【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
2．it作“这，那”解，指心目中或上下文中的人或事；it在句首完全是句法结构的需要。 Yang Liwei was the first Chinese to be sent up into space.It made the Chinese proud. 杨利伟是第一位被送上太空的中国人，这使中国人感到骄傲。
3．it可以表示天气、时间、距离、环境、情况等，这时的it不指某个具体的东西，没有明确的含义，译成汉语时可不必译出来。 It’s time for supper.Have you got anything to eat? 到吃晚饭的时间了，准备好吃的了吗？
4．it作形式主语时，it没有具体意义，只是帮助真正的主语移至句子末尾，使句子显得平稳一些。能借it移至句子末尾的主语有三种：一种由不定式表示；一种由动名词表示；一种由从句表示。 (1)It＋is/was＋形容词＋(for sb)＋动词不定式短语 It is necessary for older people to understand what they think and feel. 对老人来说，能够理解他们的感受是有必要的。
(2)It＋is/was＋形容词＋of sb＋动词不定式短语 It’s clever of you to do it like this. 你这样做很聪明。 (3)It＋系动词(be动词除外)＋形容词＋动词不定式短语 It seemed impossible for him to return before six. 他六点前回来看起来不可能。
(4)It＋is/was＋形容词/名词＋动名词 It’s a waste of time doing the work. 做这份工作是浪费时间。 (5)It＋is/was＋形容词＋从句 It is certain that he will attend the meeting. 他会参加这次会议，这件事是确定的。 【温馨提示】 It is clear (plain，true，sure，obvious，certain …
)＋thatclause(从句用陈述语气) (6)It＋is/was＋one’s turn(duty，pleasure，a pity，great fun，a habit，time，a rule，a shame，no wonder)＋to do sth It’s your turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天该你执勤了。 (7)It＋is/was＋名词词组＋thatclause It’s a pity that he can’t swim at his age. 在他这个年龄还不会游泳真遗憾。 (8)It＋is＋过去分词＋thatclause It is reported that there will be a concert this Saturday night.据报道这个星期六晚上有一场音乐会。 (9)It takes(sb) some time to do sth It takes about half an hour to get to the airport. 到机场大概需要半小时。 (10)It cost/costs sb some money to do sth It cost
$2 million to build the hospital. 修建这座医院花费了200万美元。
(11)It＋动词＋主语从句 It struck me that everyone was unusually silent. 每个人都非同寻常的安静，这一点打动了我。 (12)It is/has been/was＋some time＋sinceclause It is/has been years since we parted in the West Point.我们从西点军校分手后有很多年了。
(13)It＋be＋具体时间＋when …
It was 11：00 when they arrived at the factory. 他们是11点到达的工厂。 (14)It was(not)＋some time＋beforeclause和It will(not)be＋some time＋beforeclause It was some time before I realized the truth. 过了很长一段时间我才悟出真相。
5．it作形式宾语：在英语中，如果一个及物动词后接一个由不定式、动名词短语或从句担任的宾语，后面接宾语补足语时，通常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到宾补后面。 I find it hard to learn gymnastics. 我发现学体操很难。 I believe it no use reading without understanding. 我认为读书不加理解是没用的。 Ⅰ.把下列各句转换成用it作形式主语的句子 1．To say is easy，but to do is difficult. 【答案】It is easy to say，but it is difficult to do. 2．He was clever to say so. 【答案】It was clever of him to say so. 3．Trying again is of no use. 【答案】It is no use trying again.
4．Some people say that more than 90,000 people died in the earthquake. 【答案】It is said that more than 90,000 people died in the earthquake. 5．When and where to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided. 【答案】It hasn’t been decided when and where to hold the meeting.
