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【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)see sb. do sth. 看到某人做过某事 see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事 see sth. done看到某事被做 Sb. is seen to do sth. . 某人被看到做过某事 Sb. is seen doing sth. . 某人被看到正在做某事 (2)常用于“感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中的动词除了see外, 还有hear, watch, notice, feel, observe等。 【悟一悟➡参透误区】 感官动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时, 表示动作发生的全过程, 而用现在分词作宾语补足语时, 则表示某个动作正在进行。试比较:
*I saw him come in. Now he is sitting in his seat.
我看到他进来了。现在他正坐在他的座位上呢。 *I saw him coming in with a smile on his face.
我看到他正面带微笑地进来。 14. Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white
skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪的生物。 【填一填➡激活思维】仿写句子。 ①____________________a wounded peasant boy.
躺在地板上的是一个受伤的农家男孩。 ②_________________________Mr. Robert, headmaster of
our school.
站在校门口的是我们的校长罗伯特先生。 Lying on the floor was Standing at the school gate is 【记一记➡构建知识】 当主语是名词(短语)时, 为了强调句中的状语或表语, 为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密, 可将状语或表语置于句首, 句中主语和谓语完全倒装。 *On the ground lay an old woman.
地上躺着一位老太太。
*Gone are the days when we lived in small houses.
我们住在小房子里的日子一去不复返了。 *Present at the meeting are scientists from all over the world.
出席会议的是来自全世界的科学家。 【拓展延伸】 其他情况下的完全倒装 ①here, there, now, then, thus, in, up, away, out, ahead等表示地点、方位或时间等的副词置于句首时, 谓语动词常用come, go, lie, run等。
*Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了!
*There goes the bell. 铃响了。 *Down came the rain. 下雨了。 注意: 如果主语是人称代词, 则只把副词提前位于句首, 主语和谓语的位置不倒装。 *Here it comes. 它来了。 ②There be句型中, 用完全倒装。除be以外, live, happen, exist, lie, remain也都可以充当该结构的谓语。例如:
*There lies a river in front of our school.
我们学校前面有条河。 *There is something wrong with my bike.
我的自行车出毛病了。 15. The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on
two feet like a human being.
据说, 雪人是一种高大多毛, 像人类一样用两脚行走的动物。 【填一填➡激活思维】句型转换。 ①His father is said to be an engineer.
=__ __ ____ ____ his father is an engineer.
据说他的父亲是一位工程师。 ②It is said that they are looking into the case.
=They ___ ____ __ ___ looking into the case.
据说他们正在调查这一案子。 It is said that are said to be 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)“主语+be said to do” 意为“据说……”, 其中不定式有时态和语态的变化。该结构相当于“It is/was said that. . . ”。 (2)可以用于此结构的动词还有think, report, believe, suppose, expect, suggest, prove, find等。 *It is reported that 38 people died during the collision between two ships in Hong Kong.
=38 people are reported to have died during the collision between two ships in Hong Kong.
据报道, 香港两艘轮船相撞致使38人死亡。 【要点拾遗】 1. possibility
n. 可能性 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①There is __ _____ _________ __ rain tonight.
今晚很可能下雨。 ②We must accept ___ _________ ____ we might be wrong.
我们必须接受我们或许错了的可能性。 a good possibility of the possibility that 【记一记➡构建知识】 There is a good possibility of. . . 很可能…… There is no/a possibility+that
引导的同位语从句
(不)可能…… It is possible that. . . 可能…… *There is a strong possibility that they will win the next match.
很可能他们将会赢得下一场比赛。 *There is no possibility that he can finish the work on time.
他不可能准时完成工作。 2. dismiss
vt. 不予考虑; 解雇; 解散 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①She _________ ___ ____ of going to Shanghai.
她打消了去上海的念头。 ②If you are late again, you will ___ _____________.
如果你再迟到, 你将会被开除。 dismissed the idea be dismissed/fired 【记一记➡构建知识】 dismiss the idea
打消念头 dismiss the class/meeting 下课/散会 dismiss sb. from the job
开除某人 *The teacher dismissed the class on time.
老师准时下课。 *Their evidence was dismissed because it was considered to be worthless.
他们的证据因为被认为毫无价值而不予考虑。 3. dozen
n. (一)打; 十二个; 十来个 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①We need ____ __ ______ eggs for the cake.
