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选修八 Module 1 Deep South
Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station—a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world's environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.
Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distantearlywarning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet—a concern they believe the world at large should share.
The Transantarctic Mountain, some of them more than 14, 000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the east of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. West of the mountain, the half of the continent south of America is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level.
1．教材原句：
Not_until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook...
真题呈现
(陕西高考)Not until the motorbike looked almost new______repairing and cleaning it.
A．he stopped B．did he stop
C．stopped he
D．he did stop
考题巧解 B not until置于句首时，主句要部分倒装，即将助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语之前。
2．教材原句：
Shackleton kept his promise. More than three months later，...
真题呈现
(湖北高考)The young man made a________to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.
A．prediction B．promise
C．plan
D．contribution
考题巧解 B make a promise“许下诺言”。prediction “预言，预报”；plan“计划”；contribution“贡献”，均不符合题意，故选B。
(Ⅰ)单词速记
A．联想记忆法
1．annual adj.每年的→________ adj.每年的，一年一次的
2．state n．状态；状况→be ________ a state兴奋；紧张
3．trap v．储存，留存；使陷入困境→be trapped ________ 被困住
4．extreme adj.极端的，极度的；n.极端→go to
________走极端
5．privilege n．荣幸→have the privilege ________ 有幸……
6．clothing n．衣服；(尤指)某种服装→a ________ of clothing 一件衣服→a ________ of clothes 一套衣服
答案：1.yearly 2.in 3.in 4.extremes 5.of 6.piece；suit
B．构词记忆法
1．balance n．& v．平衡→________ adj.平衡的
2．depth n．深度→________adj.深度→________ vt.加深；使变深
3．promote v．促进，增进→________n．促进，提升；促销产品
4．pure adj.干净的；不含有害物质的→________v．使(某物)洁净；净化
5．discourage v．阻止；打消……的念头→________v．鼓励→________n．勇气；信心
6．inspiration n．鼓舞；启示；灵感→________v．鼓舞
答案：1.balanced 2.deep；deepen 3.promotion 4.purify 5.encourage；courage 6.inspire
(Ⅱ)短语突破
1．set foot ________sth. 进入，到达；访问
________ foot 步行
2．________ earth 在世界上，在人世间
________ the ground 当场， 在现场；(尤指)在处于战火中的人之中
3．reach a ________ of 达到……深度
reach ________伸出
4．be forced ________sth.被迫做某事
force sb. ________ doing sth.强迫某人做某事
5．come into ________进入视野
at ________ sight 第一眼
6．hear ________听说，得知(某人/某事)
hear ________收到某人的信件(或电子邮件、电话等)
7．________ one's promise 信守诺言
________ one's promise 违背诺言
8．stand ________ 突出，显眼
stand ________代表
答案：1.on/in；on 2.on；on 3.depth；out 4.to do；into 5.sight；(the) first 6.of；from 7.keep；break 8.out；for
(Ⅲ)句型总结
经典句型
1．The silence ______________(一定令人惊羡)．
2．______________________(由于年降雨量几乎为零)，Antarctica is technically a desert.
3．Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife，____________________(它们已适应了那里极其恶劣的条件)．
4．______________________(直到18世纪末才)did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle...
5．In 1961，a treaty signed by 12 countries...__________________________(使南极洲成为世界上最大的自然保护区)．
6．But ________________________(当看得见陆地时)，the Endurance became trapped in the ice and began to break up.
答案：1.must be amazing 2.With annual rainfall close to zero
3．which has adapted to its extreme conditions 4.Not until the late 18th century 5.made Antarctica the world's biggest nature reserve 6.when land came into sight
典句仿写
①not until置于句首，主句部分倒装。
直到10点钟他才去睡觉。
_________________________________________________
②make it＋adj.＋ to do...
仿写：手机使我们交流起来更容易。
_________________________________________________
答案：Not until 10 o'clock did he go to bed.
②A mobile phone made it easier for us to communicate.
(Ⅳ)教材设问
1．With annual rainfall ________ to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert.
A．closing
B．closed
C．close
D．closes
2．On ________ average it is two
kilometres thick, but in some places it reaches ________ depth of five kilometres.
A．/; the
B．an; /
C．/; a
D．the; the
3．Antarctica was the last continent ________.
A．to discover
B．to be discovered
C．discovered
D．having been discovered
1．trap v. 使陷入困境；把……困在；使落网；诱骗；储存
n. 陷阱；困境；圈套
搭配
(1)be trapped in... 被困在……
trap sb. into doing sth. 使某人上当或中计
(2)set/lay a trap 布好陷阱
be caught in a trap of... 陷入……困境，中圈套
fall into the trap of doing sth. 做某事不明智
They were_trapped in the burning hotel.
他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。
②By clever questioning they trapped_him_into_making a confession.
他们用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。
The police set_a_trap to catch the thief.
警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。
熟词生义
trap vt. 阻止；抑制；堵塞
Sand and leaves trapped the water in the stream.