Ⅱ.完成句子 1．怨天尤人是没用的。 It is ________________. 【答案】no use complaining 2．学好英语很有必要。 It is necessary ________________. 【答案】to learn English well 3．是我们上床睡觉的时候了。 It’s about time that ________________. 【答案】we went/should go to bed 4．据说票已经卖完了。 It’s said that ________________. 【答案】the tickets have been sold out 5．当你用她的电脑时她感到很生气。 She hates ________________ you use her computer. 【答案】it when
Ⅲ.说出下列句子中it的用法 1．—How far is it from your hometown to your school? —Oh，quite near.It is only half a kilometer. 【答案】it表示距离。 2．It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 【答案】it用作形式主语，指代动名词短语。
3．It’s surprising that he should ask me such a difficult question. 【答案】it用作形式主语，指代that从句。 4．You may find it exciting working here. 【答案】it用作形式宾语，指代动名词短语。 5．We published it that we had won the football game. 【答案】it用作形式宾语，指代that从句。 Ⅳ.根据提示翻译句子 1．众所周知，钓鱼岛是中国的一部分。(part) 【答案】It is known to all that Island Diaoyudao is part of China. 2．观看电影让我很高兴。(pleasure) 【答案】It gave me great pleasure to see the movie. 3．为他工作很有意思。(fun) 【答案】It is fun working for him.
4．他居然还活着真是个奇迹。(wonder) 【答案】It is a wonder that he is still alive. 5．走到市中心需要半小时。(take) 【答案】It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre./It takes half an hour to walk to the city centre. 读写任务(三) 议论文的概括 一、对概括的要求 概括部分对于输入材料的加工要求高。概要写作包含多个分任务(阅读理解、信息筛选、句子表达等等)，包含几种能力。第一要分析文章，寻找作者的原来意义。第二要筛选信息，学会区分事实和观点，重要和次要，普通与特殊，相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。第三要有英文解释英文的能力(paraphrase)，用自己简单的语言来解释比较复杂语言现象，不能抄袭原文。
总而言之，好的概括具有这么一些特点：主题句统摄，逻辑性强，信息浓度高，意义抽象程度高，等等。我们现在介绍一下说明文与议论文的概括。
二、议论文概括的写作指导 【例2】 请根据以下的任务说明和写作要求，写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 【任务说明】 你要参加一场英语演讲比赛，主题是“如何处理好普通话与方言的关系”。在参赛之前，你要查阅相关资料，并准备你的演讲发言。请认真阅读下面的短文，然后完成以下的任务。 【阅读材料】 Speaking Mandarin Chinese In China，there are over 100 different dialects，which are so complicated that even people from neighboring villages may not
understand each other.In the information age，such barrier of language must be removed by popularizing Mandarin Chinese(推广普通话)because it inversely(相反地)affects the quality and efficiency of oral communication.
Popularizing Mandarin Chinese is of great importance because it may push up our economic growth，accelerate the development of science and technology，and promote the unification(统一)of China.With a population of over 1.3 billion people it is not an easy task.But we must do it and do it effectively.
We have many things to do in Mandarin Chinese popularization.First，we should carry out a mass education(群众教育)on the importance of speaking Mandarin Chinese to make everyone understand that it is his responsibility to do so.In the past，little progress has been made in isolated rural areas because the natives do not bother to take pains to learn to speak Mandarin Chinese.Next，speaking good Mandarin Chinese should be compulsory in classrooms，in public offices，in movies and TV programs in China.
Finally，we should attach great importance to public education because China has large illiterate(文盲的)population.A poorly educated nation has no international reputation.Popularizing Mandarin Chinese is only the first step in changing China into a bettereducated nation.
我们首先分析一下学生的样本，看看存在什么问题，如何改进。 学生样本1 This article appeals us to speak Mandarin Chinese instead of dialect.For example，carrying out a mass education on the importance of speaking Mandarin Chinese language.
学生样本2 This paper tells us the importance and ways of popularizing mandarin Chinese.We should carry out a mass education，class education，and public education to popularize mandarin Chinese.It is good for our economic growth，accelerate the development and promote the unification of China.