我们需要6个鸡蛋来做蛋糕。 ②Yesterday she went to the supermarket and bought ____
______ eggs and ______ __ pencils.
昨天她去超市买了两打鸡蛋和许多铅笔。 half a dozen two dozen dozens of 【记一记➡构建知识】 three dozen eggs 三打鸡蛋 three dozen of these eggs
三打这种鸡蛋 dozens of chickens
许多小鸡 by the dozen 按打 【悟一悟➡参透误区】 (1)dozen表示确切数目时除能与a和基数词连用外, 还能与some, many, several等数目不是很具体的词连用。其中dozen不加s, 其后也不用of。 (2)如果dozen 后有these, those, them, us等词, 表示“……范围中的……”时, 中间加of连接。 【拓展延伸】 (1)by+the+表示时间、长度、重量等的可数名词时, 名词前要加定冠词the, 意为“按……计算, 按……买(卖)”。例如: by the pound/meter/dozen/day/hour。 (2)by + 表示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名词时, 名词前不加定冠词the, 意为“按……计算, 按……买(卖)”。例如: by time/weight/length/depth。 4. look into 调查; 向……里面看 【填一填➡激活思维】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 ①The local government has been looking into the cause of the accident and will give the public a satisfactory answer. (
) ②He looked into the room but found nobody in. (
) 调查 朝……里面看 【记一记➡构建知识】 look after
照料, 照顾, 关心 look for
寻找 look through 透过……看; 快速查看; 浏览 look back on/upon 回顾 look down on/upon
看不起, 轻视 look up to sb. 尊敬某人 look on. . . as. . . 把……看作…… look up抬头看; 查找 5. belong to 属于; 是……的成员 【填一填➡激活思维】句型转换。 ①This English dictionary is hers.
=This English dictionary _______ __ ___.
②She is a member of the school computer club.
=She _______ __ the school computer club.
belongs to her belongs to 【悟一悟➡参透误区】 belong to意为“属于”, 不用于进行时和被动语态。 *She belongs to the art club.
她是艺术俱乐部的成员。 *China is a country belonging to the third world.
中国属于第三世界国家。(现在分词作定语) 【猜一猜➡熟词生义】写出黑体部分的含义。 When you have finished, put it back where it belongs.
(
) 应在 6. When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens, Detective Sam Peterson, who has taken charge of the case, told journalists, ‘Sometimes people make up such amazing stories. . . ’ 当被问及贾斯廷被外星人绑架的可能性时, 负责调查此案的萨姆·彼得森侦探告诉记者: “人们有时候编造出这类奇异的故事……” 【填一填➡激活思维】仿写句子。 ①I won’t go to the party even if ____________.
即使被邀请, 我也不会去参加晚会。 ②_________________________, ice can be turned into water.
如果加热一段时间, 冰就会变成水。 ③______________________________, you can never be more
careful.
过马路时, 你越小心越好。 (I am) invited If (it is) heated for some time When (you are) crossing the street 【记一记➡构建知识】 当when, while, until, if, though, even if等引导时间、条件、让步状语从句时, 如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有动词be时, 可以省略主语及be, 而直接用“连词+分词等”的结构。 3. occur vi. 发生
【填一填➡激活思维】 ①When did the earthquake ____________?
地震是何时发生的?
②A good idea suddenly ________ __ him.
他突然想到一个好主意。 ③It didn’t _____ __ ___ __ ask for help.
她没有想到去求助。 occur/happen occurred to occur to her to 【记一记➡构建知识】 sth. occurs to sb.
某人突然想起/想到某事 It occurs to sb. to do sth.
某人突然想起做某事 It occurs to sb. +that
从句某人突然想起…… *(2024·广东高考)Were there no cleaners, an inevitable deterioration in environment would occur.
如果没有清洁工, 不可避免的环境恶化就会发生。 *Why didn’t it occur to you to phone the police?
你为什么没有想起打电话报警呢?
*It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble.
我怎么也没想到他会遇到麻烦。 【辨一辨➡明晰异同】happen/occur/take place (1)指“(偶然)发生”时, happen和occur可互换。但是, happen to sb. /sth. 常指不好的事情发生在某人/某物身上; occur to sb. 则指“某人想到(某个想法或主意)”; 而take place则不可与to连用。 (2)另外, happen to do sth. 意为“碰巧做某事”。 (3)take place常指必然会发生的事情或人为安排发生的事情。 *He happened to be watching TV when I entered the room.
当我进房间时, 他碰巧正在看电视。 *The examination took place on Friday.
考试是在周五举行的。 4. award
n. 奖, 奖品, 奖金
vt. 授予, 奖励 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①They have given _______ __ $ 1, 200 to each of the winners.
他们已经给每位获胜者颁发了1 200美元的奖金。 ②He ____ ________ the Nobel Prize ___ his contribution to
world peace.
