【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
7．hold on to 紧紧抓住；不放弃；不卖掉
Hold on to the seat in front when we go round the corner.
我们拐弯时要抓牢前面的座椅。
[麦克米伦]
I always held on to the belief that one day he would succeed.
我始终相信他有朝一日会成功。
[麦克米伦]
链接 hold on继续；不挂断(电话) hold to抓牢；坚持 hold back阻止，制止；扣留 hold up举起；支撑；使停止；阻塞；继续 hold out伸出
8．be caught in被围困；遭遇(恶劣天气、堵车等)
The old man was caught in the car door.
老人被车门夹了一下。
链接 be caught in the storm/the earthquake遭受暴风雨/地震 catch one’s eye引起某人的注意 catch sb. doing sth.碰上某人做某事 catch sight of(突然)发现 catch hold of抓住 catch up with赶上 be lost in陷入……之中 be trapped in被困在…… be stuck in卡住
完成句子 ①__________________________(困于交通堵塞)，he failed to arrive on time. ②She ____________________________(遇上了雷暴)on her way to her office. 答案：①Caught in the traffic ②was caught in the storm 疑难语句细解 1．Bring a cellphone if you have one.请带上一部手机，如果有的话。
【要点指南】 one可代指前面的单数可数名词，表泛指概念，复数要用ones；
如表特指概念时，前面要加定冠词the。one的这种替代用法一是为了避免重
复，二是为了强调某个名词。
Have you any books on farming? I want to borrow one.(＝a book on farming)
你们有关于农耕的书吗？我想借一本。
“Mom，I want to have a break.”“Didn’t you just have one？(＝a break)”
“妈妈，我要休息一会儿。”“你不是刚休息过吗？”
提示：替代词that和those。that替代前面出现过的单数可数名词或不可数名词，
表特指，后一般接of短语，those是其复数形式。 完成句子 ①那是个伟大的时刻，一个我永远难忘的时刻。 It was a great moment，________________ I will never forget.(＝a moment) ②请把那顶蓝色的帽子拿给我看看，就是挂在后墙的那个。 Show me the blue hat，please，________________ hanging on the back
wall.(＝the hat) 答案：①one(that) ②the one 单项填空 ③Helping others is a habit，________ you can learn even at an early
age.
(2010·山东，32) A．it
B．that
C．what
D．one 解析：句意：帮助他人是习惯，是一种甚至年幼时你就能学着养成的一种习
惯。考查代词作同位语。设空处作a habit的同位语。one用来代替前面出现的 泛指的单数名词a habit，以避免重复。 答案：D 2．Before she could move，she heard a great noise，which grew to a terrible roar.
还没等她动，她就听到了一个巨大的声音，这声音渐渐变成了怒吼。
【要点指南】 before引导时间状语从句常可译为汉语“还没……就……”，
“还没来得及……就……”，“……以后才……”或“不等……就……”，
此时，从句中可用情态动词can或could。
She hung up the telephone before I could answer it.
我还没来得及接电话，她就挂断了。
The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control it.
大火烧了4个小时后，消防队员才把它控制住。
He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.
我还没来得及给他脱掉衣服他就睡着了。 单项填空 ①The girl had hardly rung the bell ________ the door was opened suddenly，
and her friend rushed out to greet her.
(2010·福建，26) A．before
B．until
C．as
D．since 解析：句意：这个女孩刚一按门铃，门就突然打开了，她的朋友冲出来迎接 她。本题考查固定句型hardly...when/before...，意为“一……就……”。 答案：A ②You can’t borrow books from the school library ________ you get your
student card.
(2009·上海，32) A．before
B．if
C．while
D．as 解析：句意：在你没有得到学生证之前不能在学校图书馆借书。before在…… 之前；if如果；while当……时候；然而；as随着；因为。before引导的状语从 句是常考的知识点。before还可表示“……才……”，“还未来得及……”。 答案：A 3．Tree after tree went down，cut down by the water，which must have been
three metres deep.
一棵接一棵的树倒下了，是被洪水冲倒的，那水一定有三米深。
【要点指南】 must have done用于对过去发生的情况的肯定推测，意为“一
定做过……；肯定做了……”，而can’t/couldn’t have done用于对过去发
生的情况的否定推测，意为“不可能做过……；肯定没做……”。
I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep.
