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江苏省栟茶高级中学校本化资料
考前一周自主复习英语（7）
课标要求回归
重点语法五 虚拟语气
虚拟语气的形式与用法：
1. 以下句型用should加动词原形的虚拟语气。
1)一些表示命令，要求，决定，建议等概念的动词后由that引导的宾语从句中，必须用be型虚拟式。这类动词有：advise，command，demand，insist，order，propose，recommend，request，require，suggest。
例如：We strongly suggest that he (should) be told about it earlier．
2)一些表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念后的主语从句中，必须用be型虚拟式。此类词主要有：
It is necessary, essential，advisable，important, proper，strange，urgent，vital that…；
It is (was, has been) suggested (decided，desired，ordered，proposed，requested)
that…
例如：It is important that everybody have his health checked yearly．
3)一些表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面由that引导的同位语从句中，通常用be型虚拟式。这类词主要有：advice，command，importance，idea，insistence，
My suggestion is that he be sent to help this group．
4) 在for fear that或in case表示“生怕，以防万一，免得”引导的从句中，从句常常用should。
例如：We dare not play jokes on him for fear that he should become angry．
5)某些表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等的语句中用be型虚拟式。例如：
God bless you!
Long live Chairman Mao!
2．下列两种句型，从句总是用一般过去式表示虚拟语气。
1) It is (high) time that (该做……，必须做……)，丛句用一般过去时。例如：
It is high time that this wrong spending was checked．
2) would rather, would sooner, had rather这些表示“宁愿”的短语后面的从句中的谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。例如：
Don't come today．1 would rather you came tomorrow．
He had rather his children didn’t make so much noise．
I would sooner we had dinner now．
3．If引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气用法
If引导的从句的虚拟语气主要有三种结构：
条件从句 主句
与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be的过去式用were） should （would, might， could）should （ would, might， could）should （would, might， could）I wish I had enough time to finish my homework today．
My brother is in Europe on vacation，but I wish he were here with me．
2)宾浯从句用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。例如：
I wish 1 had gone to the movies with you last night．
I wish Professor Lee had taught me this equation．
3)宾语从句用“would/could +动词原型”表示一种愿望或要求。
例如：I wish that you would come next time．
She wishes that you could stay here longer．
5．由as if／as though引导的状语从句表示方式时，意思是“好像”，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。
1)状语从句用过去式 (be用were的形式)表示与现在的事实相反。例如：
He treats me as if I were a stranger．
2)状语从句用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反。例如：
He talked as if he had been to Australia.
6.介词或介词短语表示虚拟：有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词或介词短语来表示，或通过上下文表示出来。如but for，but that，with，without，otherwise，on condition (that)，in case of，supposing，on the understanding that等表示让步假设。例如：
If I hadn’t got your help，I wouldn't have found my present job．
= Without your help，I wouldn't have found my present job．
= But for your help，1 wouldn't have found my present job．
= But that you helped me，I wouldn't have found my present job．
7. 错综虚拟条件句：一般来说，主句和从句的谓语动词形式应前后呼应。但是有时主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致，谓语动词的形式应作相应的调整，如：从句用过去虚拟语气，主句用现在虚拟语气(通常可以根据时间状语而定)。
Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public，our company would not be so thriving as it is．
If Paul had receivd six more votes in the last election，he would be our chairman now．
8．此外，还有省略了结果主句的虚拟语气if only结构，一般表示愿望。if only从句中的时态有三种：V+ed；be用were；情态动词用could／would／might+v。例如：
If only he saw me now!
要是他现在能看到我那该多好!
If only she had not been married!
要是她没有结过婚就好了!
重点语法六 倒
装
倒装有两种：将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装 (complete inversion)；只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装。
（一）倒装句的意义
1、适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。
例如：Was the People’s Liberation Army founded in 1927?
2
例如：So early did he come to school that no other students came.
1、在 “there be” 结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。
例如： There is a box on the table.
here, there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）
例如： There goes the bell.
2）There she comes.
3、So + 形容词、副词及such 置于句首时要倒装。
例如：So happy did he feel.
2）Such was me.
4、重复倒装句型，用在以so, nor, neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”、“也这样”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。 例如： I am watching TV. So is she.
