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浙江省湖州市2024高考英语阅读理解一轮（暑假）精炼（5）含答案
阅读理解（共20小题：每小题2分，满分40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A
It was a very different school from those in China. You're not met by imposing doors and concrete walls, and the buildings were inviting. On the front of the main building was inscribed “Lee Elementary School, 1904.” Wow! I knew it was an old school. Surrounding the main building were five trailers(拖车式活动房屋）. One of them was my classroom, 5T. The “T” stood for Mrs. Toalson, my 5th grade teacher.
Mrs Toalson showed me to my seat. A girl sitting at my table greeted me. Her name was Regina, and she was a blonde girl from Ukraine. Her eyes were like diamonds, and we had met at a party two days before.
During my first morning, we had math class, PE and science. We didn’t even have a break! I wondered why? Mrs Toalson said to us: “Guys, line up for the bathroom break please!” All the kids stood up and went outside.
I didn’t know what “bathroom break” meant. Was it break time? Lunch time? I was confused. Nevertheless, we followed Mrs. Toalson to the main building. We sat in the hallway across from the bathroom. In Chinese, “bathroom” means the WC, and a “break” means having a rest! Gosh, I thought that was weird and why did we have to go to the bathroom together?
“Mary and Regina, you may go.” When we heard Mrs. Toalson, we went into the bathroom. The bathroom was clean, and it smelled like perfume. I asked Regina what if someone wanted to go to the bathroom during class time. She told me that there was a special pass called a “bathroom pass.” All you had to do was raise your hand with the pass to let Mrs. Toalson know you need to go to the bathroom. Then you would be permitted to go.
At 3:30pm, school ended for the day. Students put their textbooks in their cabinets and lined up in front of the change room, where they collected their backpacks and coats. As they walked out of the door, each student said “Good bye” and gave Mrs. Toalson a high five.
“Did you have a good day today?” Mrs. Toalson asked me as she hugged me goodbye.
“Sure!” I nodded.
1 Which is the main difference between the author’s new school and the schools in China?
A. There are no imposing doors and concrete walls in her new school.
B. The author’s old classroom is a trailer.
C. The author’s new school is an old one with one-hundred –year history.
D. The buildings in her new school are very inviting.
2. The underlined phrase “bathroom break” probably means _______.
A. the time for taking shower
B. the time for going to WC and having a rest
C. the class interval for washing
D. the class break for having a bath
3. What does the author think of the first day in her new school?
A. Disappointing.
B. Satisfying.
C. Admiring.
D. Doubtful.
4. According to the passage, the author wanted to know the answer to the following questions EXCEPT _______.
A .what did “bathroom break” mean?
B. why didn’t we have a break between lessons?
C. why did we have to go the bathroom together?
D. why did we have lunch together?
5. In the author’s new school, if a student wants to go to WC during the lesson, what does he or she have to do?
A. To raise his/her hand to let his/her teacher know.
B. To stand up and ask for his/her teacher’s permission.
C. To raise his/her hand with “bathroom pass” and ask his/her teacher’s permission.
D. To wait until the class is over.
ABBDC
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阅读理解专题训练()、如何做好推理判断题(3)
◆ 方法点拨
做推理判断题时注重从已知推出未知，但在推理过程中千万不要主观臆断，掺杂自己的观点。
◆ 活学活用
根据所学技巧，完成下列读写任务
The automobile has many advantages. Above all，it offers people freedom to go wherever and whenever they want to go. The basic purpose of a motor vehicle is to get from point A to point B as cheaply，quickly，and safely as possible. However，to most people，cars are also personal fantasy machines that serve as symbols of power，success，speed，excitement，and adventure.
In addition，much of the world's economy is built on producing motor vehicles and supplying roads，services，and repairs for those vehicles. Half of the world's paychecks are auto related. In the United States，one of every six dollars spent and one of every six nonfarm jobs are connected to the automobile or related industries，such as oil，steel，rubber，plastics，automobile services，and highway construction.
In spite of their advantages，motor vehicles have many harmful effects on human lives and on air，water，land，and wildlife resources. The automobile may be the most destructive machine ever invented. Though we tend to deny it，riding in cars is one of the most dangerous things we do in our daily lives.
Since 1885，when Karl Benz built the first automobile，almost 18 million people have been killed by motor vehicles. Every year，cars and trucks worldwide kill an average of 250,000 people－as many as were killed in the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki－and injure or permanently disable ten million more. Half of the world's people will be involved in an auto accident at some time during their lives.
Since the automobile was introduced，almost three million Americans have been killed on the highways－about twice the number of Americans killed on the battlefield in all U．S.wars. In addition to the tragic loss of life，these accidents cost American society about $ 60 billion annually in lost income and in insurance(保险)，administrative(行政的)，and legal expenses.
Streets that used to be for people are now for cars. Pedestrians and people riding bicycles in the streets are subjected to noise，pollution，stress，and danger.
Motor vehicles are the largest source of air pollution，producing a haze of smog over the world's cities. In the United States，they produce at least 50% of the country's air pollution.
Ⅰ.根据短文，写一篇30～50词左右的摘要
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.根据所读短文，选出最佳答案
1．Cars represent people' s ________.
A．occupation B．identity
C．life style
D．fame
2．According to the passage，the average number of people killed annually in traffic accidents around the world is__________________________________________________________________A．18 million
B．250,000
C．half of the world's population
D．60 million
3．A serious environmental problem resulting from automobiles is ________.