我没有听见电话，我一定是睡着了。 You must have seen the play last week. 上周你一定看了这部戏。 She can’t have gone to work.It’s Sunday. 她不可能去上班，今天是星期天。 I didn’t see him at the lecture last Friday.He couldn’t have attended it. 上个星期五在演讲会上我没有看到他，他不可能参加。 链接 may/might have done可能做过…… will have done想必做过……
单项填空 ①Jack described his father，who ________ a brave boy many years ago，as a
strongwilled man.
(2010·安徽，32) A．would be
B．would have been C．must be
D．must have been 解析：句意：杰克的父亲很多年前一定非常勇敢，因此杰克说他的父亲是一 个意志坚定的人。考查情态动词表推测。由句中的many years ago可知是对过 去的推测，故排除A、C；B项表示可能性很小，故排除。 答案：D ②It ________ have been Tom that parked the car here，as he is the only one
with a car.
(2009·上海，27) A．may
B．can
C．must
D．should 解析：句意：一定是汤姆把车停在这里的，因为只有他有车。此句用must表示 肯定的推测。must have done表示“(过去)一定做了某事”。may，can和should 也可用来表示推测。may表示“可能，也许”，推测语气不肯定。can一般用于否 定句和疑问句中表示推测。should表示“按理应该……”。 答案：C
单击此处进入
双基课堂演练 单击此处进入
限时规范训练
高 频 考 点 unless引导的状语从句 教材原文：You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim，and you should always wear a life jacket. (2010·山东)The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day，________ accompanied by an adult. A.once
B．when
C．if
D．unless 解析：句意：学校制度规定：在白天，除非有大人陪同，否则不允许孩子走出校园。考查状语从句。A：一旦；B：当……的时候；C：如果；D：除非。 答案：D 常 考 词 汇 before 教材原文：However，before she could think twice，the water was upon her. (2010·陕西)John thinks it won’t be long ________ he is ready for his new job. A.when
B．after
C．Before
D．since 解析：句意：约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。本题考查句式It won’t be long before...，表示“过不了多久就……”。注意以下句子的区别： ①It is three years since he left. ②It was three years before he left. ③It was three years ago that he left. ④It was three o’clock when/before he left. 答案：C 高 频 考 点 定语从句引导词whose的选用 教材原文：Next，I called a travel agent whose telephone number I found in a newspaper. (2010·山东)That’s the new machine ________ parts are too small to be seen. A.that
B．which
C．whose
D．what 解析：句意：那台新机器的部件太小了，以至于都看不见。考查定语从句。先行词为the new machine，代入定语从句后为：the new machine’s parts are too small to see，可以看出the new machine在定语从句中作定语，故用whose。 答案：C 高 频 考 点 定语从句引导词which的选用 教材原文：We took a few bottles of water，some apples and oranges，which we put into my bag. (2010·四川)After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，________ turned out to be a wise decision. A.that
B．which
C．when
D．where 解析：which在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面句子的内容。句意：大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的决定。 答案：B 高 频 考 点 so...that引导的结果状语从句 教材原文：She was so surprised that she couldn’t move. (2008·全国卷Ⅰ)The weather was ________ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room. A.really
B．such
C．too
D．so 解析：本题考查结果状语从句。题意是“天气太冷，我不喜欢离开房间。” such...that...和so...that...都可引导结果状语从句，但such后要接名词，so后要接形容词或副词。据此可知答案为D。 答案：D Units 3～4
Going places Unforgettable experiences Ⅰ.单词点击 1.
vt．考虑；照顾；认为→
n．考虑；顾及；体谅 2.
n.自然;自然界；本性→
adj.自然的 3.
adj．基本的 n；基本；要素→
n．基地；基础→
n．(抽象)基础 4.
adv.简单的;完全；简直；仅仅；只不过→
adj.简单的 5.
adj.正常的；正规的；标准的n.常态；正规→
adv.正常地
→
adj.(反义词)不正常的，反常的 consider consideration nature natural basic base basis simply simple normal normally abnormal 6.
adv.负责地→
adj.负有责任的→
.
n．责任；负责 7.
adj.难忘的→
adj.健忘的；易忘的 8.
v.前进的；提前n.前进；提升→
adj.先进的；高级的 9.
n.惊骇；吃惊→
vt.使害怕→
adj.令人害怕的→
adj.害怕的 10.
vt.摧毁；毁坏→
过去式/过去分词→
n．毁坏 responsibly responsible responsibility unforgettable forgetful advance advanced fright frighten frightening frightened destroy
destroyed destruction Ⅱ.短语回顾 1．consider...