My parents didn’t watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.
5 例如： “Very well,” said the French student.
6never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。例如： Little did he say at the meeting.
7only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。例如： Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk.
Only Wang Lili knows this.
8、为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装） 例如： Away hurried the boy.
9were, had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。例如： Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.
10as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语）。
例如： Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is, he seems to know everything.child前不加冠词）
11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。
例如： May you succeed!
Long live the People’s Republic of China!
重点语法七 反意疑问句
1. 反意疑问句的用法
1)当陈述部分是there be句型时，反意疑问部分的主语用there。例如：
There aren’t a lot of flowers in the garden in winter，are there?
There existed different opinions on this issue，didn’t there?
2)当陈述部分是以不定代词one作主语时，反意疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one。例如：
One cannot succeed at this，can one?
One cannot succeed at this，can you?
3)当陈述部分是I’m…结构时，反意疑问部分一般用aren't I。例如：
I am a student，aren’t I?
4)当陈述部分是一个带有that引导的宾语从句的复合结构时，反意疑问部分一般根据主句的主语和谓语动词而定。例如：
He says that everybody in our class will attend the meeting，doesn’t he?
但是，当陈述部分的主句是I think，I suppose，I believe等结构时，反意疑问部分则往往由that从句中的主语和谓语动词决定，并且要注意否定的转移。例如：
I believe (that) it is going to rain，isn’t it?
I don't think (that) he will come，will he?
5)当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时，反意疑问部分要根据have的意义及形式而定。
a．当have表示“所有”含义时，反意疑问可以用have形式，也可以用do形式。例如：
He has a book in his hand，hasn't he?
He has a book in his hand，doesn’t he?
b．当陈述部分的动词是have的否定形式时，反意疑问部分是用have形式还是用do形式，取决于陈述部分的动词形式。例如：
You haven't a car，have you?
You don't have any money with you，do you?
c．当have不表示“所有”含义而表示其他含义时，反意疑问句则必须用do的形式。例如：
We had a good time in the vacation，didn’t we?
You have to get up early tomorrow，don’t you?
6)当陈述部分带有never，nothing，nowhere，seldom，hardly，rarely，few，little等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。例如：
The summit meeting never took place，did it?
You can hardly believe what he said，can you?
当陈述部分的谓语动词是带有un-，in-，im-，dis- 等否定前缀的动词，则仍然把陈述部分看作肯定句，那么反意疑问部分用否定形式。例如：
He is impolite to the teacher，isn’t he?
He distrusted anybody around him，didn’t he?
8)当陈述部分带有情态动词used to时，反意疑问部分可以用used to形式，也可以用did形式。例如：
She used to live abroad，usedn’t she?
There used to be a news stand in the corner of the street，didn’t there?
当陈述部分带有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分需视must的含义而定。
a．当must表示“命令或强制”时，反意疑问部分用mustn't。例如：
You must do it by yourself，mustn’t you?
b．当must表示“一定”或“想必”等推测意义时，反意疑问部分不用mustn't，而要根据must后的动词形式而定。例如：
She must have been there for a long time，hasn’t she?
They must have stayed at home last night，didn’t they?
10)当陈述部分带有need时，反意疑问部分需视need的含义而定。如果need用作情态动词，则反意疑问部分用need形式；如果need用作实义动词，表示“需要”，则反意疑问部分用do形式。例如：
You needn't go there，need you?
She needs to go there，doesn’t she?
11)当陈述部分带有I'd better或I’d rather时，反意疑问部分用hadn't或wouldn't。例如 ：
You'd better finish the task before tomorrow，hadn’t you?
He’d rather stay with us，wouldn't he?
12)当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分一般用will you，won't you，would you。例如：
Don't be too late，will you?
Close the door，won’t you?
12) 陈述部分是以Let’s开头的祈使句时，反意疑问部分用shall we；若是以Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分则用will you。例如：
Let’s have a party tonight，shall we?
Let us have a look at your pictures，will you?
注意, 如果祈使句是否定形式，那么反意疑问句只能用will you。例如：
Don't forget to bring your notebooks here tomorrow，will you?
