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Unit 12 Culture Shock
[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]
1.owe vt. 欠(情、债等)
2.absorb vt.
理解；掌握；吸收
3.exchange vt.
兑换，交换
4.manners n.
礼貌
5.request n.
请求
6.attach vt.
喜欢，依恋；系，固定
7.unfair adj.
不公平的
8.whisper vi.
低语，耳语
9.bear vt.
携带；容忍
10.familiar adj.熟悉的，常见的 →familiarly adv.熟悉地，常见地
11.addition n．相加；增加物→additional adj.补充的，额外的，附加的
12.apology n．道歉，认错→apologize v．道歉，谢罪
13.expectation n．期待的事物；预期→expect vt.期待，预料；指望→expected adj.预期的，预料的
14.majority n．大半，大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修
15.reasonable adj.合理的，正当的→reason n．理由v.推论；劝说；理解→reasonably adv.合理地；相当地
16.movement n．动作；活动→move v．移动；感动→movable adj.可移动的→moving adj.令人感动的→moved adj.感动的
17.curiously adv.好奇地；奇怪地→curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n．好奇心
18.informal adj.非正式的→formal adj.正式的
19.arrival n．到达，抵达→arrive vi.到达
20.cautious adj.小心翼翼的，谨慎的→caution n．小心，谨慎
21.injure vt.伤害→injury n．伤害，损害→injured adj.受伤的
22.educator n．教育者→education n．教育→educated adj.有教养的→educate vt.教育
23.belong vi.属于；适应→belongings n．所有物；财产 用所给词的适当形式填空1.A gentleman with good manners (manner) will be respected by others.
2.Her husband is cautious (caution), never making a swift decision about anything.
3.It's reported that the government will provide an additional (addition) ￡25 million to expand the service.
4.She packed her few belongings (belong) and left.
5.Many people are not familiar (familiarly) with the taxation laws. Nor am I．
6.If I have made any mistakes, I'm ready to apologize (apology)．
7.Since her arrival (arrive) at the company, she has reorganized several departments.
8.The boy is curiously watching what the old man is doing in the garden. He is always curious about the world outside and shows great curiosity about what is going on in nature.(curious)
9.The couple moved into the movable house and they felt much moved to see the moving movie after moving into the new house.(movement)
10.Three people were killed and five were injured in the crash.The doctor said two of the injured had serious injuries.(injure)
11.He was educated at a public university.The educators there taught so well that he received a good education.(educator)
12.The dog wagged (摇) its tail in expectation of a bone but was expected to go out.(expectation)
13.Her advice sounds reasonable (reason) and we should take it into consideration.
14.The party will be informal (formal), so you needn't dress up. 1.单复数同形名词知多少
①manners 礼貌
②means
方法
③news
资讯
④series
丛书
⑤Swiss
瑞士人
⑥deer
鹿
⑦beer
啤酒
⑧spacecraft
航天飞机
2.识记ity结尾名词
①majority 大多数
②minority
少数
③quantity
数量
④quality
质量
⑤ability
能力
⑥curiosity
好奇心
⑦stupidity
愚蠢
⑧prosperity
繁荣
3.“伤害”动词小聚
①injure
伤害
②wound
伤害
③hurt
伤害
④damage
损害
⑤harm
伤害
4.盘点in前缀单词
①inability n． 无能；无力
②incomplete adj.
不完整的
③inconvenience n.
不便；麻烦
④incredible adj.
难以置信的
⑤independent adj.
独立的
⑥informal adj.
非正式的
5.“说”之种种
insist
坚持说
joke
开玩笑地说
add
继续说
complain
抱怨说
go on
接着说
warn
警告说
come on
说吧
whisper
低声说
[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]
1.get_used_to 习惯于
2.give_..._a_lift
给……搭车，搭便车
3.see_...off
给(某人)送行
4.belong_to
属于
5.insist_on
坚持，坚决要求
6.stare_at
盯着看；凝视
7.be_attached_to
附属于
8.sound_like
听起来像
9.in_poor_condition
状况不好
10.be_sensitive_to
对……敏感
11.at_least
至少
12.contrary_to_
与……相反
13.put/bring_an_end_to
结束
14.loads_of
许多，大量 选用左栏短语填空1.I found the job tiring at first but I soon got_used_to it.
2.Contrary_to most managers' opinion, the young manager voiced his unique view.
3.The young man insisted_on being sent to where he was most needed.
4.You sounded_like your father when you said that.
5.They stared_at the strange sight in silent wonder.
6.I've got loads_of friends who're unemployed.
7.I've known her at_least as long as you have. 1.无被动语态短语大全
①date from 追溯到
belong to
属于
suffer from
遭受
come true
变成现实
take place
发生
break out
爆发
2.聚焦“看”相关短语
look around
环顾；四下察看
look down
俯视；向下看
look up
仰望；抬头往上看
glare at
怒视
stare at
盯着看；凝视
glance at
浏览；粗略地看
[背原句] [记句式] [会仿用]
1.Decide where to go on holiday with a friend.
定好和朋友到哪儿去度假。 “特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构。 曾有一段时间，我不知道如何与同学相处。There was a time when I didn't know how_to_get_along/on_with my classmates.