我们写议论文概括的时候，主题句最好写“论点”以表达文章的写作目的，议论文的目的就是让读者接受作者的观点。然后支撑句写论据支撑文章观点。 阅读材料第一段引入，第二段是措施，第三段是观点和论据的总结。总的逻辑思想是“问题—分析—出路”，这是议论文的一般路径。 两个样本的主题句都表达了文章的论点，这是优点。样本1的主题句比样本2更加准确，轻松，因为“ways of popularizing mandarin Chinese”不是论点。那么，后面的支撑句应该包括“分析—出路”两个部分。样本1比较空洞，只是列举了一个例子。相反，样本2照顾到了“出路措施(carry out a mass education … )的原因分析(It is good for our economic growth)”，美中不足的是，出路和分析应该次序掉转才符合逻辑。因此，样本1可以评2～3分，样本2可以评4～5分(5满分)。
学生样本2可以作出以下修改，这样就焕然一新。 This paper tells us the importance of popularizing mandarin Chinese.It is good for our economic growth，accelerate the development and promote the unification of China.The ways include carrying out a mass education，class education，and public education. 三、写作练笔 完成对例题2 Speaking Mandarin Chinese的概括。 主题句——瞄准 文章的论点 支撑句——瞄准 文章的论据 (原因与出路) 【答案】 主题句——瞄准文章的论点 It is clear from the text that various dialects make it necessary to popularize Mandarin Chinese. 支撑句——瞄准文章的论据(原因与出路) It helps to develop economy，speed up information exchange，and keep China as a more unified country.We should realize its importance and make it a compulsory course at school. Period 3 Grammar 一、品味语法 1．—Who is knocking at the door? ——谁在敲门？ —It’s me. ——我。 2．My key is missing；I can’t find it anywhere. 我的钥匙不见了，到处都找不到。 it的用法(Ⅰ)
3．—What’s this? ——这是什么？ —It’s a map of China. ——一张中国地图。 4．It’s very cold today.今天天气很冷。
5．It’s very important to keep a balanced diet. 平衡膳食是很重要的。 6．He found it pleasant that he worked with us Chinese.他和我们中国人一起工作，他感到很开心。 7．I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party. 如果你能够来我的生日派对的话，我将十分感激。
二、讲解归纳 1．it作为人称代词代替上文提到的无生命的东西、事物或情况，也可指幼儿或动物。 A bird landed on my window.It chirped and danced. 一只鸟落在了我的窗上，它又叫又跳。
2．it作“这，那”解，指心目中或上下文中的人或事；it在句首完全是句法结构的需要。 Yang Liwei was the first Chinese to be sent up into space.It made the Chinese proud. 杨利伟是第一位被送上太空的中国人，这使中国人感到骄傲。
3．it可以表示天气、时间、距离、环境、情况等，这时的it不指某个具体的东西，没有明确的含义，译成汉语时可不必译出来。 It’s time for supper.Have you got anything to eat? 到吃晚饭的时间了，准备好吃的了吗？
4．it作形式主语时，it没有具体意义，只是帮助真正的主语移至句子末尾，使句子显得平稳一些。能借it移至句子末尾的主语有三种：一种由不定式表示；一种由动名词表示；一种由从句表示。 (1)It＋is/was＋形容词＋(for sb)＋动词不定式短语 It is necessary for older people to understand what they think and feel. 对老人来说，能够理解他们的感受是有必要的。
(2)It＋is/was＋形容词＋of sb＋动词不定式短语 It’s clever of you to do it like this. 你这样做很聪明。 (3)It＋系动词(be动词除外)＋形容词＋动词不定式短语 It seemed impossible for him to return before six. 他六点前回来看起来不可能。
(4)It＋is/was＋形容词/名词＋动名词 It’s a waste of time doing the work. 做这份工作是浪费时间。 (5)It＋is/was＋形容词＋从句 It is certain that he will attend the meeting. 他会参加这次会议，这件事是确定的。 【温馨提示】 It is clear (plain，true，sure，obvious，certain …
)＋thatclause(从句用陈述语气) (6)It＋is/was＋one’s turn(duty，pleasure，a pity，great fun，a habit，time，a rule，a shame，no wonder)＋to do sth It’s your turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天该你执勤了。 (7)It＋is/was＋名词词组＋thatclause It’s a pity that he can’t swim at his age. 在他这个年龄还不会游泳真遗憾。 (8)It＋is＋过去分词＋thatclause It is reported that there will be a concert this Saturday night.据报道这个星期六晚上有一场音乐会。 (9)It takes(sb) some time to do sth It takes about half an hour to get to the airport. 到机场大概需要半小时。 (10)It cost/costs sb some money to do sth It cost
$2 million to build the hospital. 修建这座医院花费了200万美元。