A．tragic loss of life
B．traffic jams
C．air pollution
D．mental stress
4．It can be inferred from this passage that automobiles________________________________________________________A．are an important part of the world ' s economy
B．are becoming less dangerous
C．will produce less air pollution in the future
D．are killing more people in recent years than in the past
5．The title that suits the passage best is ________.
A．Automobile and Economy
B．Automobile and the Environment
C．The Problems with the Automobile
D．Advantages and Disadvantages of the AutomobileⅠ
Automobiles have both advantages and disadvantages. They can get people anywhere and bring them good feelings，as well as job opportunities. But in the meantime，they kill and injure people，cost a lot of money and pollute the earth we live on.
Ⅱ
1～5：BBCAD
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B
Vans, Keds, Dollies—they sound like the names of rock bands, but if you have teenagers, you’ll know they’re actually the latest in teenage footwear.
But experts are now warning that the current shoe fashions will be causing teenagers discomfort in the short term and storing up years of foot, knee and back pain in the future.
Here, the experts identify the problems caused by teenagers’ shoe choice.
KEDS/VANS
Slip-on shoes with elastic（弹性的）sides are particularly popular among teenage boys-with Keds and Vans the most sought-after brands.
The main problem is that they are just too flat—so flat that the heel, which strikes the ground first, also becomes damaged and painful.
BALLET PUMPS
The worst shoes of all are such light and thin dolly shoes. The problem is partly their flatness, as with Keds and Vans. However ballet pumps, which have no string or heel, have other specific problems.
“As the shoe has no fastening device, it relies on the toes to keep the shoe on, causing an awkward gait(步法)，this leads to short-and long-term problems such as calluses（茧子），heel and knee pain.”
WEDGES AND STILETTOS
These shoes can also cause problems with gait, They may look good, but the heels on these are so high they can force the wearer’s body weight forward, making them very unstable.
Teens who wear these shoes regularly are also in danger of joining those millions of women with constant back pain.
SCHOOL SHOES
So what do podiatrists（足科医生）have on their wish list, especially for everyday wear?
Something in a natural, breathable fabric, with a string to hold it on, with a small heel and a deep toe-box that does not press the toes, such as Clark’s, Marks & Spencer or Rhino.
If your teen insists on wearing ‘bad’ shoes, get them some simple foot orthotics（矫形器）in the shoes. These support and correct the movement of the foot and, properly fitted by a podiatrist, can often transform their walk and halt the damage.
6 . Of all the shoes mentioned in the passage, which can cause the worst problems?
A. Marks & Spencer.
B. Wedges & Stilettos.
C. Keds and Vans.
D. Ballet Pumps.
8. The underlined word “halt” in the last paragraph probably means
A. increase
B. worsen
C. stop
D. cure
9. From this passage we can infer
A. trendy shoes may ruin teenagers’ health
B. fashionable shoes all have orthotics in them
C. experts are strongly against wearing popular shoes
D. podiatrists are expert at producing branded shoes
10. In which column of Mail Online can you find this passage?
A. Sports .
B. Science.
C. Health.
D. Shopping.
DBCAC
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C
The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful, says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses (冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom.
A single angry word has lost many a friend. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad. Keep cool, says George Herbert, for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault.
To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. Anger, says Pythagoras, brings with folly ( 愚蠢 ) and ends with regret. You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.
Self-control is man’s last greatest victory.
If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.
11. What does the reader learn from the first paragraph?
A. The greatest victory for a man is to conquer everything except himself.
B. One’s moral freedom is based on the control of himself.
C. To control oneself is the most difficult in one’s life.
D. If a person is too stubborn, he will feel most shameful.
12. What is the correct interpretation of “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad ” in paragraph 2 ?
A. If the gods want to kill you, they make you crazy first.
B. If you always lose your temper, you will soon be finished.
C. If you cannot control yourself, you will become crazy.
D. If you are mad, you will be punished by the gods.
13. If a man lacks self-control, he lacks all of the following EXCEPT _______.
A. the very backbone and nerve of character
B. the patience and power to control himself
C. strong feelings
D. self-confidence
14. The author’s main purpose in writing this article is to _______.
A. explain that self-control is the key to success
B. teach people how to control everything in order to make a great success
C. distinguish all kinds of self-control and suggest ways for keeping it
D. advise people not to lose temper so as to make and keep more friends
15. The passage is mainly developed by _____.
A. analyzing causes
B. making comparisons
C. examining differences
D. listing quotations
BBCAD
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D
There is nothing in the Hippocratic Oath that tells doctors what to do when they make a mistake with a patient. Nor is there much on this subject in medical school curriculums or in training programs.
But there should be.
Much was made of the Institute of Medicine’s 1999 report that 44,000 to 98,000 people die each year in hospitals from preventable medical errors, many of them made by doctors.
The report stated much first-hand information to address the problem, but there was little discussion about how doctors, when they have made mistakes, should deal with their patients,
Everyone assumes that the ever-present threat of accusation has made doctors more anxious about admitting error, and no doubt it has, But doctors have always been tight-lipped about their mistakes, in part to preserve an illusion(幻觉，错误的信仰) of medical omnipotence(全能)
Studies suggest that patients are less likely to accuse doctors when they apologize for mistakes, and many hospitals now encourage their physicians to admit their errors. According to an supportive group called The Sorry Works! Coalition, 16 states have already passed laws giving doctors legal immunity(饶恕) their apologies to patients.