他因对世界和平所做出的贡献而被授予诺贝尔奖。 awards of was awarded for 【记一记➡构建知识】 award sb. sth. /award sth. to sb.
授予/奖励/判给某人某物 be awarded. . . for. . .
因……而被授予…… *They decided to award the best film the first prize.
他们决定授予这部最佳影片一等奖。 *(2024·山东高考)He was awarded a medal for building the bridge.
他因为建了这座桥而被授予一枚奖章。 【辨一辨➡明晰异同】 award 指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出要求或条件的人进行的授奖行为, 更注重荣誉, 而不在乎奖品或奖金 reward 指对别人的工作、服务或帮忙的奖赏与报答, 可以是酬金, 也可以是物品 prize “奖金、奖品、战利品”, 指竞赛获奖, 竞争、抽奖或工作学习中的优胜者获得的奖励, 可以是钱, 也可以是物 5. reserve n. (动植物)保护区; 储备
vt. 预订; 保留; 储备 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①We accept your statement _______ _______.
我们毫无保留地接受你的意见。 ②I have ________ a room ___ you at the hotel.
我已在旅馆为你预订了一个房间。 ③Saturdays are busy, so it’s a good idea to _______ __ _____
in advance.
星期六很忙, 所以提前预订一张桌子是个不错的主意。 without reserve reserved for reserve a table 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)without reserve
毫无保留地 in reserve
备用 natural reserve
自然保护区 (2)reserve sth. for sb.
为某人保留某物 reserve a room/table/seat 预订房间/桌子/座位 reserve the right to do sth.
保留做某事的权利 *If you look at many online terms of service carefully, they reserve the right to change the terms at any time.
如果你仔细地看许多在线服务条款, 他们都保留在任何时间更改条款的权利。 6. strength
n. 力量, 力气 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①He hasn’t got _______ ________ __ lift the box.
他没有足够的力气搬起那个箱子。 ②He has been doing weight-training to _____ ___ ___ ________.
他一直在进行举重训练以增强体力。 enough strength to build up his strength 【记一记➡构建知识】 have the strength to do sth.
有做某事的力气/意志力 strengths and weaknesses
长处和弱点 *(2024·山东高考) One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.
一天, 他鼓足勇气, 决定参加一个求职面试。 【辨一辨➡明晰异同】 strength 常指人体或物体内在的力, 如力气、耐力、抵抗力 energy 人的精力, 自然界的能、能量、能源 force 常指促使物体运动的力, 也可指势力、武力、暴力、军队等 power 指力量、功能, 人或机器等事物潜在的或能发挥出来的力量、职权、权力或政权 *David devoted all his energy to his work. One night he came home very late from his office. He found there was a power failure that day. Unfortunately he couldn’t find his key anywhere. So he gathered all his strength to force the door open. The next day he had to pay to have his door repaired.
【猜一猜➡熟词生义】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 *(2024·浙江高考)He helped me identify my weaknesses and
my strengths. (
) 长处 7. convince
vt. 使确信, 使相信; 说服 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①How can I ________ you __ her honesty?
我怎么样才能使你相信她的诚实呢?
②We _________ Mary __ ___ there by train rather than by
plane.
我们说服了玛丽坐火车去那儿, 而不是坐飞机。 ③What she said _________ ___ ____ I was wrong.
她的话使我相信我错了。 convince of convinced to go convinced me that 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)convince sb. of sth.
使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth.
说服某人做某事 convince sb. that. . .
使某人相信…… (2)convinced
adj. 确信的, 感到信服的 be convinced that
相信…… convincing
adj. 令人信服的 *I am convinced that you’re right.
我相信你是对的。 *We haven’t found the convincing evidence.
我们还没有找到令人信服的证据。 【核心短语】 8. step up 加紧, 加强, 促进; 走近 【填一填➡激活思维】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 ①You should step up your search for the lost boy. (
) ②She stepped up to receive her prize. (
) 加紧, 加强 走上前 【记一记➡构建知识】 step aside 让开; 让位 step back 后退一步 step forward
走上前来, 往前一步 step by step 逐渐地, 一步步地 keep in step with与……保持一致 9. due to 由于; 因为(一般不置于句首) 【填一填➡激活思维】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 ①It was a mistake due to carelessness. ( ) ②Have they been paid the money (that is) due to them?
() ③Rent bill is due today. ( ) ④Their plane is due to arrive in 15 minutes. ( ) ⑤He is due to leave for America with his girlfriend tomorrow. ( ) 由于; 因为 应给的, 应支付的 到期的 预计的 约定的 【记一记➡构建知识】 be due to do sth.
