【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
第I卷
第一部分
阅读理解
（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A 难度：★★
Experts say heavy backpacks are a health risk for kids.
Like little turtles with limbs poking（伸出） out from their shells, kids shuffle（拖着脚而走）their way to school every day wearing giant backpacks. Even high school students have to bend forward to carry their heavy books to and from school with a lot of effort. It?s frustrating and looks a little silly, but is it dangerous?
Yes, say many experts. “Kids are saying ‘My back hurts, my neck and my shoulders hurt,’” says Dr. Karen Jacobs, a clinical professor at Boston University. “A heavy backpack can also contribute to headaches, slow development and other physical problems.”
Jacobs is also a spokesperson for the American Occupational Therapy Association, which sponsors a national school backpack awareness day on September 16. She says that too many textbooks, crowded schools and less locker space are making backpacks bigger. “Since at least 1998, we抳e noticed backpacks getting bigger and heavier, and not in proportion to y（与……成比例）the kids’ sizes,” Jacobs says.
A 2010 study from the University of California, San Diego, concluded, “backpack loads are responsible for a significant amount of back pain in children.” The same study says a full third of kids aged 11 to 14 report back pain. Other research from 2011 came to a similar conclusion.
Like the frame of a house, the spine（脊椎）is what keeps bodies strong and upright. Putting too much weight on this frame while a young body is still developing could change a child’s posture（姿势）, compress（压缩） the spine, and harm children’s growth, says Rob Danoff, a doctor with Philadelphia’s Aria Health System. “It also might contribute to back problems or injuries when the child’s older,” he says.
Experts warn students against wearing a heavy backpack, adding something can be done to solve the problem.
1. According to the passage, a heavy backpack can cause the following problems EXCEPT______.
A. back pain
B. headaches
C. bad memory
D. slow growth
2. Who does Jacobs indicate is mainly to blame for the bigger backpacks?
A. The school.
B. The bookshop owner.
C. The parent.
D. The backpack maker.
3. What is the author most likely to write about after the last paragraph?
A. Some solutions to the heavy backpack problem.
B. Some reasons for the heavy backpack problem.
C. Some advantages of e-backpacks.
D. Some dangers of heavy backpacks.
B 难度：★★★
In order to avoid traffic jams, Gabriel, a librarian, has come up with a unique way of commuting （上下班往返）to work. He got the idea when he was stuck on his motorcycle in the heavy traffic fifteen years ago, and he turned his eyes to the Anacostia River. That?s when it hit him.
The river doesn’t exactly flow right outside his home, so he has to first take a 15-minute bike ride to reach his boat at the Bladensburg Waterfront Park. He then rows about five miles downriver. In the last part of the journey, he gets off the boat and onto another bike before arriving at the Library of Congress in Washington. The entire trip takes him 90 minutes. He takes the metro （地铁）back home from work, and the next day, the routine is contrary — he takes the metro to work and rows back home.
His unique commute has plenty of perks — fresh air, exercise, and most importantly, the absence of other commuters. Years of rowing has made Gabriel extremely fit for his age. He definitely appreciates the quiet and the water and the sounds of the oars in the water.
Of course, his commute over water hasn抰 been entirely incident-free. He抯 gotten completely wet in unexpected showers, midway through the journey. The wind has changed direction without notice. His boat has flipped overe （翻转） on three different occasions, and he once ran into a concrete barrier on the Benning Road Bridge. And pollution in the river has presented its own set of challenges. There were times when he would spot something unpleasant, like a dead dog or turtle, which would ruin his entire day. But Gabriel said that efforts to clean up the Anacostia have made things better lately.
Although he looks the part of a librarian, he’s actually quite something else under his shirt. Fifteen years of rowing has given Gabriel enough time to become an expert on the local wildlife. Sadly, Gabriel won’t be continuing his commute much longer — he will retire from his job at the end of this month. But he has no plans to stop rowing.
