【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
8．I found a secluded area where no man or animal could be seen for miles around. A．cool
B．isolated C．quiet
D．noisy
[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 9．The archaeologist spent years studying and searching for remains of the Chinese civilization. A．one who studies the mind B．one who studies cultures C．one who studies the body D．one who studies animals
[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 10．CARDIFF, Wales (De, 15)—Poets, singers and musicians from across the globe gathered in Wales to celebrate the tradition of storytelling. “It came out of a group of people who wanted to reconnect with traditions, and as all the Welsh are storytellers, it was in good hands here.” Ambrose said. A．controlled by rich people B．grasped by good storytellers C．taken good care of D．protected by kind people [答案] C 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测
[解析] C 句意为：怀特夫人向学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的老地图。此题考察非谓语动词，题干中空格在名词maps后，空格后部分是对maps解释说明，因此此题考查非谓语动词作定语。非谓语动词作定语，首先判断动词与所修饰名词是主动还是被动关系，borrow和maps是被动关系，被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种： to be done, being done, done。to be done表示动作将要发生，being done表示动作正在发生，done表示动作已经完成，根据句意borrow的动作已经完成，因此选择C。 第23讲
│ 跟踪训练
6． —Mary stayed up and watched a Korea play on TV.
—Eleven o’clock is ________
for a girl of her age to stay up.
A．too late a hour
B．too late an hour
C．too a late hour
D．a too late hour
[解析] B 考查不定冠词用于句型“too…to…”中的位置，应为：too ＋ adj. ＋a/an＋单数名词。 第23讲
│ 跟踪训练
7．—The education system rather than the teachers ________
to answer for the overburden on the students.
—I agree. I hope the reform being carried out in our country at present will bring out the results ________.
A．are; desired
B．is; desired
C．are; desiring
D．is; desiring
[解析] B “主语＋rather than…”谓语动词要和rather than前面的主语一致，故用单数；此处用过去分词作定语，因为results和desire是被动关系。 第23讲
│ 跟踪训练
8．It is known ________
us all that Mr. Smith is known __________
his excellent leadership skills __________
a general manager.
A．to; for; as
B．by; as; for
C．for; to; for
D．to; as; for
[解析] A 考查介词。句意为：我们都知道，Mr. Smith作为一名总经理因其优秀的领导才能而出名。 第23讲
│ 跟踪训练
9．An unlocked door is an invitation
________
theft.
A．forC．at C．toD．with
[解析] C an invitation to sth.是……的诱因。 第23讲
│ 跟踪训练
10．The organization’s aim is to ________
people from all over
the country who are suffering from the disease.
A．link up
B．break up
C．gather up
D．pick up
[解析] A 考查动词短语。link up 连接，会合，联合；break up 打碎， 破碎， 分裂， 结束， 衰落， 分解， 变坏， 驱散；gather up 收集， 蜷缩， 概括； pick up 捡起， 获得， 收听，用车接。根据句意应选A。
第23讲
│ 跟踪训练
阅读写作(二十一) 阅读理解技法指导之词义猜测 阅读写作(二十一)[阅读理解技法指导之词义猜测]
阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 重视词义猜测 历年高考都把词义猜测作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题。词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断；既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。 一、词义猜测主要的设题方式有： 1．The underlined words “took off” in paragraph 2 mean “ ”． 2．What does the underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refer to? 3．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that . 4．Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph? 5．The underlined phrase “turn his back on” (paragraph 6) most probably means . 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 6．By saying “We need them yesterday” (paragraph 7)，Stover means that snakelike robots . 二、词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜词、语法猜词和常识猜词。 语境即上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其他词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇和短语并结合具体的语境来推测。命题者为了考查学生的这种猜词能力，常采用以下几种命题策略： 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略1：依据标点符号猜测词义 标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的解答方法。比如，破折号、冒号常常起解释说明的功能，引号和括号有时也起到相同的作用。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 例1 Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house—the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband. The underlined words “henpecked husband” in the last paragraph probably means a man who . A．likes hunting
B．is afraid of hens C．loves his wife
D．is afraid of his wife 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 【点睛】 D 破折号起进一步解释说明的作用。由句前信息 “他为逃避妻子的唠叨而逃到屋外”可知“他是一个怕老婆的人”，因此选择D项。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略2：依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义 运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有： but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/ rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/ on the other hand 等。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 例2 The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the passage? A．Messy and untidy. B．Rich and expensive. C．Comfortable and calming.