(11)It＋动词＋主语从句 It struck me that everyone was unusually silent. 每个人都非同寻常的安静，这一点打动了我。 (12)It is/has been/was＋some time＋sinceclause It is/has been years since we parted in the West Point.我们从西点军校分手后有很多年了。
(13)It＋be＋具体时间＋when …
It was 11：00 when they arrived at the factory. 他们是11点到达的工厂。 (14)It was(not)＋some time＋beforeclause和It will(not)be＋some time＋beforeclause It was some time before I realized the truth. 过了很长一段时间我才悟出真相。
5．it作形式宾语：在英语中，如果一个及物动词后接一个由不定式、动名词短语或从句担任的宾语，后面接宾语补足语时，通常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到宾补后面。 I find it hard to learn gymnastics. 我发现学体操很难。 I believe it no use reading without understanding. 我认为读书不加理解是没用的。 Ⅰ.把下列各句转换成用it作形式主语的句子 1．To say is easy，but to do is difficult. 【答案】It is easy to say，but it is difficult to do. 2．He was clever to say so. 【答案】It was clever of him to say so. 3．Trying again is of no use. 【答案】It is no use trying again.
4．Some people say that more than 90,000 people died in the earthquake. 【答案】It is said that more than 90,000 people died in the earthquake. 5．When and where to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided. 【答案】It hasn’t been decided when and where to hold the meeting.
Ⅱ.完成句子 1．怨天尤人是没用的。 It is ________________. 【答案】no use complaining 2．学好英语很有必要。 It is necessary ________________. 【答案】to learn English well 3．是我们上床睡觉的时候了。 It’s about time that ________________. 【答案】we went/should go to bed 4．据说票已经卖完了。 It’s said that ________________. 【答案】the tickets have been sold out 5．当你用她的电脑时她感到很生气。 She hates ________________ you use her computer. 【答案】it when
Ⅲ.说出下列句子中it的用法 1．—How far is it from your hometown to your school? —Oh，quite near.It is only half a kilometer. 【答案】it表示距离。 2．It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 【答案】it用作形式主语，指代动名词短语。
3．It’s surprising that he should ask me such a difficult question. 【答案】it用作形式主语，指代that从句。 4．You may find it exciting working here. 【答案】it用作形式宾语，指代动名词短语。 5．We published it that we had won the football game. 【答案】it用作形式宾语，指代that从句。 Ⅳ.根据提示翻译句子 1．众所周知，钓鱼岛是中国的一部分。(part) 【答案】It is known to all that Island Diaoyudao is part of China. 2．观看电影让我很高兴。(pleasure) 【答案】It gave me great pleasure to see the movie. 3．为他工作很有意思。(fun) 【答案】It is fun working for him.
4．他居然还活着真是个奇迹。(wonder) 【答案】It is a wonder that he is still alive. 5．走到市中心需要半小时。(take) 【答案】It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre./It takes half an hour to walk to the city centre. 读写任务(三) 议论文的概括 一、对概括的要求 概括部分对于输入材料的加工要求高。概要写作包含多个分任务(阅读理解、信息筛选、句子表达等等)，包含几种能力。第一要分析文章，寻找作者的原来意义。第二要筛选信息，学会区分事实和观点，重要和次要，普通与特殊，相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。第三要有英文解释英文的能力(paraphrase)，用自己简单的语言来解释比较复杂语言现象，不能抄袭原文。
总而言之，好的概括具有这么一些特点：主题句统摄，逻辑性强，信息浓度高，意义抽象程度高，等等。我们现在介绍一下说明文与议论文的概括。
二、议论文概括的写作指导 【例2】 请根据以下的任务说明和写作要求，写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 【任务说明】 你要参加一场英语演讲比赛，主题是“如何处理好普通话与方言的关系”。在参赛之前，你要查阅相关资料，并准备你的演讲发言。请认真阅读下面的短文，然后完成以下的任务。 【阅读材料】 Speaking Mandarin Chinese In China，there are over 100 different dialects，which are so complicated that even people from neighboring villages may not
understand each other.In the information age，such barrier of language must be removed by popularizing Mandarin Chinese(推广普通话)because it inversely(相反地)affects the quality and efficiency of oral communication.
