【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
一、整体把握
（一）理清句际间意义的关系
文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，从逻辑意义上来看，语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉，理清句际间的关系，进而理解语段或全文的内容。下面来看两套真题：
2024年北京卷，
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.
71
Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.
72
As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.
73
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.
74
To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
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For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【解析】
2024年全国2卷，
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs.
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, buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit.
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. As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.
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, it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.
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. After two weeks, start timing yourself.
40
. Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
After six days
For a good marathon runner
Before you begin your training
With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time
【解析】
36. C 考查对上下文的理解。上文提到跑马拉松，下文说买双合脚的鞋子。这里应该是Before
you begin your training训练前的准备工作。故选C。
37. E考查对上下文的理解。上文提到：穿着鞋走走路以确保合适，下文提到跑。这里应该说If they still feel good, you can begin running in them如果穿着感觉很好，就可以跑了。选E。
38. A考查上下文的理解。上文提到练习的第一周怎么做，下文提到第二周，这里应该是After six days，练习一周后稍做休息，一周是6天，故选A。
39. D考查对上下文的理解。这里在讨论逐渐加长跑步的距离，每天增加一定的距离才合理，故选D With each day, increase the distance by a half mile。
40. G考查对上下文的理解。最后是提速。在规定的距离内如何训练自己跑得快。这样才能参加比赛。故选G Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time。
如上面2024年高考英语北京卷七选五真题中，第一段的第一句“Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.”与下面几句是递进关系，后面的句子对前面的句子作解释、引申、例证，使意思更加明了、具体。后三句之间是平列关系，平列关系指句与句之间处于平等并列地位，互不相属，而只是组合在一起共同说明一个问题。平列关系组合的语段，在次序上并不固定，如果局部改变句子的相互位置并不改变整个语段的意思。
第一段相对于后面的段落是总分结构，第二段的第一句与第二句是层递关系，层递关系是一种固定的顺序关系，但又不同与顺序关系，顺序关系指构成语段的各句子只能按事物发展的过程由先而后地顺序排列，不可随意改变次序，通常在记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中用得普遍，而层递关系组合的语段是按语意的轻重、认识的深浅作由轻到重、由浅入深的排列。第三句与第四句是解释关系，第一、二句组合为一个语段，第三、四句组合为另外一个语段，语段与语段之间是总分关系，总分关系是指前面的句子陈述两个过两个以上的对象，后面的句子紧接着分别对它们加以说明。用这种方式组合的语段能够前呼后应，彼此配合，使语脉清楚，条分缕析，如“So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? ”一句与前面句子前呼后应，彼此配合，为下面第73小题选“It depends on your character”埋伏了一笔，逻辑性很强。
第三段的第一句与下面几句是解释关系，而后列举的方法是平列关系。
第五段的两话句是转折关系，转折关系指句与句之间存在意义的转折，通常表达对比或对照的意思。
最后一段是对前面段落内容的总结，使得整篇文章条理有序，层次和结构分明。
（二）找出句子之间的连接性的词语
文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是
承接关系（如so, no matter, as, thus等）
平列关系（如first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude等）。
转折关系（如however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise等）。比如选项71，与前句构成了转折关系，故应选F项答案。
层递关系（如also, as a result, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also等）。如73 选项，与前句组合为层递关系，故应选A项。
解释关系，如75选项应选G选项，是对上面作者所讲内容的解释说明，故应选G项。下面再看2024年辽宁卷，
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:
·
Schedule yearly exams.
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Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.
· Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.
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Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.
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Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.
·
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As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
·
Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.
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Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.
A. Eat your greens.
B. Eye care should begin early in life.
C. They can properly protect your eyes.
D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.
E. Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight.
F. Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear.
G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.
【解析】
3. 考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据上文的句子：Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.三分之二的美国人每天花7个小时使用电脑和其他数字产品，可知：这个频繁的视力活动会增加眼睛疲劳的危险，所以答案是G。
4. 考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据下文的句子：As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day.作为健康饮食，每天要多吃蔬菜和水果，可知：多吃绿色的食品，所以答案是A。
5. 考查句意理解和上下文串联。根据上文的句子：While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.有人听从佩戴隐形眼镜的医学建议，而有人忽视了这些规定让他们的视力有危险，可知：佩戴眼镜要听从医生的建议，所以答案是F。
对一个语段或语篇的分析，可以按以下步骤进行：
（1）通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。如上面真题，首句“Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life.”，从本句可知看出，该短文是讲述和视力保护有关的话题；首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。上面真题的每个段落中首句都是讲述保护视力的具体建议。可是如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否可能为“结尾总结”式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意，首段与末段的提示作用。
（2）详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。如文章第三小段，Give your eyes a break.就能看出，是保护眼睛，再如，第四段首句话Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜).也是跟保护视力有关的，故可以很快弄明白文章的大体走向，心里就有底了。
（3）定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。例如，第一小题根据下文提示：Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.医生建议父母到6到12个月大的孩子去医院做视力检查，可知：保护视力应该很早就开始，等于基本锁定了选项。另外，将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境，能否承接前后的写作线索，使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺也是个很好的方法。
一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。
（4）通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
要特别注意，除非有充分的理由否定向前的选择，否则不要仓促更改。只要前两步投入了精力，动了脑筋，第一印象往往可信度很高。
（5）确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
二、解题技巧
我们可以根据例题，来分析和总结一下七选五题型的解题技巧：
2024年四川卷，
A: I need to lose some weight. My clothes don’t fit anymore. __51___
B: Well, instead of watching TV all day, you could do more exercise.
A:_______52________
B: Like cycling, or you could work out at the gym.
A: I don’t have time. ____53____
B: OK, then you could change your diet. _____54____
A: You mean no more hamburgers! Oh no!
B: OK.___55____
A. Like what?
B. I’m too busy.
C. What should I do?
D. Some more hamburgers?
E. Buy some larger clothes then.
F. That’s a good idea. Thanks a lot.
G.. Eat something healthier, like fruit.
【解析】
51.C考查对下文的概括能力。根据下文的you could do more exercise可知，上文是询问该怎么做，故选择C。