沙子和树叶堵住了小河的水流。
即学即用
The two firefighters the director had ________ the people ________ in the fire were highly praised.
A．rescue; trapped
B．to rescue; were trapped
C．rescued; trapped
D．rescued; had been trapped
2．discourage v. 阻止，制止；使泄气，使灰心，打消……的念头
知识拓展
1)discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心
2)discouraged adj. 沮丧的，灰心丧气的
discouraging adj. 令人泄气的，令人沮丧的
3)courage n. 勇气
4)encourage v. 鼓励
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
The bad weather discouraged_people_from attending the parade.
恶劣的天气阻挠了人们去参加游行。
②The government will take measures to discourage the use of cars in cities.
政府将采取限制在城市使用汽车的措施。
Students soon get_discouraged if you criticize them too often.
如果你批评学生次数太多的话，他们很快就会泄气的。
图解助记
即学即用
完成句子
We ________ you ________ drunk driving.
我们劝你不要酒后开车。
If we criticize them too often，they will get ________.
如果我们经常批评他们，他们会灰心丧气的。
答案：discourage from discouraged
3．promote vt. 促进；增进；晋升，使升级；宣传
搭配
promote growth/understanding 促进增长/了解
promote sb. from sth. to sth. 把某人从某职位提升至某职位
①Our communication promoted_friendship between us.
我们的交流促进了我们之间的友谊。
The company are promoting their new products.
这家公司正在宣传他们的新产品。
Pupils who pass the test will be_promoted_to the next higher grade.
通过考试的学生将升到高一个年级去。
知识拓展
promotion n. 提升，晋级
get/win promotion 获得晋级
即学即用
完成句子
The girl ________ ________ ________ senior manager.
这个女孩被提升为高级经理了。
He worked hard and soon ________ ________.
他工作努力，很快得到了提升。
答案：was promoted to got/won promotion
4．absence n. 不在，缺席；缺乏，缺少
知识拓展
absence of mind 心不在焉
in the absence of sb.＝in one's absence 某人不在时
absence from school 缺课
absent adj. 缺席的，不在场的
be absent from... 不参加……
注意：
He is_absent_from Beijing.
他不在北京。
He is_absent_in_Beijing.
他外出了暂时在北京。
After an absence of many years, I returned home.
外出多年后，我又回到了家乡。
She had an absent look on her face.
她看起来心不在焉。
即学即用
She never speaks ill of anyone in his or her________.
A．dropB．lack
C．failure
D．absence
答案：D in sb's absence意为“在某人不在场时”。
5．in case of 如果；假使；以防
In_case_of flood, the dam can protect us.
万一发洪水，大堤可以保护我们。
知识拓展
in case如果；万一；假使
in case that万一，以防
in no case 绝不，无论如何不
in this/that case 如果/既然这样/那样的话
as is often the case这是常有的事
提示：(1)in case表示“万一”，可单独使用，也可引导从句(有时用虚拟语气)。后跟表示将来的从句，从句不用将来时态，用一般现在表将来，但也可用should, might等情态动词。
(2)in no case“绝不”，置于句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序。
即学即用
完成句子
①Write the telephone number down ________ ________ you forget.
把电话号码写下来以免忘了。
②________ ________ ________ should you forget your task.
你绝不能忘记自己的任务。
6．set foot on 进入，到达
知识拓展
set about doing sth. 开始、着手做某事
set out to do sth. 着手做某事
set aside/apart 存储；留出；放在一边
set back 使倒退；受挫折；拨回(表针)
set down 放下；记下
set out/forth 动身；出发
set off 出发，动身；使爆炸
set to work 开始工作
set up 竖起；安装；建起
be set in...以……为背景
即学即用
Busy as they are, parents should________at least two hours every week to spend with their children.
A．set out
B．set away
C．set aside
D．set off
答案：C 句意：“尽管很忙，父母每周至少拿出两个小时与孩子在一起渡过。”由句意可知选C。
7．come up with 想出；提供
链接：表示“想到……”还可用：
It strikes sb. that...
It occurs to sb. that...
an idea
sb. hits on/thinks of sth.
知识拓展
come across 被理解；被传达；碰见；偶然遇见
come to an end 结束
come to 总计；达到；谈到；归纳为……
come into being 形成；产生
come to oneself 苏醒过来
come down to...下垂到；达到；流传下来；可归结为
come out of 出自；生自；脱离
come into use 开始使用
即学即用
完成句子
In the meeting，some one ________ ________ ________ a good proposal，which means a good proposal ________ ________.
在会议上，一个好的提议被提出，也就是有人提出了好的提议。
单元语法精讲精练
1．主语
句子的主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、词组或复合结构、从句等来充当。
①A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.
外语是生活斗争中的武器。
②Who is speaking?
请问你是谁？
2．动词
1)动词可以分为及物动词、不及物动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词五大类。在很多情况下，一个动词可以用作不同类的动词。
2)充当谓语时，动词要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