Popularizing Mandarin Chinese is of great importance because it may push up our economic growth，accelerate the development of science and technology，and promote the unification(统一)of China.With a population of over 1.3 billion people it is not an easy task.But we must do it and do it effectively.
We have many things to do in Mandarin Chinese popularization.First，we should carry out a mass education(群众教育)on the importance of speaking Mandarin Chinese to make everyone understand that it is his responsibility to do so.In the past，little progress has been made in isolated rural areas because the natives do not bother to take pains to learn to speak Mandarin Chinese.Next，speaking good Mandarin Chinese should be compulsory in classrooms，in public offices，in movies and TV programs in China.
Finally，we should attach great importance to public education because China has large illiterate(文盲的)population.A poorly educated nation has no international reputation.Popularizing Mandarin Chinese is only the first step in changing China into a bettereducated nation.
我们首先分析一下学生的样本，看看存在什么问题，如何改进。 学生样本1 This article appeals us to speak Mandarin Chinese instead of dialect.For example，carrying out a mass education on the importance of speaking Mandarin Chinese language.
学生样本2 This paper tells us the importance and ways of popularizing mandarin Chinese.We should carry out a mass education，class education，and public education to popularize mandarin Chinese.It is good for our economic growth，accelerate the development and promote the unification of China.
我们写议论文概括的时候，主题句最好写“论点”以表达文章的写作目的，议论文的目的就是让读者接受作者的观点。然后支撑句写论据支撑文章观点。 阅读材料第一段引入，第二段是措施，第三段是观点和论据的总结。总的逻辑思想是“问题—分析—出路”，这是议论文的一般路径。 两个样本的主题句都表达了文章的论点，这是优点。样本1的主题句比样本2更加准确，轻松，因为“ways of popularizing mandarin Chinese”不是论点。那么，后面的支撑句应该包括“分析—出路”两个部分。样本1比较空洞，只是列举了一个例子。相反，样本2照顾到了“出路措施(carry out a mass education … )的原因分析(It is good for our economic growth)”，美中不足的是，出路和分析应该次序掉转才符合逻辑。因此，样本1可以评2～3分，样本2可以评4～5分(5满分)。
学生样本2可以作出以下修改，这样就焕然一新。 This paper tells us the importance of popularizing mandarin Chinese.It is good for our economic growth，accelerate the development and promote the unification of China.The ways include carrying out a mass education，class education，and public education. 三、写作练笔 完成对例题2 Speaking Mandarin Chinese的概括。 主题句——瞄准 文章的论点 支撑句——瞄准 文章的论据 (原因与出路) 【答案】 主题句——瞄准文章的论点 It is clear from the text that various dialects make it necessary to popularize Mandarin Chinese. 支撑句——瞄准文章的论据(原因与出路) It helps to develop economy，speed up information exchange，and keep China as a more unified country.We should realize its importance and make it a compulsory course at school. Period 3 Grammar 一、品味语法 1．—Who is knocking at the door? ——谁在敲门？ —It’s me. ——我。 2．My key is missing；I can’t find it anywhere. 我的钥匙不见了，到处都找不到。 it的用法(Ⅰ)
3．—What’s this? ——这是什么？ —It’s a map of China. ——一张中国地图。 4．It’s very cold today.今天天气很冷。
5．It’s very important to keep a balanced diet. 平衡膳食是很重要的。 6．He found it pleasant that he worked with us Chinese.他和我们中国人一起工作，他感到很开心。 7．I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party. 如果你能够来我的生日派对的话，我将十分感激。
二、讲解归纳 1．it作为人称代词代替上文提到的无生命的东西、事物或情况，也可指幼儿或动物。 A bird landed on my window.It chirped and danced. 一只鸟落在了我的窗上，它又叫又跳。
