. (因为正在被……)
被观众一直看着，年轻的演说者感到有些紧张。
Encouraged by these successes, they decided to expand the business. (被动，先发生但不强调)
被这些成功鼓舞，他们决定拓展他们的贸易。
When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.(主动，同步)
当离开机场的时候，他们一次又一次地向我们挥手。
Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them. (主动，先发生且强调)
没有收到来信，他决定再写一封信给他们。
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. (被动，先发生)
被老师批评后，李明戒了烟。 【结论1】 ①only＋ to do 表示意想不到的结果。 ②doing sth. 与谓语动词同时发生的动作(主动关系) ③being ＋p.p. 强调与谓语动词同时发生的被动动作(“因为正在被……”) ④done已经发生的被动动作 ⑤having done先于谓语动词发生的动作(主动关系) ⑥having been done 先于谓语动词发生的动作(被动关系) 【翻译句子】 (22) He worked deep into the night, preparing a speech for the president. (worked与preparing同时发生)
他为总统准备演说，工作到深夜。 (23) I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for my family. (got up先，prepare breakfast后)
我今天早上起床很早给我的家人准备早餐。 【结论2】不定式“to do sth. ”作目的和结果状语时总是在谓语动词后发生，而分词一般式 “doing sth.”作状语时总是与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生。 【翻译句子】 (24) She is so kind as to help me. ＝ She is so kind that she helps me.
她和善地来帮我。 (25)
She is such a kind girl as to help me. ＝ She is such a kind girl that she helps me.
她是一个和善的女孩，常来帮我。 【结论3】so ＋ adj. / adv.＋ as to do或such＋(a / an)＋adj. ＋ n. ＋ as to do, 可以转化为so …that 或such… that 引导的结果状语从句。
【疑难1】
too…to do表示肯定的情况
I'm only too pleased to help you.
我很高兴能帮助你。
One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 【疑难剖析1】①当only too和 all too与动词不定式连用时，表示肯定意义。 ②too ready (anxious，eager, glad, willing)＋to do，其后的动词不定式具有肯定意义。 ③never (not)＋too…to…句型为“不会太……所以能……”之意。 【疑难2】
Seating himself / Seated / Sitting in the room, he is absorbed in reading.
