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2024届高考英语一轮复习全方位配套训练人教版必修一Unit 2 English around the World阅读理解3
第Ⅲ组
A
Canadian English
Canadian English is affected by both British and American English.In vocabulary there are a lot of US influences： Canadians use billboard，gas，truck and wrench rather than hoarding，petrol，lorry and spanner；but on the other hand，they agree with the British in saying blinds，braces，porridge and tap rather than shades，suspenders，oatmeal and faucet.
South African English
Since 1994 South Africa has had eleven official languages：English，Afrikaans (having developed from Dutch)，Zulu，Xhosa，and other largely regional African languages.English is the first language of only about 10 percent of the population，but the second language of many others.The English of native Afrikaners has influenced the“standard” English of white South Africans，examples being such informal usages as the affirmative (肯定的)no，as in “—How are you？—No，I’m fine.” and the all-purpose response “is it”，as in “She had a baby last week，is it？”
Indian English
Together with Hindi，English is used across India，but it can also be a speaker’s first，second， or third language.The grammar of Indian English has many distinguishing features，of which perhaps the best-known are the use of the present continuous tense，as in “He is having very much of property”，and the use of “isn’t it” as an ordinary question tag，“We are meeting tomorrow，isn’t it？”The first example shows another characteristic of the language，which is using “in” or “of” in idiomatic phrases.Verbs are also used differently，with speakers often dropping a preposition or object altogether，“I insisted immediate payment”，while double possessives(所有格)—“our these prices” (instead of the British English “these prices of ours”)—are common.
1.What does the underlined word “distinguishing” mean in Paragraph 3?
A.different B.same C.short D.missing
2.According to the passage，which group of words is all in American form?
A.Billboard，gas，blinds and braces.
B.Hoarding，petrol，porridge and tap.
C.Truck，wrench，shades and suspenders.
D.Lorry，spanner，oatmeal and faucet.
3.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A.Dutch is one of the official languages in South Africa.
B.Zulu is one of the official languages in South Africa.
C.Less than 10% of the South African people speak English as their second language.
D.More than 10% of the South African people speak English as their mother tongue.
4.How many distinguishing features of Indian English grammar are mentioned in the passage?
A.2. B.3. C.4. D.5.
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了三种不同的英语：加拿大英语、南非英语以及印度英语。
1.A
词义猜测题。由下文的例子看出此处意为“不同的，多样的”。
2.C
细节理解题。由第一段内容“...Canadians use billboard，gas，truck and wrench rather than hoarding，petrol，lorry and spanner；but on the other hand，they agree with the British in saying blinds，braces，porridge and tap rather than shades，suspenders，oatmeal and faucet.”可知。
3.B
推理判断题。由第二段前两句可知。
4.D
由第三段可知，一共提到了五处不同：the use of the present continuous tense；the use of “isn’t it” as an ordinary question tag；using “in” or “of” in idiomatic phrases；verbs are also used differently以及double possessives。
B
Do you know what really troubles me? For some reason，words with silent letters have always bothered me.For example，consider these words：know，design，island，school，wrist，naughty，and salmon.All of these words have at least one letter that is not typically pronounced，and these words are just a very small part of words with silent letters in them.
Some words are even worse，consider this word：colonel.Not only are some letters not pronounced，but letters that are not even there are pronounced.
Even foreign languages，especially French，are guilty of this needless complexity and confusion.I know there must be some main historical reasons why the words are spelled and pronounced the way they are，but that does not mean bad traditions must continue to survive.Especially if they are no longer logical.
Unfortunately，there is very little that anyone can do for it，because there’s no group of people who can change or have the right to change the English language for everyone.However，the only thing we can do is to make changes in the way we talk and write in hopes that it catches on.For example，I pronounce the letter “l” in salmon on purpose to make people annoyed and to sound more different or complicated.I even pronounce colonel the correct or French way.
I can only hope these two minor changes to the English language make sense to you，and you will help to keep up these minor changes forever in your everyday life.
5.We can learn from the passage
A.colonel is pronounced /?k??lnl/
B.salmon is pronounced /?s?m?n/
C.all the words with silent letters come from French
D.linguists will solve the problem of dumb letters
6.Which of the following is the main reason for silent letters?
A.French language.