江苏省栟茶高级中学校本化资料
考前一周自主复习英语（7）
课标要求回归
重点语法五 虚拟语气
虚拟语气的形式与用法：
1. 以下句型用should加动词原形的虚拟语气。
1)一些表示命令，要求，决定，建议等概念的动词后由that引导的宾语从句中，必须用be型虚拟式。这类动词有：advise，command，demand，insist，order，propose，recommend，request，require，suggest。
例如：We strongly suggest that he (should) be told about it earlier．
2)一些表示主张、要求、命令、愿望、建议等概念后的主语从句中，必须用be型虚拟式。此类词主要有：
It is necessary, essential，advisable，important, proper，strange，urgent，vital that…；
It is (was, has been) suggested (decided，desired，ordered，proposed，requested)
that…
例如：It is important that everybody have his health checked yearly．
3)一些表示主张、要求、命令等概念的名词后面由that引导的同位语从句中，通常用be型虚拟式。这类词主要有：advice，command，importance，idea，insistence，
My suggestion is that he be sent to help this group．
4) 在for fear that或in case表示“生怕，以防万一，免得”引导的从句中，从句常常用should。
例如：We dare not play jokes on him for fear that he should become angry．
5)某些表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等的语句中用be型虚拟式。例如：
God bless you!
Long live Chairman Mao!
2．下列两种句型，从句总是用一般过去式表示虚拟语气。
1) It is (high) time that (该做……，必须做……)，丛句用一般过去时。例如：
It is high time that this wrong spending was checked．
2) would rather, would sooner, had rather这些表示“宁愿”的短语后面的从句中的谓语动词应使用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。例如：
Don't come today．1 would rather you came tomorrow．
He had rather his children didn’t make so much noise．
I would sooner we had dinner now．
3．If引导的条件状语从句的虚拟语气用法
If引导的从句的虚拟语气主要有三种结构：
条件从句 主句
与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be的过去式用were） should （would, might， could）should （ would, might， could）should （would, might， could）I wish I had enough time to finish my homework today．
My brother is in Europe on vacation，but I wish he were here with me．
2)宾浯从句用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。例如：
I wish 1 had gone to the movies with you last night．
I wish Professor Lee had taught me this equation．
3)宾语从句用“would/could +动词原型”表示一种愿望或要求。
例如：I wish that you would come next time．
She wishes that you could stay here longer．
5．由as if／as though引导的状语从句表示方式时，意思是“好像”，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。
1)状语从句用过去式 (be用were的形式)表示与现在的事实相反。例如：
He treats me as if I were a stranger．
2)状语从句用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反。例如：
He talked as if he had been to Australia.
6.介词或介词短语表示虚拟：有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词或介词短语来表示，或通过上下文表示出来。如but for，but that，with，without，otherwise，on condition (that)，in case of，supposing，on the understanding that等表示让步假设。例如：
If I hadn’t got your help，I wouldn't have found my present job．
= Without your help，I wouldn't have found my present job．
= But for your help，1 wouldn't have found my present job．
= But that you helped me，I wouldn't have found my present job．
7. 错综虚拟条件句：一般来说，主句和从句的谓语动词形式应前后呼应。但是有时主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致，谓语动词的形式应作相应的调整，如：从句用过去虚拟语气，主句用现在虚拟语气(通常可以根据时间状语而定)。
Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public，our company would not be so thriving as it is．
If Paul had receivd six more votes in the last election，he would be our chairman now．
8．此外，还有省略了结果主句的虚拟语气if only结构，一般表示愿望。if only从句中的时态有三种：V+ed；be用were；情态动词用could／would／might+v。例如：
If only he saw me now!
要是他现在能看到我那该多好!
If only she had not been married!
要是她没有结过婚就好了!
重点语法六 倒
装
倒装有两种：将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装 (complete inversion)；只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装。
（一）倒装句的意义
1、适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。
例如：Was the People’s Liberation Army founded in 1927?
2
例如：So early did he come to school that no other students came.
1、在 “there be” 结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。
例如： There is a box on the table.
here, there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）
例如： There goes the bell.
2）There she comes.
3、So + 形容词、副词及such 置于句首时要倒装。
例如：So happy did he feel.
2）Such was me.
4、重复倒装句型，用在以so, nor, neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”、“也这样”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。 例如： I am watching TV. So is she.