D．Foreign and unusual. 【点睛】 D 由but引导的前后句可知，exotic与quite normal(相当平常)在意义上是互为反义的，因此选择D项foreign and unusual(异乎寻常)。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略3：依据下定义，作解释猜测词义 在说明文、科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某一名词或概念是文章写作的又一特点。在写作方法上常采用先总后分(即先定义后解释)或先分后总(即先说明后结论)的方式。常用的定义信号词有：be defined as/be termed(被定义为)，be called(被称为)，mean/refer to/be(意指，是)。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 例3 [2011·安徽卷] (节选) George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book，Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice)： “We've become so accustomed to noise，there's almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet，you sound like an old man. But it's never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us，improves our health，and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.” 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 What does the phrase “to put a sock in it ”in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．To be quiet. B．To be colorful. C．To be full of love.
D．To be attentive to someone. 【点睛】 A 词义猜测题。本题是根据结构上的“总—分”关系猜测词义。文章首句先表明观点，然后进一步清楚地分述自己的观点——没有噪音，我们会专注生活中各种美好的声音。再结合上下文可以看出George Prochnik是反对噪音的，所以他应该是喜欢安静的，故答案选A。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略4：依据逻辑推理猜测词义 运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也是最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系、同位关系、对比关系，转折关系等。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 例4 [2011·四川卷] (节选) So what drives me to roll out of bed at 5：00 a．m.？What gives me the reason to just say no to ice cream? Commitment. A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety，increases self－confidence and energy，extends life and above all improves my body shape. What does the underlined word “commitment” in the last paragraph mean? A．Good health.
B．Firm belief.
C．A strong power.
D．A regular habit. 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 【点睛】 B 词义猜测题。本题是根据解说关系猜测词义。从文中“A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety，…above all improves my body shape.”可知，“减少焦虑、增强信心…改变体型”即不定式部分是修饰commitment的，结合文意可推断出commitment意为“坚强的信念”，故选择B项。本题容易受字面意思的影响而误选C项。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略5：依据替代词猜测词义 使用替代词 it, they, them, one(s), these, that 或 the other (two…)等指代上下文中词汇或句义是猜测词义的另一种形式。
阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略6：依据例证猜测词义 采用事实说理(即例证)以加强观点的说服力或使观点更加明朗清楚是文章写作的常用手法。借助例证获取更多信息，即可实现猜词的目的。常用的例证信号词有： like/for example/for instance/such as; include/consist of 等。 此外，运用语法和常识以达到猜词的目的也是词义猜测策略的另一种表现形式。英语构词法给英语语言创造了丰富的词汇源泉，因此掌握构词规律是达到猜词目的的有效捷径。这种猜词的策略主要表现在： 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 (1)依据词性变化猜测词义 英语语言的词性变化是非常活跃的，如名词动化、动词名化、形容词动化等，阅读时要充分抓住这一特点，从而准确地猜测词义。 (2)依据词义变化(词义引申)猜测词义 英语语言除了词性活跃的特点外，其词义的变化也是非常活跃的。同一个词在不同的语境中其词义也会发生相应的变化，即所谓的词义引申。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 (3)依据词的派生和合成猜测词义 派生法是英语构词法中最主要的构词方法，它由词根、前缀或后缀组成。如：前缀dis－， im－， ir－， un－可以构成反义词；后缀－less也以构成反义词。遇到合成词时在正确理解两词的基础上结合原文来把握两词之间的关系，从而准确地猜测词义。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 【活学活用】 1．The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution she was banished. A few members of the Senate opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever. A．killed by stoning
B．sent away C．imprisoned
D．punished by whipping
[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 2．The prisoner seemed to relax but actually he was thinking hard, while his hand moved so slowly that the movement was imperceptible. It was only when the keys accidentally fell from the table that the guard suddenly realized that the prisoner's hand had almost reached them. A．hardly noticeable B．heavy－handed C．not capable of fast or immediate action D．a matter of habit
[答案] A 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 3．Mrs. Morgan's son was intelligent and charming, but his continual extravagance made her wonder if she could continue to support him. Each month she was going deep into debt, attempting to pay for his expensive purchases. A．superior manner B．wastefulness or carelessness in spending money C．showing too great concern for current fashions D．insults to family or close friends
[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 4．Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl, while her sister was quite sedate. A．pretty
B．calm C．protective
D．Energetic
[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 5．I wanted to stay in New York, but my friend tried to dissuade me. A．deceive
B．frighten C．talk out of it
D．accompany
[答案] C 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 6．Albert's success after much effort and practice prove the value of persistence. A．time
B．competition C．perseverance
D．beginning again
[答案] C 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 7．He felt very lonely; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no one in the inhospitable city. A．unfriendly
B．uncomfortable C．unhealthy
D．enormous
[答案] A 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 6 annual adj.(happening or done once every year)每年的，年度的；一年一次的
n．年刊
(1) annualized adj.按年度计算的
annually adv.