B.Historical reasons.
C.Some linguists.
D.Bad traditions.
7.The underlined phrase 揷atches on?probably means ?
?ers?
A.becomes popular
B.gets across
C.follows the fashions D.doesn抰 fall behind
8.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A.Troubles in everyday life B.Traps in English words
C.Words with silent letters D.Necessary changes of languages
【语篇解读】不知道你注意到了没有？英语中有些单词中的字母是不发音的。这是由于长期的历史原因造成的。我们该怎样对待它们呢？
5.B
推理判断题。由第一段第四句“All of these words have at least one letter that is not typically pronounced...”可知，“know，design，island，school，wrist，naughty和salmon”这些单词中至少有一个字母不发音，再由第四段中“...I pronounce the letter ‘l’ in salmon on purpose...”可知，salmon单词中的字母l不发音，所以B项正确。由第二段可知，colonel单词的发音规则是有一些字母不发音，但是不在该单词拼写之中的有些字母还会发音，所以A项错误；由第三段可知，法语只是这一现象的主要原因，所以C项错误；由第四段中“Unfortunately，there is very little that anyone can do for it，because there’s no group of people who can change or have the right to change the English language for everyone.”可知，D项错误。
6.B
细节理解题。由第三段第二句话“I know there must be some main historical reasons why the words are spelled and pronounced the way they are...”可知，造成英语中有些字母不发音的主要原因是历史原因。
7.A
词义猜测题。所在句句意“但是我们可以做的唯一的事情就是在我们说和写的方式上做些改变，希望这会流行起来”。
8.C
主旨大意题。由文章大意可知，全文讨论了英语单词中的字母不发音的原因和我们对此的态度。
C
Only a hundred years ago，people seldom traveled far out of their birthplace.Books were very expensive and there were few national newspapers and no radio or TV.In fact，most people spent their time talking and listening.And only a little reading and writing went on and many people were unable to read or write.For this reason，native dialects(方言)grew up and people spoke as their parents and grandparents did.A Cornwall woman who traveled just as far as London would find that people spoke a completely different language.
Sometimes it is hard to take in just how much things have changed.You always have books around，read magazines and newspapers，and have different TV or radio programs.You and everyone around you，often travel not just in British islands but all of the world.Modern science has changed our life and distances have been made shorter.It might have taken a Cornwall woman three days to travel to London.Now it takes less than two hours by air，less than four by train and less than six by road.
The result of this is that the language we use is becoming more national and the dialects are dying out.Writing，printing (印刷) and broadcasting (广播) have speeded up this change as one dialect has come to be used by more and more people.This is the dialect called Standard English which was first used outside London in the south and east Midlands.
9.From the passage we know that a century ago
A.people wouldn’t like to leave their birthplace
B.there were neither books nor newspapers
C.most people couldn’t read or write
D.people learned to read and write from their family members
10.If a Cornwall woman went to London a hundred years ago，she would find
A.London was not far from her birthplace
B.London was a strange city
C.she could easily understand London people
D.she could hardly understand London people
11.Things have changed so much that people are not
any more.
A.watching TV and listening to the radio
B.reading books and magazines
C.travelling just within British islands
D.travelling all over the world
12.English is becoming more national because
A.distances have been made shorter by modern science
B.it takes a Cornwall woman less time to travel to London
C.the capital of England has been moved to a place near Cornwall
D.people mustn’t speak dialects in England
【语篇解读】本文讲述的是方言的发展和变化。
9.C
细节理解题。由第一段第四句“And only a little reading and writing went on and many people were unable to read or write.”可知。
10.D
细节理解题。由短文第一段最后一句“A Cornwall woman who traveled just as far as London would find that people spoke a completely different language.”可知。
11.C
细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“You and everyone around you，often travel not just in British islands but all of the world.”可知。
12.A
推理判断题。本题的理解必须联系第二段和第三段。其中第二段写的是变化，第三段说的是结果。请看相关的句子：“Modern science has changed our life and distances have been made shorter.”和“The result of this is that the language we use is becoming more national and the dialects are dying out.”。
D
Once a New Zealand teacher asked where I live.“In the white building，” I answered.“At our university both girls and boys live in the same dormitory，” I added.
