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专题九 特殊句式与主谓一致
考点1 强调句
1．Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.(2024·重庆，9)
A．while
B．though
C．that
D．after
2．It was when we were returning home ________I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(2024·湖南，21)
A．which
B．that
C．where
D．how
3．Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr.Smith got angry？(2024·四川，3)
A．why
B．who
C．where
D．that
4．It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.(2024·江西，35)
A．that
B．as
C．which
D．when
5．It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.(2024·重庆，32)
A．when
B．that
C．after
D．since
考点归纳
强调句型中的6个考查重点：
1．强调句型的疑问句
在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”改为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他成分？”结构。
Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?
是不是她考试不及格使她的父母不高兴？
When was it that she changed her mind?
她什么时候改变主意的？
2．在对not...until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：It is/was not until...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.＝It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下她的深色眼镜我才意识到她是个著名影星。
3．如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.
他问我是谁错拿了他的伞。
4．强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。
在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构。
It was here that he fell of his bicycle.
这里正是他从自行车上摔下来的地方。
5．强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。
当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”原句仍然完整。而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句则不完整。
It was at 14：28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)
是在14点28分严重的地震爆发了。
It was 14：28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(时间状语从句)
当严重的地震爆发时是14点28分。
6．强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。
在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。
It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter，isn’t it?
是Mary而不是你想问我那件事，是吗？
考点2 倒装句
1．Only when Lily walked into the office ________ that she had left the contract at home.(2024·天津，3)
A．she realized
B．has she realized
C．she has realized
D．did she realize
2．________ no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(2024·福建，32)
A．Were there
B．Had there been
C．If there are
D．If there have been
3．Not until he went through real hardship ________ the love we have for our families is important.(2024·福建，34)
A．had he realized
B．did he realize
C．he realized
D．he had realized
4．Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and ________.(2011·大纲全国Ⅱ，13)
A．neither won’t Tom
B．Tom won’t either
C．Tom will too
D．so will Tom
5．So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape.(2009·山东，27)
A．did the attack
B．the attack did
C．was the attack
D．the attack was
考点归纳
部分倒装结构的6个高考热点：
1．否定词位于句首的倒装。
Never have I seen such a good performance.
我从来都没见过这么好的表演。
Not only was Einstein a worldfamous scientist，but he also was a fairly good violinist.
爱因斯坦不仅是世界闻名的科学家，而且还是一个相当不错的小提琴家。
2．“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装。
“only＋状语”置于句首时句子要用部分倒装。(强调主语、宾语，句子不倒装)
Only then did I know the truth.
直到那时我才知道真相。
Only in this way can you work out this question.
只有用这种方法你才能解决这个问题。
Only after his mother came back was he able to go to school.
只有他母亲回来后，他才能够去上学。
3．so，such，neither，nor引导的倒装。
She enjoys teaching English.So does my sister.
她喜欢教英语。我姐姐也喜欢。
Such are the fortunes of war.这些就是战争的局势。
I don’t know where he lives，and neither does she.
我不知道他住哪儿，她也不知道。
4．as，though引导让步状语从句时的倒装。
Young as he is，he works well.
尽管很年轻，但他干得很好。
Child as he is，he can solve the problem.
尽管还是个孩子，可是他能解决这个问题。
5．So/Such...that 句型中的so/such位于句首，so/such后的句子倒装。
So frightened was she that she did not dare to move an inch.
她如此害怕，以至于一寸也不敢动。
Such an interesting story is this that I decide to buy it.(that引导结果状语从句，不作成分)
＝Such an interesting story is this as I decide to buy.(as引导定语从句，且作buy的宾语)
这是如此好的小说以至于我决定买下来。
6．were，had，should等词开头的虚拟条件句。
If you had asked me，I would have told you everything.
＝Had you asked me，I would have told you everything.
假如你问过我，我就会把一切都告诉你了。
考点3 祈使句
1．Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.(2024·湖南，31)
A．to keep
B．to have kept
C．keep
D．have kept
2．________ me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result.(2024·大纲全国，33)
A．Calling
B．Call
C．To call
D．Having called
考点归纳
1．祈使句的否定式在动词前加don’t。祈使句带主语时，其否定式把don’t放在主语前。
Don’t you speak so loud.