4. What hit Gabriel when he was stuck in the traffic jam?
A. He could avoid the traffic jam by rowing a boat.
B. He should not ride his motorcycle to any place.
C. People should make full use of the river.
D. The quality of the river water should be improved.
5. How often does Gabriel row to work according to the passage?
A. Once a day.
B. Twice a day.
C. Every other day.
D. Every three days.
6. The underlined word “perks” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “____.”
A. opportunities
B. benefits
C. troubles
D. values
7. It is implied in the passage that ____.
A. Gabriel will stop rowing after he retires
B. Gabriel rows in order to protect the environment
C. Gabriel will devote his efforts to cleaning up the river after retirement
D. Gabriel’s unique way makes him different from other librarians
C 难度：★★★★
Whether or not you’re a guitarist, you’ve probably at least once found yourself wondering why a musician would play an old guitar that’s falling apart when they could easily afford 100 new ones. Aside from aesthetics (审美学) and familiarity—every guitar is different, and players grow attached to them as if they are family members—there’s another reason: instruments sound better as the wood they’re made from ages.
What happens when wood ages? All wood gradually loses hemicellulose (半纤维素) over a long period of time. As this happens, the wood loses some weight, but remains just as firm, allowing it to continue to support the weight of strings. With less mass to have to vibrate (振动), the guitar’s wood vibrates more freely, making the instrument louder. Similarly, lignin (木质素) decreases as wood is exposed to sunlight. Most notably, this results in usually white wood taking on a yellow or orange color that tends to be considered more aesthetically pleasing. Of course, a decrease in lignin means a change in the wood’s physical structure as well, meaning that it improves the sound effects of aging.
Guitar manufacturers have long been selling guitars with aging toners to make their instruments look like they’ve seen more years than they really have, and these only affect a guitar’s aesthetics. More recently, however, manufacturers have begun to treat wood with a process called baking. Wood used in guitar building is usually dried to a moisture (水分) level of about 6-10%. Usually, that is all that’s done, but some wood is subsequently “cooked” at even higher temperatures in an oxygen-controlled environment until the wood’s moisture level reaches zero percent.
All of this makes for a lighter and harder piece of wood, with a bit of a darkened, yellow color. Whether accomplished naturally or by human beings, the aging of wood affects the sound of an instrument, and most musicians hear it as a good effect. Just don?t expect your guitar to improve with age.
8. The reasons why guitarists prefer their old guitars could be the following EXCEPT ____.
A. they have deep feelings for the old guitars used for years
B. they think old things look cool or even more beautiful
C. the sound of old guitars is more pleasant to listen to
D. it is expensive to buy a new guitar of good quality
9. We can learn from the passage that ____.
A. the older a guitar is, the more money it will cost
B. the physical structure of wood can hardly be changed
C. the color of wood will become lighter when wood ages
D. the reduction in lignin contributes to the sound effect of old guitars
10. What’s the main idea of Para.3?
A. Old guitars are more popular among guitarists.
B. Guitars can become old artificially as well.
C. Guitar manufacturers try improving guitars.
D. Wood used in guitars should be baked to make guitars better.
11. What’s the author’s attitude toward our guitars’ improvement with age?
A. Pessimistic.
B. Expectant.
C. Unclear.
D. Optimistic.
D 难度：★★★
Beijing schoolgirl, Angelina, aged 11, speaks perfect English and Chinese. She plays football and spends her summers at camps in America. Angelina’s parents chose an all-private education over the Chinese state education system because they were worried about “the pressure-cooker effect.” They think studying in public schools is too stressful.
This family is one of the many rich Chinese families giving up traditional Chinese education. There is a widening difference between the new middle class’ expectations of a good education and what their child can learn in Chinese public schools. An increasing number of parents want more from their children’s school. They believe an alternative, more Western approach will help their kids develop their creativity. And they’re willing to pay.
Private schools are booming: A wide variety of classroom choices are available for parents, from private classes once a week to full-time boarding-school education. Many schools offer after-school activities and tutoring in English, art or music. The percentage of private schools in China has risen to 10% from 3% less than a decade ago.