Beyond my expectation，however，my effort(努力) to show I am speaking American English(AE) turned out to be something else.The New Zealander seemed very puzzled at my answer.
With a half smile，she asked，“Really? Do they live in the same room？”
“Oh，no.They live in different rooms but in the same building.” I reacted quickly.
Later I got to know the word “dormitory”.In AE it means one building while it means one room in British English (BE).
The New Zealander misunderstood me because she spoke New Zealander English(NE)，which，as we know，is much related to BE.
Nowadays，not a few English learners，who try to catch up with the fashion，choose to speak AE.
Yet，the problem is that they cannot speak pure AE，but half AE and half BE instead.
I think it necessary to keep one style in order to avoid misunderstanding.
13.Which of the following is RIGHT?
A.AE and BE are two different languages.
B.There are some differences between AE and BE.
C.New Zealanders speak BE.
D.New Zealanders cannot understand Americans.
14.What I said to the New Zealander is
A.really pure AE
B.really pure BE
C.half AE and half BE D.not English at all
15.According to the passage，
.
A.few people speak AE B.more people speak BE
C.BE is becoming fashionable D.AE is becoming fashionable
16.The writer wrote the passage in order to
A.tell us a funny story
B.warn us not to make mistakes
C.tell us the differences between AE and BE
D.encourage us to speak one style of English
【语篇解读】本文讲述了由美式英语和新西兰英语(与英式英语很相近)的差异引起的误解。
13.B
细节理解题。阅读全文可知A、C、D三项与文意不符，而由第五段“Later I got to know the word ‘dormitory’.In AE it means one building while it means one room in British English(BE).”可知，美式英语和英式英语之间是有区别的，故选B。
14.A
推理判断题。由第二段中“...my effort to show I am speaking American English(AE) turned out to be something else.”和第五段“In AE it means one building while it means one room in British English(BE).”可知，“我”对这个新西兰人说的是纯正的美式英语。
15.D
细节理解题。由倒数第三段“...not a few English learners，who try to catch up with the fashion，choose to speak AE.”可知美式英语越来越流行。not a few相当于many，即许多。
16.D
推理判断题。由文章最后一句“I think it necessary to keep one style in order to avoid misunderstanding.”可知，作者希望只说一种风格的语言，以避免误解，故选D。
E
As you are students of English，it’s very possible that you’ll be interested in England.That’s where the language was first spoken.But England is often called by other names.This often confuses people and I wonder if you know what these names mean.So，now I would like to tell you about this matter of names.I believe that you have heard people use the names—England，Britain or Great Britain.Let’s see what each of these names means.
If you look at a map of Europe，you’ll see a group of islands—one larger island off the northwest coast，one smaller and many tiny ones.These make up what is called the British Isles.The largest island of the British Isles is Britain.It is also called Great Britain.The smaller island is Ireland.
Britain is divided into three parts：Scotland，Wales and England.But sometimes the word “England” is used instead of “Britain”.Why so?
In ancient times，what is Britain now used to be three different countries.People in these different countries spoke different languages.Over many years the three countries became one.England is the largest and richest of the three and it has the most people.So the English people take it for granted that their own name stands for the whole island.
There’s another thing that confuses people：sometimes you may hear people say “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.That is the official name of the country.Northern Ireland is only one sixth of the island of Ireland.The rest of the island is an independent state，called the Republic of Ireland.So we have the names of “England” “Britain” “Great Britain”and “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.Now do you know what each of them means?
17.English was first spoken in
A.Britain B.England C.Great Britain D.Ireland
18.According to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Wales is the richest of the three.
B.Scotland is the largest of the three.
C.Sometimes England is used instead of Britain.
D.Britain is the only name of the largest island of British Isles.
19.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is
A.part of Britain
B.part of British Isles
C.the official name of the whole country
D.the largest country of all mentioned in the passage
20.Which of the following is the best title?
A.Students of English
B.Different Names of England
C.Different Languages Spoken in England
D.The Republic of Ireland
【语篇解读】本文讲述了英国的不同名称。
17.B
细节理解题。由第一段第一、二句可知最早讲英语的地方是England。
18.C
细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，人们有时用England来代替Britain(称呼英国)。
19.C
细节理解题。由最后一段第一、二句可知，The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland是英国的官方名称。