My parents didn’t watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.
5 例如： “Very well,” said the French student.
6never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。例如： Little did he say at the meeting.
7only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。例如： Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk.
Only Wang Lili knows this.
8、为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装） 例如： Away hurried the boy.
9were, had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。例如： Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.
10as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语）。
例如： Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is, he seems to know everything.child前不加冠词）
11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。
例如： May you succeed!
Long live the People’s Republic of China!
重点语法七 反意疑问句
1. 反意疑问句的用法
1)当陈述部分是there be句型时，反意疑问部分的主语用there。例如：
There aren’t a lot of flowers in the garden in winter，are there?
There existed different opinions on this issue，didn’t there?
2)当陈述部分是以不定代词one作主语时，反意疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one。例如：
One cannot succeed at this，can one?
One cannot succeed at this，can you?
3)当陈述部分是I’m…结构时，反意疑问部分一般用aren't I。例如：
I am a student，aren’t I?
4)当陈述部分是一个带有that引导的宾语从句的复合结构时，反意疑问部分一般根据主句的主语和谓语动词而定。例如：
He says that everybody in our class will attend the meeting，doesn’t he?
但是，当陈述部分的主句是I think，I suppose，I believe等结构时，反意疑问部分则往往由that从句中的主语和谓语动词决定，并且要注意否定的转移。例如：
I believe (that) it is going to rain，isn’t it?
I don't think (that) he will come，will he?
5)当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时，反意疑问部分要根据have的意义及形式而定。
a．当have表示“所有”含义时，反意疑问可以用have形式，也可以用do形式。例如：
He has a book in his hand，hasn't he?
He has a book in his hand，doesn’t he?
b．当陈述部分的动词是have的否定形式时，反意疑问部分是用have形式还是用do形式，取决于陈述部分的动词形式。例如：
You haven't a car，have you?
You don't have any money with you，do you?
c．当have不表示“所有”含义而表示其他含义时，反意疑问句则必须用do的形式。例如：
We had a good time in the vacation，didn’t we?
You have to get up early tomorrow，don’t you?
6)当陈述部分带有never，nothing，nowhere，seldom，hardly，rarely，few，little等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。例如：
The summit meeting never took place，did it?
You can hardly believe what he said，can you?
当陈述部分的谓语动词是带有un-，in-，im-，dis- 等否定前缀的动词，则仍然把陈述部分看作肯定句，那么反意疑问部分用否定形式。例如：
He is impolite to the teacher，isn’t he?
He distrusted anybody around him，didn’t he?
8)当陈述部分带有情态动词used to时，反意疑问部分可以用used to形式，也可以用did形式。例如：
She used to live abroad，usedn’t she?
There used to be a news stand in the corner of the street，didn’t there?
当陈述部分带有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分需视must的含义而定。
a．当must表示“命令或强制”时，反意疑问部分用mustn't。例如：
You must do it by yourself，mustn’t you?
b．当must表示“一定”或“想必”等推测意义时，反意疑问部分不用mustn't，而要根据must后的动词形式而定。例如：
She must have been there for a long time，hasn’t she?
They must have stayed at home last night，didn’t they?
10)当陈述部分带有need时，反意疑问部分需视need的含义而定。如果need用作情态动词，则反意疑问部分用need形式；如果need用作实义动词，表示“需要”，则反意疑问部分用do形式。例如：
You needn't go there，need you?
She needs to go there，doesn’t she?
11)当陈述部分带有I'd better或I’d rather时，反意疑问部分用hadn't或wouldn't。例如 ：
You'd better finish the task before tomorrow，hadn’t you?
He’d rather stay with us，wouldn't he?
12)当陈述部分是祈使句时，反意疑问部分一般用will you，won't you，would you。例如：
Don't be too late，will you?
Close the door，won’t you?
12) 陈述部分是以Let’s开头的祈使句时，反意疑问部分用shall we；若是以Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分则用will you。例如：
Let’s have a party tonight，shall we?
Let us have a look at your pictures，will you?
注意, 如果祈使句是否定形式，那么反意疑问句只能用will you。例如：
Don't forget to bring your notebooks here tomorrow，will you?