2.When I first arrived in San Francisco, I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.
刚到旧金山的时候，有段时间我感到很难理解某些美国人的处事方式。 have a difficult time (in) doing sth.“有一段较为困难的时光”。 在你休息后，你回到工作状态会感到困难吗？After you take a break, do you have_a_difficult_time_going back to work？
3.I had a similar experience the last time I visited China.
上次我到中国参观时也有同样的经历。 the last time“上次……的时候”，用作连词引导时间状语从句。 上次我游黄山时被它的美景迷住了。I was attracted by the beautiful scenery of Mount Huang the_last_time_I_visited_it.
1．owe vt.欠(情、债等)；归功于
[教材原句] I certainly owe you an apology for not writing more often.
没有多给你写信我真的非常抱歉。
owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物
owe ... to ...
把……归功于；归因于
owing to
因为；由于
owe it to sb. that ...
多亏了某人
①He owes his good health to plenty of exercise and a regular life.
他把自己身体健康归功于充分锻炼和有规律的生活。
②He owes_it_to his doctor's care that he is quite well again.
他恢复得很好，他把这归功于医生的照顾。
③Owing_to_the_bad_weather,_the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。
2．absorb vt.吸收；理解；使专心；使全神贯注；掌握
[教材原句] I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me — I think I'm still experiencing culture shock.
我一直忙于学习，尽力了解身边的新事物——我觉得自己一直在经历文化冲击。
(1)absorb sb.'s attention to (doing) sth.
吸引某人对(做)某事的注意力
absorb ...into ...
把……吸收到/并入……
(2)be absorbed by/into sth./sb.
被……吞并；为……所吸收
be absorbed in (doing) sth.
全神贯注于/热衷于……；一心从
事……
①Absorbed (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.(2024·天津高考单选)
专心于画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
②Alcohol may take a few minutes to_be_absorbed_into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.
几分钟的时间酒精就会被吸收到血流中开始对大脑起作用。
[联想发散] 除be absorbed in之外，“be＋过去分词＋in”组成的短语还有：
①be occupied in忙于……
②be involved in
专注于……
③be lost in
陷入……
④be buried in
埋头于……
3．exchange vt.兑换，交换n.兑换，交换
[教材原句] Talking of money — it's really easy to exchange traveller's cheques at banks or hotels so I advise you to get some of those before you come.
谈到钱，在银行或饭店兑换旅行支票非常容易，所以我建议你来之前准备一些支票。
(1)exchange sth.for sth.以某物交换某物
exchange sth.with sb.
与某人交换某物
(2)make an exchange
交换
in exchange for sth.
交换某物
①It's believed that God offers to exchange what he has for what we have.
人们认为，上帝会以它拥有的东西交换我们拥有的东西。
②I've offered to paint the kitchen in_exchange_for a week's holiday.
我主动提出粉刷厨房作为一周假期的交换。
③We students should often exchange ideas with our parents, who are rich in experience, and above all, love us most in the world.(2024·重庆高考写作)
我们学生应该经常和父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，而且最重要的是，在这个世界上他们是最爱我们的人。
4．majority n．大半，大多数
[教材原句] But even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them are really friendly and I've made some good friends.
虽然有些英国人十分古怪，但是大多数人都很友好，我已经结交了一些好朋友。
(1)a/the majority of……的大多数
in a/the majority
占大多数
by/with a majority of
以多数票……
(2)minority n.
少数
in the minority
占少数
The white are in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in the minority.
在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人反而占少数。
The majority are/is (be) in favour of banning smoking in public.
大多数人支持禁止在公共场合吸烟。
The majority of the damage is (be) easy to repair.
大部分损失容易补救。
An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are (be) against it.
好像是不可能达成协议了，因为大多数委员们反对。
[名师指津] (1)“a/the majority of＋名词”作主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。(2)the majority作主语时，谓语动词既可以用复数，也可以用单数。
5. request n．&vt.请求，要求
[高考佳句] We most prefer to say yes to the requests of someone we know and like.(2024·浙江高考单选)
我们大都更愿意答应我们所了解和喜欢人的请求。
(1)make a request for ...请求，要求……
at sb.'s request＝at the request of sb.
应某人的要求
(2)request sb.(not) to do sth.
请求某人(不)做某事
request sth.from/of sb.
向某人请求某物
request (that) ...
请求……
It is/was requested that ...
据要求……
①The performance was repeated at_the_request_of the audience.
应观众要求表演又重复了一次。
②They request that
all the cleaning work (should)_be_finished (finish) this morning.
他们要求所有的清洁工作要在今天上午完成。
③Visitors are requested not to_touch (touch) the exhibits when they watch them.
参观者在观看展品时被禁止触摸它们。
[名师指津] 在与request相关的名词性从句或“It is/was requested that ...”句型中，从句谓语动词用“should＋do”表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。
6．familiar adj.熟悉的，常见的
[教材原句] Jin Li found the American way of life familiar soon after her arrival in the USA.
金丽到达美国后不久，她就发现美国人的生活方式对她来说很熟悉。(1)sb.be familiar with sth. 某人对某物很熟悉
sth.be familiar to sb.＝sth.be known to sb.
某物为某人所熟悉
(2)be similar to
与……相似