一年一次地
(2) annual ring
年轮
annual expenditure
支出
annual output
年产量
annual report
年度报告
annual plant
一年生植物 第23讲
│ 单词点睛
【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 他正在猜测该工厂的年产量。
He is guessing the _____________ of the factory.
(2) 部长正在准备年度报告。
The minister is preparing the ____________ . 2．单项填空
—I played basketball for a whole morning yesterday and felt pretty good.
—You will be healthier if you exercise more
________
.
A．regularly
B．extremely
C．fluently
D．annually
[解析] A
第23讲
│ 单词点睛
annual output annual report 1 speed up 加速
(1) with
amazing/all/great speed
以惊人的速度
__
full/top/high/low speed
全/高/低速
__
a speed of...
以……的速度
(2) speed away/off
疾驰而去
(3) pick up/gather speed
逐渐加快速度 第23讲
│ 短语储存
短语储存 at at 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 他加快了发动机的速度。
He __________ the engine.
(2) 警车在全速行使。
The police car is running ___________ .
(3) 这辆车的速度是每小时75公里。
The car runs ___________ 75 kilometres per hour. 第23讲
│ 短语储存
speeded up at full speed at a speed of 2．单项填空
The Internet is widely used, which
________
the development of English.
A．speeds up B．takes over
C．gets across
D．turns to
[解析] A A项意为“加速”，B项意为“接管”，C项意为“理解”，D项意为“转向，求助于”。句意为：互联网的广泛应用，加速了英语的发展。 第23讲
│ 短语储存
2 fill in 填写(表格)；消磨(时间)
(1) fill... ____ ... 用……填充……
fill out
填写(表格等)
(2) be filled ____ 装满了
be full __ 充满了 第23讲
│ 短语储存
with with of 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 那不是什么事业。她只不过是结婚前消磨时间罢了。
That’s not a career. She’s just
____________ until she
gets married.
(2) 瓶子里装满了水。
The bottle ___________________ water. 第23讲
│ 短语储存
filling in time is full of/is filled with 2．单项填空
(1) You should help your son to
________
the form before
he hands it in.
A．fill with
B．fill in
C．full of
D．write down
[解析] B fill in the form 意为“填表”。 第23讲
│ 短语储存
(2) —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry.With so much work
________
my mind, I almost break down.
A．filled
B．filling
C．to fill
D．being filled
[解析] B work与fill为主动关系，故选B。
第23讲
│ 短语储存
3 decide on/upon
决定，选定
(1) decide to do sth. 决定做(某事)
(2) _____
a decision
作出决定 第23讲
│ 短语储存
make 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语完成句子
(1) 我们仍然在设法选定一个会场。
We’re still trying to _________ a venue.
(2) 我并不想催你做决定，只是我们剩下的时间已经不多了。
I don’t want to put pressure on you to _____________ ,
but we haven’t much time left. 第23讲
│ 短语储存
make a decision decide on 2．单项填空
