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专题三 “字斟句酌”——“驾驭”推理判断类题目
.体验高考
Passage
1
体裁：记叙文 话题：生活经历 时间：7分钟
(2024·广东卷，C)Like many new graduates，I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do.My degree，with honors，in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical.I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow，but I had no idea how to do that.That's when I learned about the
Lighthouse Project.
I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers.I knew it would be a lot of hard work，and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time.In short，I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family.
Eventually，however，I won the support of my family，and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application.After countless interviews and presentations，I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.Several months later，I finally received a call asking me to report for duty.I would be going to a small village near Abuja，Nigeria.Where？What？Nigeria？I had no idea.But I was about to find out.
After completing my training，I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation.Though the local villagers were poor，they offered their homes，hearts，and food as if I were their own family.I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.For the next year or so，I taught in that same schoolhouse.But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.
Sometime during that period，I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did，though I did not get anywhere with the local language，and I returned to the United States a different man.The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.
【语篇导读】 本文作者叙述的是自己申请叫做灯塔计划的志愿者工作的过程和被选作志愿者后去阿布加附近的一个小村庄工作的经历，这段经历让作者学到了许多，改变了人生。
1．What do we know about the author?
A．His university education focused on theoretical knowledge.
B．His dream at university was to become a volunteer.
C．He took pride in having contributed to the world.
D．He felt honored to study English literature.
解析 事实细节题。由第一段第二句“My degree，with honors，in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical”可知，作者的大学教育注重的是理论知识，选A。
答案 A
2．According to Paragraph 2，it is most likely that the author
________.
A．discussed his decision with his family
B．asked previous volunteers about voluntary work
C．attended special training to perform difficult tasks
D．felt sad about having to leave his family and friends
解析 推理判断题。由第二段最后一句In short，I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family(总之，我并不是轻易决定申请灯塔计划的，我的家人也一样不是轻易决定的)和第三段首句Eventually，however，I won the support of my family(然而，最后我赢得了家人的支持)可以推断出，作者是同家人讨论商量过的。
答案 A
3．In his application for the volunteer job，the author
________.
A．participated in many discussions
B．went through challenging survival tests
C．wrote quite a few papers on voluntary work
D．faced strong competition from other candidates
解析 推理判断题。由第二段的第二句“After countless interviews and presentations，I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone”可推知，作者面临了与其他候选人的激烈竞争。故选D。
答案 D
4．On arrival at the village，the author was
________.
A．asked to lead a farming team
B．sent to teach in a schoolhouse
C．received warmly by local villagers
D．arranged to live in a separate house
解析 事实细节题。由第四段Though the local villagers were poor，they offered their homes，hearts，and food as if I were their own family可知，一到达那个村庄时，他受到村民的热情接待，故选C。文中信息具体，正确选项是对其概括。
答案 C
5．What can we infer from the author's experiences in Nigeria?
A．He found some difficulty adapting to the local culture.
B．He had learned to communicate in the local language.
C．He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.
D．He was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his students.
解析 推理判断题。由最后一段第一句all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did(他当初觉得奇怪或不寻常的所有事现在都不再觉得奇怪了)可推断，已适应了，但当初不适应时要适应这些，是有困难的，故选A。
答案 A
Passage
2
体裁：说明文 话题：经历感受 时间：7分钟
(2024·湖北卷)You've flown halfway around the world；you've sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of；so what on earth is there to do here？You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.
It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee.By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out，it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.
Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin，about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok，down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand.Not many tourists find this place，and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.
There's an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.It's what this place offers，and it's free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest.You sit there and watch the sea.
It's early afternoon，so the cook comes out and asks what you'd like to eat this evening.Before long he's rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered－every meal fresh and to order.No menu here.
There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm，clear blue sea.There's no street noise.The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.
For now you just count your blessings (福祉)，listing them in the sand with your toe (脚趾)．You don't have to worry about being late for work.You don't have to do anything.
The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon (地平线)，slowly narrowing to nothingness only to reemerge again on your left，now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you.Sand to your left and sand to your right；it's unbroken，endless.No start，no end，just sand，sun，and peace.Step off it，and you reenter the world of traffic，stress，work，and hurry.
Normally you're the type who can't sit still for more than ten minutes，but you're on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and，in the right frame of mind，it stretches all the way around the world.
“How could it take me so long to find it？”you wonder.
【语篇导读】 文章了描述 Huaplee Beach的大体位置、饮食和在这里度过的美好时光。
1．When the author first went to Huaplee Beach，_______________________ _________________________________________________.
A．he found it unworthwhile
B．he failed to sort himself out
C．he became sensitive to smell
D．he had difficulty in finding it
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段It was a long journey...it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland，第三段第二句Not many tourists find this place.可知这个地方不好找，作者找到这个地方耗时很长，因此答案为D。
答案 D
2．What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?
A．No menu. B．Free food.
C．Self service. D．Quick delivery.
解析 细节理解题。第五段文章涉及饮食，根据该段最后一句No menu here 可知答案为A。
答案 A
3．In the author's opinion，a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he ________.