Every year, more than nine million students in China take the same high-school exam that will determine which university they can attend and finally their job and future social status. Cultivation starts when children are at a very young age, with many parents trying their best to enroll their children at the best kindergartens. This in turn leads to access to the better elementary and middle schools and then to one of the top-performing high schools, which are allocated (分配) the best teachers and resources.
“The education system today ignores personality development, values, and social responsibilities. This is the cause of great problems for our country,” said Yang Dongping, an education expert at the Beijing Institute of Technology. “It’s very difficult to move conceptions from an exam-orientated education to one where personality is also accounted for,” Yang said.
12. What makes Angelina’s parents send their daughter to a private school?
A. Their comfortable circumstances.
B. Strict school rules of public schools.
C. Great learning stress in public schools.
D. Public schools’ poor learning environments.
13. In many parents’ eyes, in China ____.
A. no public schools offer courses that develop creativity
B. improving children’s abilities is the most important
C. students lack real experience they can use later in life
D. what the public school can offer is not enough
14. We can learn from the passage that ____.
A. the private education market in China has great promise
B. the government knows what is missing for children
C. the choices for private schools in China are very limited
D. few Chinese families can afford to send children to private schools
15. What can we know from Para. 4?
A. China’s education resources are very limited.
B. All people’s futures are decided by the high-school exam.
C. Children’s pressure starts from the primary school.
D. Parents don’t want their children to lose on the starting line.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Think like this when you feel stressed
1. It’s a sweet opportunity. If you look on pressure as threatening, you are sure to be negatively impacted by its occurrence. But people who do their best in a pressure moment are different.
16
They will cherish (珍惜) the pressure moment and approach it with confidence and enthusiasm.
2. I’ll get another chance. Under pressure, we often lose hope. We tend to distort (扭曲) the reality of the situation. One of the most common is the 揅hance of a lifetime,?in which we tell ourselves 揑 will never get an opportunity like this again, so I cah in’t miss it.”
17
3. I’ll do my best. This is what people who do their best under pressure tell themselves when they are going into a pressure moment. Focusing on doing your best quickly decreases pressure in the moment.
18
Focusing on doing your best keeps you in the moment and guides your behavior towards success.
4.
19
People who perform their best in pressure will reduce the significance of the upcoming pressure moment. So they feel less stressed. Whether it’s a sales call or an interview for their dream jobs, they are like winning athletes who, when asked how they prepare for the pressure of the big game, respond, “It’s just another game.”
5. I can control how I respond. People who do their best in a pressure moment focus on what they can control and thus reduce anxiety. Because it prevents them from wasting valuable energy worrying over things they can’t influence and promotes confidence at the same time. If you have an upcoming interview, don’t worry about the other applicants. You can’t control them.
20
A. It’s no big deal.
B. They look on it as a great chance.
C. Instead, take care of your own business.
D. It stops you paying attention to anxiety arousing thoughts.
E. Practice how you will handle an unexpected problem.
F. Remembering past successes increases your confidence.
G. In fact, we have many chances to succeed in our lifetime.
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
For most people, graduation day is an exciting day.
21
, my graduation day was not.
In my
22
year, the economy turned from bad to worse. We graduates had degrees, but very
23
future. I sent numerous job applications, but hardly received
24
. What’s worse, the deadline for beginning
25
my student loans （贷款） was becoming ever closer.
I had to
26
sending applications, then waiting
27
. Days felt like weeks, weeks like
28
. And the most
29
part was that no matter how much I tried, I just couldn’t seem to make any
30
. I became more and more desperate.
So what did I do to maintain my sanity（理智）? I
31
. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little brighter. Something about writing gave me
32
.
If you want something badly enough, sometimes a little expectation is all you need. I channeled （贯注）my frustration into a children’s book. Beyond the River was the story of an unlikely hero featuring a little fish who simply