你不要那么大声说话。
2．注意句型：祈使句＋and/or＋一般将来时的陈述句。
Close the door of fear behind you，and you will see the door of faith open before you.(2024·湖南，25)
关闭你身后的恐惧之门，你就会看到信念之门在你的面前打开。
3．上面句型中的祈使句也可用名词短语的形式。
One more step and you’ll succeed.
再走一步，你就会成功。
考点4 主谓一致和反意疑问句
1．It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years to achieve.(2024·湖南，27)
A．is；takes
B．are；takes
C．are；take
D．is；take
2．The famous musician，as well as his students，________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2024 Taipei Flower Expo.(2024·福建，23)
A．were invited
B．was invited
C．have been invited
D．has been invited
3．Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ________ evening dress.(2010·大纲全国Ⅱ，9)
A．wear
B．wears
C．has worn
D．have worn
4．—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，________ you？(2024·重庆，10)
A．mustn’t
B．haven’t
C．didn’t
D．hadn’t
5．There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，________？(2024·江苏，25)
A．is there
B．isn’t there
C．is he
D．isn’t he
考点归纳
1．常考的主谓一致的两种情况：
(1)主语后面有as well as，with，along with，together with，including，but，except，in addition to，rather than，like，instead of，plus，as much as，more than等连词或介词连接的词语时，谓语动词的单复数与前面主语的单复数相一致。
Generally，students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others is essential to their development.(2024·江苏，21)
一般来说，别人对其期望值高的学生，他们的内在动机对他们自身的发展是至关重要的。
The father，rather than the brothers，is responsible for the loss.
损失的责任应由父亲而不是兄弟们来承担。
(2)“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，后跟定语从句，如果one前有the，the very，the only等词限制修饰时，先行词为one；否则，先行词为后面的复数名词。
Mr.Herpin is one of the foreign experts who are working in China.
赫宾先生是在中国工作的外国专家之一。
Mr.Smith is the only one of those foreigners who is working in China.
史密斯先生是这些外国人之中唯一一位在中国工作的人。
2．常考的反意疑问句的三种情况：
(1)若陈述部分是并列句，则疑问部分要与邻近的分句取得一致。
John isn’t a diligent student，for it is the third time he has been late，isn’t it?
约翰不是一个勤奋的学生，因为这是他第三次迟到了，对吗？
(2)若陈述部分是复合句，则附加疑问部分与主句取得一致，但若主句部分是I think/believe/suppose/guess that...或I’m sure that...时，往往与从句取得一致。
Your suggestion is that we should hold a meeting tonight，isn’t it?
你的建议是我们今天晚上开会，对吗？
I don’t believe she knows it，does she?
我认为她是不知道这件事的，对吗？
(3)It be...that...分裂句也是一种复合结构，含有这种结构的复合句，其附加疑问句通常对应that从句之前强调部分的主谓结构。
It’s the first time that she has been to the United States，isn’t it?
这是她第一次去美国，对吗？
考点5 省略
1．If ________ for the job, you’ll be informed soon.(2024·北京，31)
A．to accept
B．accept
C．accepting
D．accepted
2．The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，________，reaching 30℃ in summer.(2024·福建，28)
A．if not
B．if ever
C．if any
D．if so
3．The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police________.(2024·新课标全国Ⅰ，28)
A．not to do
B．not to
C．not do
D．do not
考点归纳
1．状语从句中的省略
由when，while，if，as if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语为be，而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省略；如果从句的主语为it时，谓语为be，也可省略从句中的it和be。
When (I am) in trouble，I always turn to my classmates for help.遇到麻烦时，我总是找同学帮忙。
If (it is) possible，this machine can be fixed at once.
可能的话，这台机器会立即修好。
2．不定式的省略
单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，则要保留be，have，have been。
I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to.
我请他去看电影，但是他不想去。
—Are you a sailor?
—No.But I used to be.
——你是海员吗？
——不是，但我曾经是。
3．常考的几个省略形式
if ever，if any，if not better/worse/taller...than等。
4．并列句中的省略
并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。
He is going to Hong Kong，but his brother (is going) to America.
他要去香港，但是他的弟弟要去美国。
My room is on the third floor and his，on the fifth.
我的房间在三楼，他的在五楼。
解题方法
方法1 还原法
一般说来，对于一些特殊的句型，我们可以把它还原为正常的句型，如把倒装句还原为陈述句等等。