A．sits in a beach chair
B．forgets his daily routine
C．plans a detailed schedule
D．draws pictures in the sand
解析 推理判断题。文章第七段：For now you just count your blessings，listing them in the sand with your toe.You don't have to worry about being late for work.You don't have to do anything，和第八段：No start，no end，just sand，sun，and peace.Step off it，and you reenter the world of traffic，stress，work，and hurry.都描述了在Huaplee Lazy Beach享受的美好时光。但第八段的最后一句Step off it，and you reenter the world of traffic，stress，work and hurry，一旦走出这里，人们又要回到日常生活中，面临工作、交通、压力和快节奏的生活，而要享受Huaplee Beach则需要暂时抛开这些，即答案为B。
答案 B
4．What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?
A．He shouldn't have counted his blessings.
B．He should have understood the wonder of nature.
C．He shouldn't have spent so much time on the trip.
D．He should have come to the place earlier.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一句：“How could it take me so long to find it？”结合全篇文章所讲的在Huaplee Lazy Beach旅游的舒适惬意，可知作者是在感叹自己应该早点来到这里的。因此答案为D。
答案 D
.仿真、模拟
Passage
1
体裁：议论文 话题：节约粮食 时间：7分钟
(2024·湖北黄岗市模拟)All of us should keep a kitchen diary，showing how much food are left uneaten as garbage.
We all waste food，you and me，millions of tons of it.In China，enough food is wasted in restaurants every year to feed 200 million people.In the United States,40 percent of food is wasted from farm to fork.Each year，the amount of food thrown away in rich countries is almost the same as that produced in subSaharan Africa.This raises some important questions.
In developing countries，food is lost because farmers do not have appropriate cooling，storage or market access for their crops.Their grains，fruits and vegetables dry up and rot away.In developed countries，the picture is different，and food is wasted in supermarkets，restaurants and at home.China faces both problems，significant losses in farms，as well as at the sale and consumption stages.And the amount of food wasted by Chinese consumers is rapidly increasing.
Consumer culture has filled China and urban residents can get quality food from anywhere in the country and from across the planet.Chinese consumers are as particular about their food as those in other countries.In supermarkets，they refuse to buy vegetables that don't look fresh or have an irregular shape，or milk and other products close to their expiry(失效)date.
Besides，Chinese consumers tend to be generous.In restaurants or at home，often too much food is ordered or cooked and served.So while trooping out of a restaurant，full and happy，with
colleagues or friends，they never look back at what's left untouched on the table.Should Chinese consumers take more responsibility for the waste they create?
Everyone deserves to have enough food to eat.Despite China's impressive success in reducing hunger over the past three decades，the job is not completed yet.
【语篇导读】 文章阐述了人们尤其是中国人浪费食物的现象及其原因，从而号召人们节约粮食。
1．According to Paragraph 1，we know that food waste is______.
A．huge worldwide B．mainly in USA
C．only in rich countries D．just in African countries
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“All of us”及第二段第一句中的“We all waste food，you and me”可知，每个人都有浪费粮食的问题。故答案选A。
答案 A
2．In developing countries，food is lost mainly________.
A．for the lack of cooling and storage
B．because of easy access to markets
C．because of the wet weather
D．because of the quality of the food
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，发展中国家粮食浪费的主要原因是没有正确的冷却、存储等方法。故答案选A。
答案 A
3．The main reason for food waste in China is________.
A．the effect of consumer culture
B．the convenient food supply
C．the worry about food quality
D．people's being particular about it
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四、五段可知，中国人浪费粮食的主要原因有：购买方便、对食品挑剔以及慷慨待客的习惯等，而这些归纳起来都属于消费文化。
答案 A
4．How do Chinese feel when they leave restaurants with much food left behind?
A．Generous. B．Unconscious.
C．Wealthy. D．Valuable.
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“Chinese consumers tend to be generous”以及第三句中的“full and happy”可知，中国人酒足饭饱离开饭店时感到很开心，对所剩的饭菜不屑一顾，以此来表明自己慷慨好客。
答案 A
5．The purpose of the passage is to tell us________.
A．not to waste any food from now on
B．the necessity to improve food quality
C．the fact of food waste in developed countries
D．the influence of consumer culture on Chinese
解析 写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章主要阐述了人们尤其是中国人浪费食物的现象及其原因，从而号召人们节约粮食。故答案选A。
答案 A
Passage
2
体裁：议论文 话题：保护环境 时间：8分钟
(2024·嘉兴二模)One day，Mr.Arnold was teaching a lesson，and things were going as normally as ever.He was explaining the story of mankind to his pupils.He told them that，in the beginning，men were nomads；they never stayed in the same place for very long.Instead，they would travel about，here and there，in search of food，wherever it was to be found.And when the food ran out，they would move off somewhere else.
He taught them about the invention of farming and keeping animals.This was an important discovery，because by learning to cultivate(耕作)the land，and care for animals，mankind would always have food steadily available.It also meant that people could remain living in one place，and this made it easier to set about tasks that would take a long while to complete，like building towns，cities，and all that were in them.All the children listening were attracted by this story，until Lucy jumped up：