... 把……当作…… 2．get
逃离 3．protect sb./sth.
保护、保卫某人(某事物) 4．separate A
B把A和B分开 5．on
hand另一方面 6．失火
. 7．站立起来
. 8．保持联系
. 9．来来回回
. 10．做某事有困难
. as away
from from from the
other on fire get on one’s feet keep/stay in touch
up and down have difficulty in
doing sth Ⅲ.短文填空
Dolphins are wild creatures，so there are a few things you need to
1
in mind when you join them in the ocean.Swim slowly and carefully and
2
try to catch up with the dolphins.You have to be careful not to
3
the dolphins when they are feeding or taking
4
of their young.If a dolphin
comes near you，don’t reach out and try to
5
it.Dolphins living in the wild do not
6
to be touched by humans.You must never try to grab or hold a dolphin—it will
7
the dolphins.The best way to have a good
8
with your new friends is to learn from them.Try to swim like the dolphins，
9
moving your arms too much，and pay attention to
10
the dolphins use body language to communicate. 答案：1.keep 2.don’t 3.disturb 4.care 5.touch 6.like
7．frighten 8.swim 9.without 10.how
核心单词梳理 1．consider v. 考虑；认为
句型 consider doing sth.考虑做某事 consider sb./sth.(to be).../to have done...认为某人(事)……；认为某人做了某事 consider＋it＋adj./n.＋to do...认为做某事……
I’m considering applying for that job. 我在考虑申请那份工作。
[朗文当代] Who do you consider is responsible for the accident? 你认为谁对这个事故负有责任？
[牛津高阶] 拓展：all things considered全面地考虑 All things considered，I’m sure we made the right decision. 从各方面考虑起来，我相信我们做的决定是正确的。 提示：all things considered是分词的独立主格结构，一般在句中作状语，用于 概括或总结，相当于considering everything/all things，taking everything/all
things into consideration或everything/all things taken into consideration。 Taking all things into consideration，his attempt is not likely to turn out to be a
success. 纵观一切情形，他的尝试似乎不太可能成功。 识记：considering鉴于；考虑到；顾及 Considering he’s only just started，he knows quite a lot about it. 鉴于他才刚刚开始，他懂得的已经不少了。
[牛津高阶] 完成句子 ①有人认为是他打碎了窗子。 He is considered __________________ the window. ②承蒙邀请倍感荣幸。 I __________________________ to be invited. ③Tom正在考虑出国。 Tom is considering ________________. 答案：①to have broken ②consider it a great honor
③going abroad 2．means n. 手段；方法；工具
Television is an effective means of communication.
电视是一种有效的通讯手段。
We had no means of transport except for two bicycles.
除了两辆自行车以外，我们没有其他交通工具了。
识记 by means of用；凭借；以……手段 by all means一定；务必；当然可以 by no means决不
Testing is still the usual means by which students’ progress is measured. 考试仍然是衡量学生进步程度的惯常手段。
“Do you mind if I have a look？”“By all means.” “我看一眼行吗？”“当然可以。”
单项填空 ①Every means ________ been tried，and all ________ well now. A．have；go
B．has；go C．has；goes
D．have；goes 解析：means为单复数同形的词，根据every可判断第一个空应用has，而第二 个空前的all为不定代词，决定用goes，所以选C。 答案：C 单句改错 ②It’s wrong of you to get what you want in dishonest means. 答案：in→by 3．protect v. 防御；保护
搭配：protect...from/against...保护……以使不受……的损害
Try to protect your skin from the sun.
尽量保护皮肤不受太阳晒。
[朗文当代]
Troops have been sent to protect aid workers against attack.
已经派出部队保护援助工作人员免遭袭击。
